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Biochemical and morphological analysis of fruit quality traits of different traditional apple genotypes from western Serbia
No full textMarket demands for apple fruits are increasing. Beside fruits for fresh consumption and processing, in the last few years is also increasing the need for fresh-cut fruits. The aim of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of 6 traditional apple genotypes from Western Serbia (‘Slatkača’, ‘Đulabija’, ‘Zelenika’, ‘Prstenka’, ‘Šumatovka’ and ‘Žutica’) through the analysis of various morphological and biochemical characteristics and to propose the potential use that will respond to the market demands. Morphological parameters of quality were measured: fruit weight, height and width, shape index, fruit firmness and fruit stalk length. Among biochemical components of quality, total soluble solids and titratable acidity were measured and used to calculate flavour index. Sensory analysis included parameters: fruit appearance, taste and aroma. Based on results, fruits of selected apple genotypes were divided into three clusters, which reflect their best potential to use for a different purpose. Genotypes ‘Đulabija’ and ‘Prstenka’ were the best rated by sensory analysis. It shows their potential as apples for fresh consumption, which are grouped in Cluster I. In Cluster II are grouped genotypes suitable for processing - ‘Šumatovka’ and ‘Žutica’. These genotypes have good soluble solids content, but low rating of appearance and taste, due to higher sourness or sweetness. Genotypes ‘Slatkača’ and ‘Zelenika’ had lower ratings regarding the appearance, but have good aroma and taste, which makes them suitable for Cluster III. Fruits from this cluster are suitable for fresh-cut apples. This research showed great diversity and the potential of traditional varieties of apples for different uses. Further research should evaluate their fruit quality in detail, especially regarding different climate conditions and pomotechnical measures that can improve quality of fruits
Fruit characteristics of some apple cultivars and their clones
No full textApple is one of the most cultivated fruit trees in the world. Consumers value high quality fruit, with desirable morphological characteristics, good aroma and taste. Given the popularity of red apple fruits, the need for its cultivation is growing. The aim of this research was to analyze the qualitative characteristics of 4 commercial apple cultivars (‘Gala’, ‘Red Delicous’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Golden Delicous’) and their clones (‘Schnico Red Gala’, ‘Scarlet Spur’, ‘Wilton’s’, ‘Red Jonaprince’ and ‘Reinders’). Research was carried out on the Radmilovac Experimental Site in a two-year period (2021 and 2022). The following morphological parameters were monitored: weight, height and width of the fruit, index of the fruit, length of the stalk, firmness of the fruit and coloration of the fruit. Also, biochemical parameters were measured: content of soluble solids, total titratable acidity and flavour index. Sensory analysis was performed by scoring fruit attractiveness, taste and aroma. Clones had higher degree of attractiveness due to intense red colour (‘Schnico Red Gala’, ‘Scarlet Spur’, ‘Wilton’s Red Jonaprince’) or reduction of rustiness (‘Reinders’), in comparison to commercial varieties.In some clones (‘Wilton’s Red Jonaprince’ and ‘Scarlet Spur’) fruit size was decreased in comparison to parent cultivar. ‘Wilton’s Red Jonaprince’ had the best parameters of biochemical quality –highest soluble solids, titratable acidity and flavor index among all analyzed genotypes. The decrease of quality (soluble solids, acidity and flavor index) is noticed in the clones ‘Scarlet Spur’ and ‘Reinders’. ‘Schnico Red Gala’ showed the highest increase of sensory properties in comparison to original cultivar (‘Gala’). Clone ‘Wilton’s Red Jonaprince’ showed the best overall biochemical quality and sensory traits in comparison to all analyzed genotypes
The effect of Bacillus spp. isolates and calendula extract on tomato yield
No full textIn recent years, in order to protect the environment and food safety, intensive work has been done on the development of biological fungicides, nematicides and herbicides, as well as products based on biological agents and medicinal herbs for plant protection. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the application of Bacillus spp. and calendula extract on tomato yield. The experiment was carried out during the 2023 growing season in the field conditions using SP - 109 genotype of tomato, selected at the Institute for Vegetable Crops Smederevska Palanka. Tomato seedlings were produced in a greenhouse and were planted in the field at the end of May. The experiment was laid out in a random block system, with four replications. The number of plants per main plot was 36. The distance between the rows was 50 cm and between the plants in the row 25 cm. Five treatments were applied three times during the vegetable season (T1 - Bacillus spp. isolate 1, T2 - Bacillus spp. isolate 2, T3 - Calendula extract, T4 - Fungicide, T5 - Control). The number of fruits per plant in treatments T1 and T4 was 29. It was statistically significantly higher compared to the number of fruits per plant in treatments T2, T3 and T5 (20, 21, 20). Also, the fresh weight of fruits per plant was significantly higher in treatments T1 and T4 (847.7 and 868.5) compared to treatments T2, T3 and T5 (686.7, 680.4 and 634.4). Results of this investigation indicate that the application of biological agents, specifically selected Bacillus spp. isolate 1 (T1), can have effects comparable to fungicides, as evidenced by the achieved tomato yield. The future research will include investigations of the impact of Bacillus spp. isolates and calendula extract on the nutritional characteristics of tomato fruits
Oxymatrine-based insecticide: A natural product for the control of stored-product beetle pests in wheat grain
No full textInsecticides of natural origin are a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides. Therefore, the intention of this
study was to evaluate the potential of the natural product oxymatrine, as a wheat grain protectant against major
stored-product beetle pests. The insecticidal activity of oxymatrine was tested against Rhyzopertha dominica
(Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae),
Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val, 1868)
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at doses of
0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg a.i./kg (ppm) of wheat grain. Initial mortality was assessed after 2, 7 and 14 days of
exposure, and total mortality after 7 days of recovery period. The impact on progeny production/reduction was
assessed for all species, while in the case of R. dominica and Sitophilus species related weight loss and frass
production were also documented. The results show that species, dose, exposure and the recovery period
significantly affect the effectiveness of oxymatrine. All doses of oxymatrine provided complete mortality of
R. dominica after 7 days of exposure and 7 days of recovery. The satisfactory control of Sitophilus species and
T. castaneum was achieved by 1 mg/kg and T. confusum by 4 mg/kg after 14 days of exposure and 7 days of
recovery. Oxymatrine complete suppressed progeny production and prevented damage by R. dominica after all
exposure intervals. The lowest number of progeny of Sitophilus and Tribolium species and damage by Sitophilus
species was recorded after 14 days of exposure in wheat treated with ≥1 mg/kg of oxymatrine. The obtained
results indicate that oxymatrine could be an efficient natural product for the control of stored-product beetles in
stored wheat
IS ACULUS CORNUTUS (Banks) SEPARATE SPECIES, OR JUST SYNONYM OF A. FOCKEUI (Nal. & Trt.) – MORPHOMETRIC AND MOLECULAR APPROACH
No full textTaxonomic characterization, combining
molecular and morphometric analyses, showed
clear separation between populations inhabiting
plums and peaches, indicating that these are
two cryptic species within A. fockeui complex of
species
Molecular characterization of wheat dwarf virus isolates from Serbia based on complete genome sequences
No full textIntroduction: Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), the species Mastrevirus hordei of the genus Mastrevirus in the family Geminiviridae, is a cereal virus commonly detected in several European, African and Asian countries that causes economic losses. Methods: In the spring of 2019, a severe outbreak of wheat dwarfing and yellowing was observed in many winter wheat crops across Serbia. A total of 161 samples were tested for the presence of WDV and other common wheat viruses using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). To obtain the complete genome of 23 selected isolates, several overlapping segments of the WDV genome were amplified and sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the whole genome sequences of the WDV isolates identified in this study and 40 selected sequences from GenBank. Results and discussion: The results of DAS-ELISA indicated the presence of WDV in all samples collected from 21 sites in all nine districts surveyed. Further molecular characterization based on complete genome sequencing of 23 selected isolates showed that the Serbian WDV isolates had low nucleotide diversity and were closely related to wheat-infecting isolates from Europe, suggesting the presence of wheat-adapted forms of WDV in Serbia. The constructed phylogenetic tree revealed that Serbian isolates grouped in clade E within the wheat-adapted forms. This study provided the first insight into the genetic structure of WDV in Serbia based on its whole genome sequence. Further studies on the vector biology and population dynamics are needed to better understand the factors influencing the emergence and spread of WDV under local agroecological conditions
Is Ambrosia trifida L. Preparing for a Wider Invasion? Changes in the Plant Morpho-Functional Traits over a Decade.
No full textPlastic traits are argued to favor the establishment of invasive alien plants and to evolve
during the invasion process, so that invasions may be favored by both plasticity and evolutionary
changes in plasticity. Despite this aspect being pivotal to understanding invasion processes, no
information is available about the effect of residence time on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
of aliens to produce locally adapted phenotypes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate changes in the
morpho-functional traits of the invasive alien Ambrosia trifida L. over time. Specifically, we grew
A. trifida plants under laboratory (at different temperatures: 10 ◦C, 20 ◦C and 25 ◦C) and field
conditions by using seeds collected from 2011 to 2020 from an Eastern European population. Data
about seedling emergence, vegetative (laboratory and field) and reproductive (field) traits were
collected, e.g., maximum plant height (cm), total dry biomass (g), number of flowers (n) and number
of new seeds (n). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regressions and a plasticity index were
applied to assess differences in plant performances when grown from seeds of different ages. An
auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to predict future trends of
some key plant traits (maximum height, total dry biomass and number of new seeds). Overall, the
time of seedling emergence was not statistically different among seeds of different age, and regression
analyses exhibited a positive relationship between residence time (seed age) and vegetative and
reproductive parameters of A. trifida. Only male flower production exhibited a negative trend over
time. At all temperatures (especially at 25 ◦C), the vegetative parameters increased with the decrease
in residence time. The plasticity index of the measured traits tended to decrease over time for most
traits both in the field and in the laboratory trials. The ARIMA model predicted that plant traits will
continue to increase in size over time by 2030, suggesting further plastic adaptation of A. trifida. The
results highlighted that residence time influences the evolution of phenotypic plasticity of A. trifida,
which has strengthened its adaptability to the new conditions over a decade, also demonstrating a
great adaptive and invasion potential for the future
INTEGRALNO SUZBIJANJE KOROVA U FUNKCIJI PROIZVODNJE ZDRAVE I BEZBEDNE HRANE
No full textFood is very important for all the people in the world. Whether food is of plant or animal origin, it
must be prepared in an adequate way. Since we live in a time when people do not have much time to prepare
food, they are forced to use ready-made meals from bags, fried food, food prepared on the grill, and
insufficiently thermally processed food. This kind of food is anything but healthy. In order for people to eat a
healthy meal, they must first have some knowledge of what is healthy and what is not. This paper presents
results of an anonymous survey of students of the Academy of Technical Educational Vocational Studies to see
if they are informed about what healthy food is, if they eat healthy meals and which food will be beneficial in
the future. The survey contained 10 questions, which had to be answered with YES, NO or MAYBE.Hrana je jako bitna za sve ljude na svetu. Bilo da je hrana biljnog ili životinjskog porekla ona mora
da bude pripremljena na adekvatan način. Pošto se živi u vremenu, kada ljudi nemaju puno vremena da
pripremaju hranu, često pribegavaju da koriste gotovu hranu iz kesica, prženu hranu, hranu pripremljenu na
roštilju, nedovoljno termički obrađenu itd. Ovakva hrana često ne nosi epitet „zdrave hrane“. Kako bi ljudi
pojeli zdrav obrok, prvo moraju da imaju određeno znanje o tome šta je zdravo a šta ne. U ovom radu
prikazani su rezultati anonimne ankete studenata Akademije tehničko vaspitačkih strukovnih studija kako bi se
videlo da li su upućeni o tome šta je „zdrava hrana“, da li jedu zdrave obroke i koja će hrana u budućnosti
imati prednosti. Anketa je sadržala 10 pitanja, na koja je trebalo da se odgovori odgovorom sa DA, NE ili
MOŽDA
