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NOVIJA PROUČAVANJA OSETLJIVOSTI FUSARIUM VRSTA POREKLOM SA PŠENICE PREMA FUNGICIDIMA U SRBIJI
No full textSlađina čarolija – a new pepper variety of the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka
No full textPaprika (Capsicum annuum L.) kao jedna od najvažnijih povrtarskih vrsta zahteva kontinuiran rad na selekciji novih sorata i hibrida. Poslednjih godina akcenat se stavlja na sorte visokog kvaliteta, krupnih plodova i debelog perikarpa, pogodnih za industrijsku preradu. Ukrštanjem odabranih roditeljskih linija, višegodišnjom selekcijom Pedigre metodom, stvorena je nova sorta paprike – Slađina čarolija, krupnih, atraktivnih plodova, debelog perikarpa i intenzivne crvene boje. Sorta je srednje kasna, determinantnog porasta, velikog habitusa i formira 5–10 krupnih plodova po biljci mase 150–300 g. U punoj agrotehnici prinosi prelaze 8 t/ha. Sorta je priznata Rešenjem Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije br. 320-04-5183/2/2023-11 od 12.06.2025.Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), as one of the most important vegetable crops, requires continuous breeding efforts aimed at developing new varieties and hybrids. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on high-quality, large fruits with thick pericarp suitable for industrial processing. Through crossing selected parental lines and long-term selection using the pedigree method, a new pepper variety named Slađina čarolija was developed. It features large and attractive fruits with thick pericarp and an intense red color. The variety is medium-late, determinate, and of large plant habitus. Depending on cultivation, it forms 5–10 fruits per plant weighing 150–300 g. Under optimal agronomic practices, yields can exceed 8 t ha⁻¹. The variety was officially recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of Serbia (Decision No. 320-04-5183/2/2023-11, 12 June 2025)
Ailanthus altissima: invazivna vrsta u savremenim ekosistemima
No full textAilanthus altissima je invazivna drvenasta vrsta poreklom iz Kine i severnog Vijetnama, koja se proširila na sve kontinente osim Antarktika. Zbog brzog rasta, intenzivne vegetativne i generativne reprodukcije, kao i otpornosti na nepovoljne uslove, predstavlja ozbiljan ekološki i ekonomski problem. Širenje ove vrste ugrožava prirodna staništa istiskivanjem autohtonih vrsta i narušavanjem ekološke ravnoteže, dok u urbanim sredinama može izazvati infrastrukturne štete. Suzbijanje otežava sposobnost regeneracije putem korenovih izdanaka i velika produkcija semena koje vetar može raspršiti na velike udaljenosti. Trenutni pristupi suzbijanju uglavnom se oslanjaju na hemijske tretmane ubrizgavanjem herbicida u stablo, ali nijedan od njih nije u potpunosti efikasan. Mehaničko uklanjanje se takođe primenjuje ali često dovodi do još intenzivnijeg rasta. Istraživanja bioloških metoda kontrole, uključujući upotrebu specijalizovanih patogena i herbivora još uvek nisu dala konačne rezultate. S obzirom na negativne ekološke i ekonomske posledice, neophodno je kontinuirano praćenje populacija ove vrste i sprovođenje integrisanih mera suzbijanja. Efikasna strategija kontrole zahteva kombinaciju hemijskih, mehaničkih i bioloških metoda uz podizanje svesti javnosti o značaju pravovremenog reagovanja u cilju ograničavanja njenog daljeg širenja
Characterization of the Penicillium isolates associated with blue mold on kiwfruits in Serbia
No full textKiwifruits are edible berries from woody vines belonging to the genus Actinidia,
native to southwest China, but sold and widely consumed worldwide, including in Serbia.
The nutritional benefits of these fruits include richness with vitamin C and significant
levels of dietary fiber, vitamin E, folate, and potassium. Kiwifruit compounds exhibit
various beneficial health effects such as anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory,
anti-ulcer, antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and digestive-stimulating.
This paper describes the polyphasic characterization of the Penicillium isolates obtained
in 2016 and 2017 from the diseased kiwifruits in Serbia, originating from import.
Morphological features of the recovered isolates were examined on three media: Czapek
yeast autolysate agar (CYA), Malt extract agar (MEA), and Creatine sucrose agar (CREA).
Growth and morphology were also inspected on CYA medium at two liminal incubation
temperatures (5 and 37°C). Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin served as
molecular identification markers. A pathogenicity assay was conducted to check the
fulfilment of Koch’s postulates. The obtained isolates were identified as Penicillium
expansum, and all isolates were confirmed as postharvest pathogens of kiwifruits
collected in Serbia. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first record of P. expansum
as a postharvest disease agent on this host in Serbia. The recorded fungal species in this
study is regarded as one of the most destructive fruit pathogens in storages. It is a diseasecausing
agent with an extensive host range which includes many fruit crops, whether they
are cultivated here or imported, as kiwifruits
Садржај пепела, органске супстанце, целулозе и лигнина у различитим узорцима биомасе
No full textThe combustion of biomass as a renewable energy source can significantly impact the environment,
depending on the type of biomass, its physico-chemical properties, and combustion conditions. This
study investigates the combustion products (CO, CO₂, SO₂, NO, and NOx) of briquettes made from
various biomass types: tobacco and soybean stalks, wheat straw, sunflower head residues, maize
cobs, and beech wood sawdust. The analysis was conducted in a 65 kW thermal power boiler
according to instruction UP.53.540.01 and the SRPS M.E2.203:1980 standard. All biomass samples
were combusted under identical conditions including furnace temperature, water temperature in the
boiler, and water mass flow rate. Flue gases were analyzed using the MRU GmbH User Manual
Vario Plus gas analyzer (MRU, Germany). The results showed that the lowest O₂ content was
observed during the combustion of sunflower head residues (11.70%), while the highest was
recorded in tobacco stalks (12.88%). The lowest CO₂ content was measured in maize cob briquettes
(7.90%), and the highest in sunflower head residues (9.57%). CO concentrations ranged from
1590.34 mg/m³ (tobacco stalks) to 2952.3 mg/m³ (corn cobs). The highest NO concentration
(273.67 mg/m³) was recorded in tobacco stalks and sunflower head residues, while the lowest was
found in beech wood sawdust (142.34 mg/m³). For NOx, the highest value was also recorded in
tobacco stalks (419.67 mg/m³), and the lowest in beech sawdust (213.34 mg/m³). The data obtained
for combustion products in this study indicate that tobacco stalks, and other tested biomass samples,
fall within the emission limits prescribed by environmental regulations, confirming their
environmental suitability for use as biofuel
Chemical profiling of bioactive metabolites from antagonistic Bacillus velezensis strains
No full textBacillus species are well-known for synthesizing a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties and plant growth-promoting potential. Among these, volatile organic compounds (e.g. alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, ketones) and lipopeptides (e.g. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, kurstakin) are increasingly gaining attention for their potential applications in biotechnology. In this study, we chemically characterized ethyl acetate extracts of four Bacillus velezensis strains (P-FC 55, RD-FC 88, R-FC 102, and R-FC 114) with confirmed antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, aiming to reveal bioactive secondary metabolites potentially responsible for their antimicrobial effects. The analysis was performed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for the detection of volatile organic compounds and Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-ToF MS) for lipopeptide profiling. GC/MS analysis detected 96 compounds in the ethyl acetate extracts of four tested B. velezensis strains. The most abundant compounds, each with a relative abundance greater than 1% across all strains, included 2,3-butanediol, urea, phosphoric acid, succinic acid, thymine, phenylalanine, 9H-purin-6-ol. The analysis also detected several unidentified compounds (designated as MS 4 – 6, MS 8, MS 12–15, MS 20–24, MS 29, and MS 30), which could not be matched with spectra from the used MS libraries. UHPLC-QToF-MS analysis revealed only the presence of different isoforms of surfactin (C12–C17) in all four strains. However, the exclusive detection of this lipopeptide family may be attributed to the specific growth conditions applied, and it is likely that additional lipopeptides could be produced under different cultivation conditions. In both types of analyses, none of the detected metabolites were unique to any specific strain; all identified compounds were shared among the four B. velezensis strains. Differences between tested strains were only observed in terms of the abundance of detected metabolites. The results indicate that the identified compounds, known for their antimicrobial properties, may play a role in the antibacterial activity of B. velezensis strains against X. campestris pv. campestris, highlighting their potential for development into biopesticide formulations for use in black rot control
Contribution to the knowledge on the distribution of Aristolochia clematitis in riparian and roadside habitats of Serbia
No full textAristolochia clematitis L., belonging to the Aristolochiaceae family and commonly known as
common birthwort or Dutchman's pipe, is a rhizomatous perennial herb best known for its unpleasant odor. It is widespread in Serbia, favoring warm, nutrient-rich soils in sunlit areas. It thrives in habitats such as floodplain forests, riverbanks, embankments and roadsides. This
species is also significant from a plant, animal and human health perspective, as a phytopathogenic virus host, poisonous plant and producer of aristolochic acid I (AAI), a nephrotoxic and carcinogenic compound linked to Balkan endemic nephropathy. Field studies in Serbia were conducted along 236 riparian and 180 roadside field sites, where its presence and abundance were recorded along 100 m long vegetation transects. RDA analyses were performed using Canoco 5.0, with A. clematitis cover as a response variable and selected habitat features as explanatory variables. Generalized additive model (GAM) was done to fit a response curve of A. clematitis on the elevation gradient. A. clematitis was documented in 42 field sites, with the highest number of field sites being in the Danube catchment area (riparian) and along the E-75 highway (roadside). The cover of A. clematitis varied, equaling the cover of cca. 5% in 66.67% of riparian field sites, with some roadside sites reaching 30% cover. Analyses show that the presence and cover of A. clematitis was positively associated with lower altitudes and the presence of some anthropogenic features (e.g. debris) within the studied reach of the river. The study highlights the need for targeted control measures, considering the cover and abundance of A. clematitis in specific locations
Investigating the link between seed morphology and germination success: insights from European common wild oat (Avena fatua) populations
No full textGermination cardinal temperatures, germination rate for 50% of seeds (GR50), and
seed traits are interrelated and allow prediction of germination behaviour based on
seed characteristics.
We examined the relationships between seed traits and germination cardinal temperatures
in 122 Avena fatua populations from 16 European countries, analysing data from 22,000
seeds using image analysis. By germination testing across a temperature range of 5–35°C,
the germination rate for 50% of seeds (GR50), base temperature (Tb), optimal temperature
(To), and ceiling temperature (Tc) were estimated using a Dent-like segmented model. A primary response screening analysis revealed that seed colour was the main determinant
of GR50. For Tb, seed colour and surface hairiness were influential factors, while
To and Tc were affected by seed colour and the awn attachment point on the lemma.
Predictions from artificial neural networks indicated that smaller seeds with shorter
awns, wider awn angles relative to the seed axis, higher attachment points on the
lemma, and lower surface hairiness are likely to have higher germination rates.
Darker-coloured seeds had higher Tb values than lighter-coloured seeds. Seeds with
awns attached higher on the lemma predominantly had higher Tb values. Black seeds,
the most common colour, had a lower Tc than other colours. Considering geographic
locations linked to germination cardinal temperatures, seeds from higher latitudes had
lower Tb values, and seeds from lower longitudes were predicted to have lower Tc.
This study demonstrated that specific seed morphological traits, such as seed mass,
awn length and angle, hairiness, and awn attachment, consistently influence germination
performance under varying environmental conditions. These associations suggest
adaptive differentiation shaped by both climate pressures and geographic gradients
Potential of kaolin, riboflavin and skimmed milk as natural substancies for UV protection and formulation of Erwinia amylovora specific bacteriophages
No full textPhage therapy is intensively studied alternative for control of fire blight of pome-fruits
caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea). However, phage efficacy in vivo is affected by diverse
factors, such as UV irradiation limitting persistence and causing direct damage of the
viral DNA. Therefore, in order to prolong Ea phages survival on plant surfaces UVprotective
formulations are needed.
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of three natural compounds: kaolin,
riboflavin and skimmed milk, on vitality of Ea phage particles after time-depended
exposure to UV light in vitro.
The bacteriophage ФEa10 was formulated by mixing phage suspension (1x105 PFU/ml)
with 0.5, 5 and 10% of potentially protective substance, in wells of 96 multiwell plate in
ratio 1:1, prior to exposure to UV light (=254 nm). The phage titer was determined after
30, 60, 120 and 300s of irradiation by plaque assay on NYA medium using susceptible E.
amylovora strain KBI 52 as a host.
Significant difference in viability of the non-formulated and formulated phages was
observed for all three compounds at applied concentrations. Riboflavin at 5 and 10%
enabled longest persistence of phages, decreasing phage titer for 0.4 and 0.3 log PFU/ml,
respectively after their exposure to UV source for 300s. The same concentrations of
kaolin reduced titer for 1.03 and 0.52 log PFU/ml and skimmed milk formulations for 1.07
and 0.9 log PFU/ml, respectively.
Results indicate that formulation of Ea phages can increase their UV-persistence and
stability and improve efficiency in fire blight biocontrol.
This research was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, GRANT No.
7421, Innovative solutions in phage-mediated biocontrol of fire blight – InnovaPhag
Процена минималне количине кисеоника и запремина продуката сагоревања различитих типова биомасе
No full textМинимална потребна количина кисеоника (Оmin) дефинише се као количина неопходна за потпуно сагоревање биомасе, а израчунава се на основу познатог елементарног састава биомасе и стехиометријских једначина сагоревања за угљеник, водоник и сумпор. У овом истраживању анализиране су следеће биомасе: стабљика дувана, стабљика соје, пшенична слама, остаци главе сунцокрета, окласак кукуруза и пиљевина дрвета букве. На основу добијених вредности Оmin и познатог учешћа кисеоника у ваздуху, израчуната је и минимална количина ваздуха потребна за потпуно сагоревање (Lmin), као и запремина продуката сагоревања – угљен-диоксида (VCО2), сумпор-диоксида (VSО2) и азота (VN). Најнижа вредност Оmin утврђена је код пшеничне сламе (0,8510 m³/kg), док је највиша вредност забележена код пиљевине букве (0,9392 m³/kg). Сличан тренд уочен је и код Lmin, где су границе биле од 4,0525 m³/kg (пшенична слама) до 4,4725 m³/kg (пиљевина букве). Запремина VCО2 била је најнижа код стабљике дувана (0,8045 m³/kg), а највиша код пиљевине букве (0,9143 m³/kg), што је у складу са уоченим садржајем угљеника у узорцима. Вредности VSО2 биле су испод границе квантификације (< 0,001 m³/kg) за све узорке осим остатака главе сунцокрета, где је измерено 0,0139 m³/kg. Запремина азота VN кретала се од 3,2438 m³/kg (стабљика дувана) до 3,5332 m³/kg (пиљевина букве), пратећи укупне вредности потребног ваздуха за сагоревање. Добијени резултати указују на разлике у сагоревању и емисијама међу испитиваним врстама биомасе, при чему биомаса са нижим Оmin и Lmin показује већу енергетску ефикасност и мањи утицај на животну средину