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Hooliganism and media images in the risk society
Get PDFSince 2000 twelve mostly young people have lost their lives, due to the fan
violence in Serbia while the number of injured participants was much higher. Incidents at
“Luigi Ferrari” in Genoa (Italy) or in some courts in our country, in connection of fan groups
with other social events (burning of embassies, participation in incidents during the Pride
Parade, etc.), only encouraged the topicization of this types of conflict, which together with
nationalist rhetoric and suggestive propaganda leads to the new forms of conflict, especially
among young people. The authors recognize that sport is increasingly becoming a social
space of conflict manifestation, especially in complex multicultural, multireligious and
multiethnic societies. Incidents are often being repeated, with a more pronounced aggression
and intolerance “towards others”, and not just as a random or organized violence, but also in
the form of supporting criminogenic activities. The depth and the strategic significance of
the changes are slowly recognized in security practice, especially in the sphere of inclusion
of civil society cooperation of which is expected to become an indispensable partner in the
process of building the overall awareness of the risks of violence at sport events
Problem of prison overload and possibile solutions
Get PDFPoslednjih godina u našoj zemlji sve više je prisutan problem preopterećenosti postojećih zatvorskih kapaciteta i s tim u vezi teškoće vezane za samo izvršenje kazne zatvora. Razlozi leže u sve većem broju izreženih zatvorskih kazni i njihovom dužem trajanju i povećanom broju pritvorenih lica, a sa druge strane u nedovoljnom broju i kapacitetu ustanova za izdržavanje ove kazne koji nije pratio ovo povećanje. Moguća rešenja ovog problema mogu se kretati u dva pravca: jedan, izgradnja novih smeštajnih kapaciteta i rekonstrukcija starih, i drugi, izmene u kaznenoj politici sudova. No to nikako ne bi smelo da znači da zbog tehničkog problema kakav je nedostatak zatvorskih kapaciteta sudovi treba da koriguju svoju kaznenu politiku u smislu njenog ublažavanja. Rešenje čini nam se leži u boljem korišćenju postojećih mogućnosti za zamenu kazne zatvora drugim sankcijama (novčana kazna, rad u javnom interesu, kućni zatvor), pre svega kada su u pitanju kratkotrajne kazne zatvora, kao i u adekvatnijoj primeni instituta uslovnog otpusta. U poslednje vreme pojedinim novih zakonskim rešenjima stvoreni su uslovi za bolju primenu ovih krivičnih sankcija i instituta, što bi moglo da doprinese rešavanju ili bar ublažavanju ovog novonastalog problema.In recent years, there is a growing problem of prison overload and therefore difficulties associated with execution of imprisonment in our country. The
reasons lie in increasing numbers of prison sentences and their longer duration
as well as increased number of detainees, and on the other hand - insufficient
capacity of existing institutions for serving the sentence, that did not follow this
increase. Possible solutions to this problem can be found within two directions:
one, construction of new capacities and reconstruction of old ones, or - changing the penal policy of the courts. However, this should not by any mean result
with courts update their criminal policy in terms of its mitigation because of
technical problem such as shortage of capacity. The solution seems to lie in better use of the existing possibilities for replacement of prison sentence with other
sanctions (fines, community service, house arrest), especially when it comes to
short-term imprisonment, as well as to adequate application of parole. Lately,
some new legal solutions and conditions were introduced for better implementation of these criminal sanctions and institutes, which could contribute to solving or at least help reducing this problem
Upotreba sile i terorizam
Get PDFThe author explores the main features of international public law –
the use of force and the right to self-defence in the light of terrorist acts. The
main point is that terrorism itself is not the international public law notion. A
huge number of treaties and norms regulating terrorism in terms of
international public law regulate cooperation among states in suppression
and sanctions of terrorist acts. If an armed attack occurs creating a terrorist
attack, a state can apply its right to self-defence only if these acts can be
attributed to a state, either as acts of states de jure or de facto organs.Članak je posvećen proučavanju mesta terorizma u sistemu međunarodnog
javnog prava, s posebnim osvrtom na upotrebu sile i prava na samoodbranu.
Autor konstrukciju gradi na stavu da terorizam nije institut međunarodnog
javnog prava, tj. da su odnosi između subjekata međunarodnog javnog prava povodom terorizma izgrađeni isključivo radi koordinacije i kooperacije, a ne
uređenja ponašanja subjekata kao aktivnih činilaca u terorističkim aktima.
Ovakav polazni stav ima duboke posledice na pravo da se upotrebi sila i pravo
da se proklamuje pravo na samoodbranu. Autor gradi stav da upotreba sile i
samoodbrana mogu doći u obzir i u slučaju terorističkih akata, pri čemu u
takvoj situaciji teroristički akti menjaju svoju fizionomiju i postaju akti države,
kvalifikovani u smislu nekog drugog instituta međunarodnog javnog prava,
po opštim pravilima o odgovornosti kako direktne, tako i indirektne
Pregled rezultata teorijskih pristupa fononskom inženjeringu termodinamičkih osobina različitih kvantnih struktura
Get PDFApplication of nano-structures requires a knowledge of their fundamental physical (mechanical, electro-magnetic, optical, etc.) characteristics. Thermodynamic properties associated with phonon displacements through the nanosamples are particularly interesting. Independent of the type of lattices, the thermodynamics of their subsystems (electrons, excitons, spin waves, etc.) is determined when the subsystem is in thermodynamic equilibrium with phonons. Phonons are collective mechanical oscillations of molecules or atoms and represent the most important system of excitations. Besides, the acoustical characteristics as well as conductive and superconductive properties etc. could not be realistically explained without phonons. In this paper we will try to observe the difference between the characteristics of different nano-crystalline structures: ultrathin films, composite films, i.e. superlattices, nanorods and quantum dots, we were interested in whether the quantum size effects (quantum confinement), quantum (de)coherence and influence of boundary conditions, strengthen or weaken in nanosamples. Finally, this paper describes how the dimensional confinement of phonons in nanostructures leads to modifications in the electronic, optical, acoustic, superconducting and thermodynamic properties of quantum. Thermal properties of nanostructures have recently attracted a lot of attention. The influence of size effects on thermal conductivity is becoming extremely important for device design and reliability. On the basis of the calculated dispersion law and distribution of phonon states in nanoscopic crystals, free energy and entropy will be calculated. Internal energy as well as heat capacitance will also be analyzed.Primena naostruktura zhteva poznavanje njihovih osnovnih fizičkih (mehaničkih, elektromagnetnih, optičkih, itd.) karakteristika. Termodinamičke osobine su povezane sa ponašanjem fononskog podsistema koji uvek postoji. Fononi su kolektivne mehaničke oscilacije molekula ili atoma kristalne rešetke i predstavljaju najvažniji sistem ekscitacija u ovim strukturama.Nezavisno od tipa kristalne rešetke termodinamika njenih podsistema (elektrona, eksitona, spinskih talasa itd.) je određena kada je odgovarajući podsistem u termodinamičkoj ravnoteži sa fononima. Uloga fonona u nanostrukturama je značajnija nego u tzv. balk strukturama, posebno što je u nanostrukturama (filmovi, superrešetke, žice, tačke) kretanje fonona ograničeno u nekoliko dimenzija. Zbog ograničenosti dimenzija kod nanostruktura se javljaju novi efekti kao što je dimenziono kvantovanje, konfiniranje fonona itd. Uticaj graničnih uslova na zakon disperzije fonona dovodi do promene karakteristika termodinamičkih i transportnih osobina. Dakle, menjanjem graničnih uslova se može uticati na toplotne i transportne osobine ovih struktura, što se danas popularno naziva fononski inženjering. U radu su analizirani i upoređivani toplotni kapaciteti i koficijenti toplotne provodnosti (kao merljive veličine) za razne strukture, kako na niskim tako i na visokim temperaturama, kao i posledice na njihovu praktičnu primenu
Neke mogućnosti analize geoprostorne distribucije krivičnih dela u radu policije
Get PDFCrime does not occur randomly. It tends to concentrate at particular places for reasons that can be explained in relation to victim and offender interaction and the opportunities that exist to commit crime. If the police knew where crime is concentrated (where are the hotspots) resources could be directed in order to take proactive actions. In order to identify hotspots, spatial distributions of crimes should be examined. Patterns in data must be identified, and underlying (spatial) processes must be understood in order to be effective in crime prevention. This could be achieved using spatial analysis techniques. In cases where spatial distribution is not complex and visually overwhelming the simple 'eyeball method' should be sufficient. But in cases where spatial distribution of a large number of crimes (events) is present, the spatial statistics is needed. Spatial statistics help cut through some of the subjectivity to get more directly at spatial patterns, trends, processes, and relationships. Today, the most commercial GIS solutions already have more or less developed statistical capabilities. In cases where built-in GIS statistical capabilities are not sufficient to satisfy particular research need, they must be supplemented by specialized statistical software. An example of the usage of spatial statistics is shown on the practical example using commercial robberies dataset in one of Belgrade's municipalities. The crime distribution is assessed using centro graphic measures (mean center, center of minimum distance, standard deviation ellipse). Centro graphic measures allows us to visualize a complex spatial trend, how quickly the mean center moves, and where it moves, is there changes in dispersion and/or orientation of the crime distribution etc., providing valuable information about the spatial processes promoting this crime shifts. The level of clustering was assessed calculating nearest neighbor index and finally clusters (i.e. hotspots) were identified using kernel density tool. Kernel density maps provide a realistic and accurate image of the location and shape of the hot spot distribution. In order to achieve complete understanding of the dynamics of crime activity at the hot spots, the analysis of spatial distribution isn't enough. Spatial analysis should be accompanied with analysis of time distribution of crimes at hot spots. This paper concludes that spatial analysis and spatial statistics techniques must be used in everyday crime mapping efforts aimed to provide analytical support to police decision making from tactical to strategic level.Skup svih krivičnih dela na nekom geoprostoru formira određenu geoprostornu distribuciju. Ona nije slučajna već je u velikoj meri uslovljena karakteristikama geoprostora na kojem se manifestuje. Vršenje krivičnih dela podrazumeva postojanje pogodnih prilika, pri čemu niti su prilike podjednako distribuirane u geoprpostoru, niti su konstantne u vremenu. Tako su neki geoprostori ugroženi vršenjem krivičnih dela, dok su drugi manje ili više bezbedni. Ako bi policija poznavala ugrožena područja i objekte, mogla bi na te prostore da usmeri raspoložive resurse i da efikasnije proaktivno deluje. Odgovor na pitanje kakve su karakteristike geoprostorne distribucije krivičnih dela, gde se grupišu lokacije krivičnih dela (žarišta) i kakvi su odnosi geoprostorne distribucije krivičnih dela i drugih činilaca okruženja, moguće je dobiti vršenjem geoprostornih analiza. U radu se ukazuje na pojam i značaj geoprostorne analize, specifičnosti metoda statistike koje se koriste u radu sa geoprostornim podacima i na praktičnom primeru analize geoprostorne distribucije krivičnih dela pokazuju neke od njenih mogućnosti u policijskom radu
Criminal offences of murder : de lege lata and de lege ferenda
Get PDFNaziv rada u celini ukazuje na njegovu sadržinu. Ali to
nije sve. Autorka će se u svakom delu osvrnuti i na razmišljanja
profesora Ljubiše Lazarevića koji se još 2000. godine bavio ovom
temom i objavio rad pod nazivom „Ubistva u jugoslovenskom
krivičnom zakonodavstvu – de lege lata i de lege ferenda“. Rasprava
u ovom članku je podeljena u tri celine. Prva ukazuje na pravo na
život kao objekat krivičnopravne zaštite i u tom kontekstu autorka
ukazuje na društveni, pravni i kriminalno-politički značaj krivičnog
dela ubistva. Druga celina ukazuje na najznačajnije aspekte
pozitivnopravnih propisa, tj. regulative koja se odnosi na krivična
dela ubistva u našem krivičnom pravu. I konačno, treći deo, po svom
značaju dominantan, sadrži konkretne predloge de lege ferenda koji
se odnose na inkriminisanje ubistava.The title of the paper fully indicates its content. However,
that is not all. The author will also address considerations of Professor
Ljubiša Lazarević, who dealt with this topic in 2000 and published a
paper entitled “Murders in the Yugoslav Criminal Legislation – de
lege lata and de lege ferenda“. The paper is divided into three sections.
The first one points to the right to life as the subject of criminal law
protection, and in this regard, the author points at social, legal,
criminal and political significance of the criminal offence of murder.
The second section points to the most important aspects of legal
regulations that govern the criminal offences of murder in our
criminal law. Finally, the third section of the paper, the dominant one
given its significance, contains concrete suggestions de lege ferenda
related to the criminalization of murders
Зборник радова. Том 1 / Научно-стручни скуп са међународним учешћем Супротстављање савременим облицима криминалитета : анализа стања, европски стандарди и мере за унапређење, Тара, 26-29. мај 2015. године
Get PDFКриминалистичко-полицијска академија и Фондација „Ханс Зајдел”, уз подршку Министарства
унутрашњих
послова
Републике
Србије
и Министарства
просвете,
науке
и
технолошког
развоја
Републике
Србије,
организoвали
су
шести
научно-стручни
скуп
са
међународним
учешћем
„Супротстављање
савременим
облицима
криминалитета
– анализа
стања,
европски
стандарди
и мере
за
унапређење“.
Овај тематски зборник у три тома садржи 114 радова, чији су аутори еминентни стручњаци
из области права, безбедности, криминалистике, полицијских наука, форензике и информатике,
као и припадници
националног
система
безбедности
који
учествују
у едукацији
припадника
полиције,
војске
и других
служби
из Шпаније,
Украјине,
Немачке,
Словеније,
Пољске,
Турске,
Румуније,
Македоније,
Хрватске,
Босне
и Херцеговине,
Црне
Горе
и Србије.
Радови, које су рецензирали компетентни стручњаци, садрже приказ савремених
тенденција у развоју система полицијског образовања, савремених концепата безбедности
и криминалистике,
као и анализу
активности
правне
државе
у спречавању
и сузбијању
криминалитета,
стања
и кретања
у тим областима,
али
и предлоге
за
њихово
системско
превазилажење
у оквиру
међународне
полицијске
сарадње.
Зборник представља добру теоријску основу како за свестрано сагледавање проблема
супротстављања
савременим
облицима
криминалитета
тако
и за
даља
истраживања,
емпиријска
и теоријска,
која
тек
треба
да следе.
Захваљујемо ауторима и учесницима научно-стручног скупа са међународним учешћем
„Супротстављање савременим облицима криминалитета – анализа стања, европски стандарди
и мере
за
унапређење“,
Министарству
унутрашњих
послова
Републике
Србије,
Министарству
просвете,
науке
и технолошког
развоја
Републике
Србије,
као
и Фондацији
„Ханс
Зајдел”
за
дугогодишњу
и плодоносну
сарадњу
Informaciono-bezbednosna kultura - imperativ savremenog društva
Get PDFThe importance of building information-security culture of each society has become a well-established idea. The aim of such a culture is the impact on different human behaviors that may affect the overall results of protection of information assets. The authors believe that culture is the 'key' of the information security. Extensive review and analysis of the information security literature have come to the conclusion that the collective consciousness about the use and protection in the field of contemporary forms of crime is very low. In this sense, the goal of this paper is that the examination of information security culture from the standpoint of best practices, support the view that knowledge and education play an important role in building a secure environment with a special emphasis on raising awareness of end-users about the need and importance of data protection, information and knowledge.Značaj izgradnje informaciono-bezbednosne kulture svakog društva postala je dobro utemeljena ideja. Cilj takve kulture je uticaj na različita ljudska ponašanja koja se mogu odraziti na ukupne rezultate zaštite informacione imovine. Autori rada smatraju da je kultura 'ključ' informacione bezbednosti. Obimnim pregledom i analizom literature o informacionoj bezbednosti došlo se do zaključka da je kolektivna svest o upotrebi informacionih tehnologija i zaštiti u domenu savremenih oblika kriminaliteta na veoma niskom nivou. U tom smislu, cilj rada je da se, razmatranjem informaciono- bezbednosne kulture sa stanovišta najbolje prakse, podrži stav da znanje i obrazovanje igraju važnu ulogu u izgradnji bezbednog ambijenta sa posebnim akcentom na podizanju svesti krajnjih korisnika o potrebi i važnosti zaštite podataka, informacija i znanja
Optimizacija modela malih bespilotnih letelica za potrebe policije
Get PDFPolice activities related to performing high risk tasks such as arresting dangerous criminals, resolving hostage situations, neutralization of terrorist groups, extradition, VIP protection and protection of facilities of great importance, restoring public order, protection and rescuing persons and assets in natural and technical disasters, and other special security assignments all call for effective and efficient decision-making, which depends on prompt and accurate geospatial data in real time. Small unmanned aerial vehicles are one of the means of securing the required data. The paper therefore offers theoretic delineation, areas of implementation, conceptual solutions, comparative analyses of tactical-technical characteristics and tendencies of further development of small unmanned aerial vehicles, followed by a proposal as to how to optimize them for police purposes. This implies the use of vehicles which are available within the national capacities both within the public and the private sectors. The paper emphasises the need for the police to show greater interest in the presented technology of the future which encompasses all state-of-the-art achievements of aeronautics, robotics and electronics, but it also stresses that members of organised crime gangs and terrorist groups have been taking a keen interest in the unthought-of possibilities brought about by this technology.Policijsko postupanje u visoko rizičnim zadacima kao što su hapšenje opasnih kriminalaca, rešavanje talačkih situacija, neutralisanje terorističkih grupa, ekstradicija, obezbeđenje štićenih ličnosti i objekata od posebnog značaja, uspostavljanje narušenog javnog reda, zaštita i spasavanje ljudi i materijalnih dobara od prirodnih i tehničkih opasnosti i drugi posebni bezbednosni zadaci, zahtevaju hitno donošenje efektivnih i efikasnih odluka koje, između ostalog, zavise od brzih i tačnih podataka o geoprostoru u realnom vremenu. Jedna od svrsishodnih mogućnosti obezbeđenja navedenih podataka su upravo male bespilotne letelice. S tim u vezi, u radu je pored pojmovnog razgraničenja, oblasti primene, konceptualnih rešenja, uporedne analize taktičko-tehničkih karakteristika i tendencija daljeg razvoja malih bespilotnih letelica, data njihova optimizacija za potrebe policije, i to letelica koje su dostupne u okviru nacionalnog kapaciteta - državnog i privatnog sektora. U radu je posebno apostrofirana potreba za većim interesovanjem policije za prezentovanu tehnologiju budućnosti, koja uključuje sva moderna dostignuća aeronautike, robotike i elektronike, ali i permanentno i sve veće interesovanje pripadnika organizovanog kriminala i terorističkih organizacija za njene velike mogućnosti
Contemporary problems in experiments, theory and application of interest in ecology with lasers in laboratory and remote detection
No full textMultiple sensor systems and applications in ecology deserve multidisciplinary approach. Concerning laser implementation in monitoring, main parameters and processes have to be chosen in description of object of interest. The purpose of this paper is to underline the links and usability of scattering matrices in the description of biological objects (cells, nuclei, bacteria, etc). Light scattering processes are unavoidable in application and measurements, based on laser systems. Depending on the measurement systems, angular scattering and differential cross sections carry valuable information, and measurements should confirm chosen simplifications from theory. Shape recognition, size and chemical content could be certainly of interest in one part of ecological monitoring (water). Thermal imaging of objects depends on emissivity (water, ground, etc.) and some simplifications of derived cases are added to the previous