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Увод у студије безбедности : методолошко-истраживачке и теоријске основе безбедности
No full textЕдиција Asphaleia ; књ.
Krađe ikona
Get PDFThe paper first considers certain issues related to the Orthodox icons, and points out to their specific features that differentiate them in relation to any other religious picture. As a hallmark of Orthodox religion, icons represent the artistic expression of theology and service of the Church, whose nature and meaning were defined at the Seventh Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (787 A.D.). The paper also considers the conflict between iconoclasts and iconodules based on different interpretations of the Christological dogma, which ended in the rejection of iconoclasm and definition of the Byzantine concept of image. According to the words of Saint Basil the Great, the one who stands before an icon, worships it in a way that the honour paid to the icon passes to the archetype. The art of icon painting experienced its golden age in Russia in the period from XIV to XVI century, while in XVII century perception of icons underwent a change, when the difference between the icon as a liturgical object and secular image became smaller. This break with tradition was especially noticeable during the reign of Peter the Great and Catherine II, when in the Europeanized Russia iconography was replaced by salon style painting. The new interest of the Russian elite for iconography (emerged as a reaction to the official art) occurred at the end of XIX and early XX century, when the first private collections of icons were created. In this period, Russian icons began penetrating the world of Western culture, which was particularly facilitated by the Russian emigration from the Soviet Russia, as well as the exhibitions of Russian icons organized abroad. Over time, icons became highly demanded among collectors in the West. On the market, they received the commodity value (the same as any other work of art). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, about fifty criminal groups were active in Western Europe, which were involved in art crime. In Germany, the USA, Italy, Israel, France and Great Britain, antique shops specialized in antique Russian icons trade were opened. When their auction value began to rise, icons became object of interest of the Russian mafia. In the third part of the paper, the current situation in Russia, Cyprus and Serbia was analysed.Autor u članku analizira prirodu i smisao pravoslavne ikone, njen značaj u crkvenoj umetnosti, kao i razloge zbog kojih je ona na Zapadu postala jedan od najtraženijih kolekcionarskih predmeta. Smisao i sadržaj ikone definisani su na Sedmom vaseljenskom saboru u Nikeji, koji je odbacio ikonoborstvo i definisao vizantijsku koncepciju slike. Rusija je uz hrišćanstvo od Vizantije dobila oformljenu ikonu kao i učenje o njoj. Ikona je postala glavni izraz ruskog pravoslavlja, ušavši duboko u narodni život. Umetnost ikone doživela je svoje zlatno doba u periodu od XIV do XVI veka. U XVII veku, pod uticajem evropskih estetičkih ideja, u ikonopis prodire zapadni manir slikanja i razlika između ikone kao sakralnog objekta i svetovne slike postaje sve manja. Ovaj prekid s tradicijom starog ruskog ikonopisa posebno je vidljiv u vreme Petra Velikog i Katarine II, kada u evropeizovanoj Rusiji ikonopis zamenjuje salonsko slikarstvo. Posle tri veka zaborava, ikona je ponovo otkrivena u Rusiji krajem XIX veka, a potom i na Zapadu, koji će je neretko vrednovati s estetičkih pozicija. Početkom XX veka, usled odsustva kontrole, kulturne vrednosti iz Rusije počele su da se raznose po Evropi i Americi. Ikone su dobile tržišnu vrednost, kao i sva druga umetnička dela. Kada je njihova aukcijska vrednost počela naglo da raste, postale su predmet interesovanja ruske mafije. Devedesetih godina XX veka ruske tajne službe potvrdile su da je u 95% slučajeva nelegalne trgovine ikonama umešan organizovan kriminal. U radu je predstavljeno aktuelno stanje u Rusiji, na Kipru i u Srbiji
Znanstvena izhodišča, zanesljivost in veljavnost tehnik za ugotavljanje besednega zavajanja
No full textThe paper focuses on a comparison of three techniques mostly used for verbal detection of deceit. Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) is considered a scientifically grounded, standardized, empirically tested, valid and reliable technique for veracity detection of witnesses' and victims' accounts. Similar conclusions may be drawn for Reality Monitoring (RM) techniques, which have a comparable accuracy of 70% in making decisions about the veracity of analysed accounts, but it is considered less standardized. In comparison to the RM, which is not well tested in the context of crime investigations, the CBCA is a more time-consuming and professionally demanding procedure. Contrary to previously mentioned techniques, the Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN) is considered as a pseudoscientific procedure without sound scientific grounding, relying on uncorroborated assumptions by its proponents. It is an unstandardized technique, results of which are influenced by the subjectivity of interrogators affect in the results. Research shows that the SCAN technique is ineffective in detecting deceit, and furthermore, decisions made by practitioners are under the influence of their expectations and previously gained knowledge about a suspect. Criminal investigators should therefore be discouraged from using the SCAN technique due to its ineffectiveness. The technique also leads to chance guessing about deception of suspects and therefore, to unjustified exclusion of guilty suspects and to unjustified accusations of innocent suspects. In contrast, the CBCA and the RM are 70% accuracy, snf useful in criminal investigation; however, it should be emphasized that their results may have an indicative value for criminal investigators but no evidence value due to their deficiencies
Evaluation of knowledge in Object Oriented Programming course with computer adaptive tests
No full textThis paper presents and analyzes the results of the application of computer-adaptive testing in knowledge evaluation of the programming language C++. The participants of the research were college students majoring in computer engineering from a polytechnic college (Republic of Serbia) with an average age of 20. The research was conducted over a two-year period. Overall 199 students took part in this research. Two groups of students, the experimental, and the control one were observed. The students in the experimental group took the computer adaptive test and the students from the control group did the paper-and-pencil test. For the purposes of determining the effects of applying the computer adaptive test for knowledge evaluation, the adaptive test was realized in the MATLAB software package. The test consists of multiple choice questions with five possible answers. The questions for the test are divided into three clusters according to the level of difficulty (easy, medium and hard). The score is calculated from the level of difficulty. The difficult questions earn more points than the easy ones. The examinees may answer the same percentage of questions correctly, but an examinee will gain a better score assuming they correctly answered more difficult items. The results of the research show that there is a statistically significant difference between the results of the control and experimental group. The students who worked on a computer-adaptive test achieved a higher average score than the students who did the traditional test
Marital status of citizens and floods: Citizen preparedness for response to natural disasters
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of quantitative research into the influence of marital status on citizen preparedness for response to natural disaster caused by flood in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of such research is a scientific explanation of relationship between marital status and preparedness. In order to realize research, nineteen communities were randomly selected in which 2,500 persons were surveyed, in 2015. On that occasion, households were questioned using the multi-stage random sample. The research results suggest that married would in the highest percentage give money to help flood victims, long-lasting rains make them to think about preparedness for floods, they know what flood is, they are familiar with viruses and infections that accompany the period during and after the flood, they know where in local community elders, disabled and infants live, they know safety procedures for responding during floods, they would evacuate to a friend’s place. On the other side, divorced citizens in the lowest percentage take preventive measures to reduce tangible consequences caused by floods, they are not yet prepared, but will start preparing next month, they know what flood is, they would evacuate to the upper floors of the house, say that someone at primary/secondary school and within family educated them on floods, they know what to do after an official warning about approach of flood, they got information about floods at faculty, through informal education and through media. The research results can be used in designing strategies and campaigns aimed to raise the level of preparedness of citizens with regard to their marital status
Influence of income level on citizen preparedness for response to natural disasters
Get PDFThe aim of quantitative research is to examine the influence of income level on the citizen preparedness for response to a natural disaster caused by flood in the Republic of Serbia. Bearing in mind all local communities in Serbia where occurred or there is a high risk of flood occurrence, nineteen of 150 municipalities and 23 cities and the city of Belgrade were randomly chosen. In selected communities the research was performed in those areas that were most affected in relation to the water level or potential risk. The survey applied test strategy in households with the use of a multi-stage random sample. The research results indicated that the citizens who had income above RSD 90,000 at the household level, in a higher percentage took preventive measures, they know what floods are and know the safety procedures. On the other hand, citizens who have income below RSD 25,000 are not yet prepared, or intend to take certain measures in the next 6 months. The originality of the research stems from the fact of unexamined influence of income level on citizen preparedness. The research results can be used when creating strategies to improve the preparedness of citizens for response. The originality of the research is reflected in the fact that Serbia has not examined the influence of income level on preparedness of citizens to respond. The results can be used when creating a strategy to improve the level of citizen preparedness for response with regard to the level of citizen incomes
Status eksperata u krivičnom postupku u Republici Srbiji
Get PDFThe growing use of forensic science in criminalistics resulted, in practice, in the need that the parties in criminal procedure, particularly the defendant and the injured party (acting as a prosecutor), increasingly hire experts as consultants. With the introduction of the concept of prosecutorial and police investigations in criminal procedure in the Republic of Serbia, it is evident that assistance based on the knowledge from different fields and disciplines of science, technology, arts or crafts is essential to the public prosecutor. There is also no doubt that the subsidiary prosecutor, defense counsel and the defendant increasingly needed such assistance. The amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code introduced the concept of an expert advisor. Modeled after similar solutions in comparative law, the expert advisor has wider options when it comes to helping the parties in the proceedings. Participation of expert advisors can realistically contribute to the quality of professional expertise in court proceedings, in order not to miss important details relevant to the proceedings as a whole. In this paper, the authors deal with the status of experts in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Serbia. The form and content of their expert assistance deserves further analytical analysis and critical examination.Sve izraženija primena forenzičkih disciplina u kriminalistici rezultirala je potrebom da krivično-procesne stranke, a naročito okrivljeni i oštećeni kao tužilac, u praksi sve češće angažuju stručna lica kao konsultante. Sa uvođenjem tužilačko-policijskog koncepta istrage u krivičnu proceduru u Republici Srbiji Srbiji, evidentno je da se pomoć bazirana na poznavanju različitih struka i disciplina nauke, tehnike, umetnosti ili zanata ne može poreći ni javnom tužiocu. Nesporno je, takođe, da je takva pomoć sve potrebnija i oštećenom kao tužiocu, braniocu i okrivljenom. Izmenama Zakonika o krivičnom postupku (2014) uvodi se stručni savetnik koji po ugledu na slična rešenja u uporednom pravu ima šire mogućnosti kada je u pitanju pomoć stranci. Učešće stručnog savetnika realno može doprineti da veštačenje bude temeljnije obavljeno, tj. da ne promaknu važni detalji od značaja za postupak u celini. U ovom radu autori se bave statusom stručnih lica u krivičnom postupku čija forma i sadržina pružanja stručne pomoći zaslužuju dodatno analitičko sagledavanje i kritičko preispitivanje
Razmena informacija - preduslov uspešne saradnje u suprotstavljanju organizovanom kriminalu
Get PDFThe contemporary social conditions increasingly enable the development of transnational organized crime. Considering this fact a global response is required, or rather the development of general strategies of international character. The authors of the paper discuss certain, i.e. the most dangerous forms of organized crime which are present in Serbia as well as in the entire international community. Also, in order to make investigations and prosecutions easier, it is necessary to develop cooperation. Information exchange, as well as exchange of intelligence and evidence collecting data is a prerequisite for improving safety. Timely access to the relevant and objective information is a key element for successful detection, prevention and proving criminal offenses. Enhancing the co-operation, defining the legal framework and the establishing of technical possibilities, particularly with the handling of electronic, digital evidence, effective and timely compliance with requests for mutual legal assistance are prerequisites for success.Savremeni društveni uslovi sve više omogućavaju razvoj transnacionalnog organizovanog kriminala. S tim u vezi, potreban je globalni odgovor ili, bolje rečeno, razvoj generalnih strategija međunarodnog karaktera. Autori se u radu osvrću na pojedine, najopasnije oblike organizovanog kriminala koji su prisutni kako u Srbiji tako i u čitavoj međunarodnoj zajednici. Takođe, da bi se olakšale istrage i krivična gonjenja, neophodno je razvijati saradnju. Razmena informacija, obaveštajnih i dokaznih podataka preduslov je za poboljšanje bezbednosti. Blagovremen pristup relevantim i objektivnim informacijama ključni je element za uspešno otkrivanje, sprečavanje i dokazivanje krivičnih dela. Unapređenje saradnje, definisanje pravnih okvira i uspostavljanje tehničkih mogućnosti, naročito za rukovanje elektronskim, digitalnim dokazima, i efikasno i blagovremeno postupanje u skladu sa zahtevima za uzajamnu pravnu pomoć - preduslovi su za uspeh
Intelligent Agents and Game-Based Learning Modules in a Learning Management System
No full textMany researchers have taken a great deal of effort to promote high quality game-based learning applications, such as educational games, animations, simulations, animated or interactive simulation mechanisms in learning management system (LMS), and so on. The Bloom's taxonomy strategy was successfully implemented as effective gaming model in two different game-based learning applications (puzzle and platformer games) that motivate and actively engage college students in order to make learning process more enjoyable. During using the game-based modules in LMS Moodle, special attention was paid both to the integration of game-play aspects and the relationship between learning styles and game genres. In this paper we shall describe the proposed approach and introduce an adaptation and personalization of player as student model based on game genres. We have analyzed learning styles and teaching strategies that match the game features which resulted in embedding the analysis personalization and teaching strategies into the game. This article presents the effectiveness of agent-based approach in teaching strategies of Moodle gaming education resources
Zakon o policiji Republike Srbije od 2016. godine - kritički pogled
Get PDFDespite the prevailing view to the contrary, the Police Act of 2016 cannot be said to be a completely new law in the material sense. The manner in which it regulates the major concepts and institutions suggests that it is an amended and supplemented version of the Police Act of2005. The actual reasons for the enactment of the 'new ' law concern the legal employment status of employees of the Ministry of Interior, as well as the reduction of the internal affairs staff. The greatest expectations from the Act are in the part relating to the police staff management, monitoring of employees ' career development, through performance assessment, professional development and other trainings. Although with nomotechnic and editorial shortages, the Police Act, basically, represents an effective legal framework for the performance of, primarily, policing and other related duties.Premda preovladava drugačije stanovište, za Zakon o policiji iz 2016. godine se ne može reći da je, u materijalnom smislu, u potpunosti nov zakon. Način uređivanja najznačajnijih pojmova i instituta sugeriše da je reč o donekle izmenjenoj i dopunjenoj verziji Zakona o policiji iz 2005. godine. Pravi razlozi donošenja 'novog' zakona tiču se radno-pravnog položaja zaposlenih u Ministarstvu, kao i redukcije kadrova u oblasti unutrašnjih poslova. Najveća očekivanja od Zakona su u delu koji se odnosi na upravljanje kadrovima u policiji, praćenje karijernog razvoja zaposlenih, kroz ocenjivanje rezultata rada, stručno usavršavanje i druge obuke. Iako nomotehnički i redaktorski manjkav, Zakon o policiji, u osnovi, predstavlja delotvoran pravni okvir za obavljanje pre svega policijskih i sa njima povezanih drugih poslova