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Specifičnosti hitne psihološke pomoći u kriznim, vanrednim i ekstremnim situacijama
Get PDFThe goal of the presented research is to examine the extent to which firefighters- rescuers in Serbia believe it is beneficial to talk to a psychologist after interventions involving killed or seriously injured people. The used method of research is an anonymous survey of members of professional fire and rescue units by questionnaire, which was approved by the Sector for Emergency Management. During the interview, the participants completed the questionnaire in order to better understand their attitudes, opinions and motivations. The sample consisted of 307 professional firefighters-rescuers in fire-rescue units on the territory of Serbia. Research results indicate that more than half of the respondents found that, after critical interventions, they would benefit from talking to a psychologist. The differences were observed in the age structure of the firefighters-rescuers and their professional experience. The older members of these units and those with longer professional experience express a greater need to organize this kind of help. Conclusions of the research confirm that the firefighters-rescuers are confronted with the demands that often exceed their ability to successfully cope with stressful situations and therefore need psychological help.U radu su predstavljeni ciljevi i obim hitne psihološke pomoći, kao i principi pružanja psihološke pomoći u vanrednim i ekstremnim situacijama. Hitna psihološka pomoć umanjuje dramatičnost određenih događaja pošto ova vrsta pomoći podrazumeva primenu metoda u cilju pružanja trenutne i kratkotrajne pomoći pojedincima koji su proživeli događaj koji je prouzrokovao emocionalne, kognitivne, telesne i ponašajne probleme. Cilj istraživanja opisanog u radu bio je ispitati u kojoj meri vatrogasci-spasioci u Srbiji smatraju da je korisno, nakon intervencija u kojima ima stradalih ili teško povređenih, razgovarati sa psihologom. Korišćena metoda istraživanja je anonimno anketiranje profesionalnih pripadnika vatrogasno-spasilačkih jedinica anketnim listićem koji je odobrio Sektor za vanredne situacije. Prilikom anketiranja sa učesnicima je obavljen i razgovor kako bi se bolje razumeli njihovi stavovi, mišljenja i motivi. Uzorak istraživanja čini 307 profesionalnih vatrogasaca-spasilaca u vatrogasno-spasilačkim jedinicama na teritoriji Srbije. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da se više od polovine ispitanika izjasnilo da bi bilo korisno da nakon kritičnih intervencija razgovaraju sa psihologom. Zabeležene su razlike na osnovu starosne strukture vatrogasaca-spasilaca i njihovog profesionalnog iskustva. Stariji pripadnici ovih jedinica i oni sa većim profesionalnim stažom izražavaju veću potrebu za organizovanjem ovakve vrste pomoći. Zaključak istraživanja utvrđuje da se pred vatrogasce-spasioce postavljaju zahtevi koji često prevazilaze njihove sposobnosti za uspešno nošenje sa stresnim situacijama pri čemu im je nužna psihološka pomoć
Socio-demographic characteristics of violent fan groups at football matches
No full textThe main objective of the research was to study the most important socio-demographic characteristics of violent fan groups at football matches, as well as criminal activities of their members. The authors in the paper have used data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Serbia, especially originating from Novi Sad Police Department, and from the Section of monitoring violence and misbehavior at sports events, which included a total of 139 members, 18 fan groups, aged 16-40 years. The research results show that in the overall structure of registered members of fan groups, the largest share of adults as well as young adults, who are recruited from families with unfavorable socio-economic status. In terms of other socio-demographic characteristics, the survey results show that members of the fan groups in the highest percentage have finished high school, and that they were unemployed, unmarried and gravitate from the city and partially from suburban areas. In view of their delinquent activities, predominantly author have found crimes against property and crimes and offenses, which is characterized by a particular method of execution that is dominated by violence and the use of various explosive devices
Some aspects of the application of benford’s law in the analysis of the data set anomalies
No full textIn this chapter the contemporary generally accepted theoretical analysis and assumptions regarding the implementation of Benford’s Law are presented. It seems interesting to introduce the perspective to Benford’s Law as a consequence of the universal law of nature stating that nature strives for the maximum entropy or disorder, as well as the perspective in which Benford’s Law, aspires to find its place in the contemporary theory of everything in nature. The implementation of this law in the analysis of the anomalies in some numerical data in various scientific disciplines is also part of this article. The incorrect numerical data that describes the specific occurrence can be the consequence of an unintentional error in the formation of the numerical data (as a consequence of bad design of an experiment, the imperfections of the detection of the numerical data, a badly set up model of some process that generates the set of numerical data, etc.), but also the consequence of intentional abuse. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, we determine the average values and standard deviation of the relative frequency of the first type error for the Mean Absolute Deviation test and for the Pearson X2 test of Benford’s Law, for the first digit, and the first two digits and we determine the acceptable length of series for the application of these tests, in the context of acceptable first type errors. We make the practical implementation of Benford’s Law by testing it on the data gathered from the International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database. We use two groups of data. The first group is the data regarding the Gross domestic product and the other group comprises the Current Account Balances for the 184 countries in the period from 1980 to 2016. The specific perspective provided in this chapter regards the implementation of this law in the forensic analysis of frauds, especially in the analysis of the numerical data that describes various sociological, econometrical and financial irregularities. We show how the mutual usage of Benford’s Law and specific laws of mathematical statistics, successfully detect potential irregularities in the numerical data and advances the forensic analyst’s potential fraud detection in this area
Oduzimanje ili oporezivanje nezakonito stečenih prihoda - primer prodaje droge
Get PDFThe criminal offence of tax evasion is most frequently perpetrated by giving false data on the acquired income and failure to report acquired incomes, as defined in our criminal legislation. A linguistic analysis of the Criminal Code provision which defines this offence can lead to a conclusion that the income subject to taxation can be obtained either lawfully or unlawfully since the legislator does not take a stand regarding this issue. Namely, the 2016 amendments to the Criminal Code deleted the term 'legal' from the legal description of the criminal offence of tax evasion. However, this does not mean that the incomes acquired unlawfully can be subject to taxation, as the paper elaborates in detail. The author explores jurisprudence regarding the imposition of the security measure of the seizure of objects and the measure of seizure material gains in criminal matters related to the criminal offence of illegal production and circulation of narcotic as per Article 246 of the CC. In this way, we shall establish whether these measures are effectively implemented and whether they allow for seizing the incomes obtained from drug trafficking. A portion of this paper will be dedicated to the reasons for and against taxation of illegally obtained revenues. In addressing this problem, the author shall rely on the US practice, wherein proceeds from unlawful sources are subject to taxation.Krivično delo poreska utaja se najčešće ostvaruje davanjem lažnih podataka o stečenim prihodima i neprijavljivanjem stečenih prihoda, proizlazi iz našeg krivičnog zakonodavstva. Gramatičkim tumačenjem odredbe krivičnog zakonika koja propisuje ovo krivično delo može se zaključiti da prihodi koji se oporezuju mogu biti stečeni na zakonit i nezakonit način, jer se zakonodavac ne izjašnjava u pogledu ovog problema. Naime, izmenama i dopunama krivičnog zakonodavstva iz 2016. godine iz zakonskog opisa krivičnog dela poreska utaja brisana je reč 'zakonito'. Međutim, to ne znači da se mogu oporezovati nezakonito stečeni prihodi, što će u radu biti detaljno obrazloženo. Izvršićemo istraživanje sudske prakse u pogledu izricanja mere bezbednosti oduzimanje predmeta i mere oduzimanja imovinske koristi u krivičnim stvarima koje se odnose na krivično delo neovlašćena proizvodnja i stavljanje u promet opojnih droga iz člana 246 KZ. Na taj način ćemo utvrditi da li se efikasno primenjuju ove mere i da li se ovim merama mogu oduzeti prihodi koji su stečeni prodajom droge. Deo rada biće posvećen razlozima koji govore u prilog i protiv oporezivanja nezakonito stečenih prihoda. U razmatranju ovog problema autor će se osloniti na iskustva SAD koje oporezuju nezakonito stečene prihode
Attitudes regarding the national forensic DNA database: Survey data from the general public, prison inmates and prosecutors' offices in the Republic of Serbia
Get PDFWorldwide, the establishment of national forensic DNA databases has transformed personal identification in the criminal justice system over the past two decades. It has also stimulated much debate centering on ethical issues, human rights, individual privacy, lack of safeguards and other standards. Therefore, a balance between effectiveness and intrusiveness of a national DNA repository is an imperative and needs to be achieved through a suitable legal framework. On its path to the European Union (EU), the Republic of Serbia is required to harmonize its national policies and legislation with the EU. Specifically, Chapter 24 of the EU acquis communautaire (Justice, Freedom and Security) stipulates the compulsory creation of a forensic DNA registry and adoption of corresponding legislation. This process is expected to occur in 2016. Thus, in light of launching the national DNA database, the goal of this work is to instigate a consultation with the Serbian public regarding their views on various aspects of the forensic DNA databank. Importantly, this study specifically assessed the opinions of distinct categories of citizens, including the general public, the prosecutors' offices staff, prisoners, prison guards, and students majoring in criminalistics. Our findings set a baseline for Serbian attitudes towards DNA databank custody, DNA sample and profile inclusion and retention criteria, ethical issues and concerns. Furthermore, results clearly demonstrate a permissive outlook of the respondents who are professional "beneficiaries" of genetic profiling and a restrictive position taken by the respondents whose genetic material has been acquired by the government. We believe that this opinion poll will be essential in discussions regarding a national DNA database, as well as in motivating further research on the reasons behind the observed views and subsequent development of educational strategies. All of these are, in turn, expected to aid the creation of suitable legislation and to increase societal confidence that the repository will be used in the legal system without interference with individual rights and freedoms
Diffusion of phonons through (along and across) the ultrathin crystalline films
Get PDFInstead of usual approach, applying displacement-displacement Green's functions, the momentum-momentum Green's functions will be used to calculate the diffusion tensor. With this type of Green's function we have calculated and analyzed dispersion law in film-structures. A small number of phonon energy levels along the direction of boundary surfaces joint of the film are discrete-ones and in this case standing waves could occur. This is consequence of quantum size effects. These Green's functions enter into Kubo's formula defining diffusion properties of the system and possible heat transfer direction through observed structures. Calculation of the diffusion tensor for phonons in film structure requires solving of the system of difference equations. Boundary conditions are included into mentioned system through the Hamiltonian of the film-structure. It has been shown that the diagonal elements of the diffusion tensor express discrete behavior of the dispersion law of elementary excitations. More important result is that they are temperature independent and that their values are much higher comparing with bulk structures. This result favors better heat conduction of the film, but in direction which is perpendicular to boundary film surface. In the same time this significantly favors appearance 2D superconducting surfaces inside the ultra-thin crystal structure, which are parallel to the boundary surface.This is the peer-reviewed version of the article: Šetrajčić, Jovan P., Stevo Jaćimovski, and Siniša M. Vučenović. 2017. ‘Diffusion of Phonons through (along and across) the Ultrathin Crystalline Films’. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 486: 839–48. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2017.06.003
Ne bis in idem principle in the practice of the Constitutional Court of Serbia
Get PDFThe European Court of Human Rights disregards the authenticity of those legal systems which protect various values with various categories of criminal offences. This sets new tasks to our legislator regarding the amendments to legal solutions. It should be careful though, since as regards interpretation whether there is “the same offence”, the European Court of Human Rights can also be given numerous remarks. Namely, it has also been changing its practice. On the other hand, an authentic concept has existed in criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia for many years of multidegree, multiple culpability expressed in Article 63, paragraph 3 of the Criminal Code. In this paper the authors analyse the practice of the Constitutional Court of Serbia and the European Court of Human Rights. In concluding remarks the authors set out two guidelines of the Constitutional Court. Namely, the Constitutional Court points out, with good reason, first that inexistence of clear demarcation between criminal offences and misdemeanours in Serbian legislation must not lead to a situation in court practice that res iudicata in misdemeanour proceedings represents an obstacle for prosecution of criminal offenders. Second, the Constitutional Court is of the opinion that misdemeanour courts must be limited to determining those facts which make the specific element of a misdemeanour and to leave to criminal courts to determine the facts relevant for the existence of a criminal offence. Actually, in the opinion of the authors, these guidelines of the Constitutional Court are directed at those authorized to file motions for initiation of misdemeanour proceedings
Public place as a specific element of violation of the Law on Public Peace and Order
Get PDFПравно-политичке поставке тј. концепт новог Закона о јавном реду и миру у великој мери може да пружи одговор
о циљевима који су се желели постићи. Законодавац је прецизним дефинисањем појмова који се појављују у закону несумњиво желео да смањи екстензивно тумачење прекршаја јавног реда
и мира и самим тим да државне органе (полицију) растерети од
гоњења учинилаца противправних деликата који нису учињени на јавном месту. Међутим, појављују се нека спорна питања.
Првенствено да ли је доношењем оваквог прописа ослабљена
заштита жртава противправних понашања која су предвиђена
овим законом ако нису учињени на јавном месту. Затим, да ли
одређена очигледно неморална понашања ако нису учињена
на јавном месту постају дозвољена и за друштво прихватљива
(нпр. пружање сексуалних услуга за материјалну корист). Такође, да ли је државним органима, првенствено јавном тужилаштву и полицији, на овај начин онемогућено да одређена дела
која се могу посматрати и као кривично дело и прекршај (нпр.
неки начини чињења основног облика насиља у породици и сл.)
гоне прекршајно, што је иначе била пракса у многим деловима
наше државеLegal-political postulates or the concept of the new Law
on Public Peace and Order can to great extent offer an answer on
the objectives desired to achieve. The legislator precisely defined the
concepts appearing in the law wishing without any doubt to reduce
extensive interpretation of violation of public peace and order and
thus decongest state authorities (police) from prosecuting offenders
of unlawful acts which have not been committed in a public place.
However, there are some disputed issues. First of all, there is a question of whether such a regulation weakened the protection of the
victims of unlawful acts which are set forth by this law if they are
not committed in a public place. Then, if not committed in a public place, do certain obviously immoral behaviours become lawful
and socially acceptable (for instance, rendering sexual services for
material gain)? Also, are the state authorities, primarily prosecution
and police, disabled in this way to prosecute certain acts which can
be considered as both criminal offence and misdemeanour (for instance, some manners of perpetrating basic forms of domestic violence, and similar), which used to be the practice in many parts of
our country
Effectivness of the School Police Officer Program
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to determine the effects of the “School policeman” program that is being implemented in the Republic of Serbia on safety in schools. Data on crime in schools from the official police evidence as well as attitudes collected during the survey of 572 members of school staff are analysed in the paper. The data on crime, based on the results of two-factor analysis of variance, are used to indicate the change of frequency in the number of crimes under the influence of activities of the school policeman. On the other hand, the surveyed respondents stated their opinion on perception of their own safety before and after the school policeman was engaged, as well as the effectiveness of his activities. There has been a significant increase in number of criminal offences in schools in which the school policeman was engaged. Nevertheless, a very high percentage of the surveyed respondents declared that they felt safer after the school policeman had been engaged in schools. There has been no studies that dealt with real effects of police officers’ activities in schools in Serbia and wider so far. This paper, based on statistical data (objective indicators) and attitudes of school staff (subjective indicators), reveals that the “School policeman” program has achieved positive effects ensuring the increase of overall level of safety in schools