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Chitosan-based micropowders for the development of latent fingermarks – the effect of biopolymer concentration on powder properties
No full textDetection and enhancement of these marks nowadays is of a huge importance for law enforcement agencies in order to identify persons/offenders. Although commercial chemical and physical methods provide satisfying results on multiple surfaces (glass, wood, rubber surface, etc.), many surfaces still pose a great challenge (firearms, colored surfaces and fabrics, etc.), and not to mention their toxicity and detrimental effect to users. Thus, many research groups focus their efforts in constant improvement and development of already used methods and in preparation of new systems. Due to their specific properties, the polymeric materials, especially biopolymers, are drawing an incredible level of the attention, while experiencing the rapid growth in all areas of research and application. However, the application of these materials in the field of forensic science has not yet been sufficiently exploited and the scientific public is almost unaware of its potential in aforementioned forensic application. In this paper, conjugates based on chitosan were obtained by the precipitating method. The initial concentration of the biopolymer (biopolymer/crosslinker ration) was varied and their potential in detection and visualization of latent fingermarks was examined. The prepared micropowders were characterized by spectrophotometric and spectroscopy methods, while scanning electron microscopy confirmed the shape, size and uniformity of the obtained micropowders, as well as their ability to bind to the fingerprint residues. The results demonstrated that these bio-based micropreparations have potential for commercial development and could complement commercial powders in visualizing and enhancing latent fingermarks
Measures for prevention of domestic violence and for protection of victims in Serbia’s legal system with special reference to emergency measures
Get PDFOver the last two decades, combating domestic violence has been
one of our country’s main goals. Serbia is one of the 12 countries that have
ratified the Council of Europe Convention on Prevention and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (the Istanbul Convention) before
its entry into force on August 1, 2014, and as of June 1, 2017 the Law on the
Prevention of Domestic Violence (LPDV) has been used in Serbia, which was
adopted with the aim of regulating in a general and uniform manner the organization and conduct of state authorities and institutions, thereby enabling
the effective prevention of domestic violence and the prompt, timely and effective protection and support for victims of domestic violence. Prescribing
emergency measures has radically changed the way the victims of domestic
violence are protected. In this paper, we will explore and try to answer several
questions: what measures are available to state institutions to prevent violence
and protect victims; whether the competent authorities and institutions apply these measures and to what extent; whether it was necessary to introduce
urgent measures into our legal system and, finally, whether the activities to
combat domestic violence so far produce results, that is, whether this negative
social phenomenon is sufficiently suppressed
Cathepsin B: A sellsword of cancer progression
No full textClinical, biochemical and molecular biology studies have identified lysosome-encapsulated cellular proteases as critical risk factors for cancer progression. Cathepsins represent a group of such proteases aimed at maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, recent reports suggest that Cathepsin B executes other cellular programs such as controlling tumor growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases development. In fact, elevated levels of Cathepsins are found under different pathological conditions including inflammation, infection, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Furthermore, the discovery of Cathepsin B secretion and function as an extracellular matrix protein has broadened our appreciation for the impact of Cathepsin B on cancer progression. Underneath a façade of an intracellular protease with limited therapeutic potential hides a central role of cathepsins in extracellular functions. Moreover, this role is incredibly diverse from one condition to the next – from driving caspase-dependent apoptosis to facilitating tumor neovascularization and metastasis. Here we discuss the role of Cathepsin B in the oncogenic process and perspective the use of Cathepsin B for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.Peer-reviwed manuscript: [http://jakov.kpu.edu.rs/handle/123456789/891
Tvrdoća i procena adhezije jednoslojnih i višeslojnih tankih filmova nikla elektrohemijski deponovanih na silicijumskim podlogama sa i bez ultrazvučnog mešanja
Get PDFComposite systems of monolayer and multilayer nickel films electrochemically deposited on single crystal (100)-oriented silicon wafers were fabricated with and without the ultrasonic agitation. The hardness and adhe-sion behaviour of these composite structures were characterized by Vickers microindentation test. The dependence of composite microhardness and film adhesion on the structure of the film and mixing conditions of electrolyte were analysed. Mathematical models of Chicot-Lesage and Chen-Gao were applied to experimental data in order to obtain the film hardness and adhesion parameter respectively. It is confirmed that the mechanical properties of composite systems of nickel thin films on silicon substrate can be enhanced by formation of multilayer film structure by ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition and by reducing the layer thickness in the multilayer film.Formirani su kompozitni sistemi od jednoslojnih i višeslojnih filmova nikla elektrohemijski deponovanih sa i bez ultrazvučnog mešanja na pločicama od monokristalnog silicijuma orijentacije (100). Tvrdoća i adhezija tih kompozitnih struktura su okarakterisane testom mikrotvrdoće po Vikersu. Analizirana je zavisnost mikrotvrdoće kompozita i adhezije filma od strukture filma i uslova mešanja elektrolita. Matematički modeli Šiko-Lezaža i Čen-Gaoa su primenjeni na eksperimentalne podatke kako bi se dobile vrednosti tvrdoće filma i parametra adhezije. Potvrđeno je da se mehanička svojstva kompozit-nih sistema sastavljenih od tankih filmova nikla na silicijumskoj podlozi mogu poboljšati formiranjem višeslojne strukture filmova, primenom ultrazvučnog mešanja pri elektrodepoziciji i smanjenjem debljine sloja u višeslojnom filmu
Геопросторни контекст криминалне активности у криминалистици
Get PDFКриминално понашање се манифестује на одређеној локацији која је саставни део ширег геопросторног миљеа, због чега се не може посматрати изоловано од окружења у којем настаје и у коме производи своје последице. Разумевање где и зашто се кривична дела врше може унапредити активности које се предузимају у циљу супротстављања криминалу. То потврђује низ емпиријских истраживања, која указују да избор објекта напада од стране учиниоца није случајан, већ је често узрокован, између осталог, и геопросторним чиниоцима. С тим у вези, у раду се указује на значај геопростора у обликовању криминалног понашања. Међутим, у криминалистичкој пракси још увек не постоји довољно знања и свести о томе како сагледавање геопросторног контекста може унапредити криминалистичке активности које се свакодневно предузимају у циљу супротстављања криминалу. У том смислу, његов информативни потенцијал остаје неискоришћен, а криминалистички рад недовољно ефикасан
Преступность в Краснодарском крае : состояние и прогноз
No full textВ монографии проанализированы факторы, влияющие на преступность в Краснодарском крае, дана оценка криминологических показателей отдельных видов преступлений (против личности, в сфере экономики, связанных с незаконным оборотом наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их аналогов, против безопасности движения и эксплуатации
транспорта, преступности несовершеннолетних, рецидивной, террористической и экстремистской преступности, преступности в сфере информационных технологий). Обобщены показатели раскрываемости преступлений и результаты судебной практики. Подготовлен научно обоснованный прогноз изменений преступности в Краснодарском крае.
Для сотрудников правоохранительных органов, профессорскопреподавательского состава, адъюнктов, аспирантов, курсантов, слушателей и студентов образовательных организаций юридического профиля
Geo-spatial and time distribution of criminal offenses in the Zrenjanin police office 2009-2018.
Get PDFРазбојништво представља једно од кривичних
дела са високим степеном опасности по живот и тело
оштећеног, а свакако најнасилније и најопасније из групе
имовинских кривичних дела. Разбојништво представља деликт
чији негативан утицај као и карактеристике учинилаца
приморавају целокупан систем безбедности да против овог
феномена делује проактивно. Једна од претпоставки успешног
деловања полиције против наведеног деликта јесте
геоинформациона (аналитичка) подршка одлучивању у планирању
и организовању свакодневних безбедносних задатака. У вези с
тим, у раду су презентоване могућности мапирања криминала уз
ослонац на ГИС технологије као један од сегмената полицијскообавештајног модела.
У раду су презентовани резултати истраживања
геопросторне и временске дистрибуције кривичног дела
разбојништва на територији Полицијске управе у Зрењанину,
који се огледају у идентификацији и анализи криминалних
жаришта („хот-спотова“), анализи услова и узрока настанка
третираног вида имовинског криминала, предвиђању његовог
будућег извршења и долажењу до информмација потребних за
осмишљавање и примену најефикаснијих превентивних, проактивних и репресивних криминалистичких мера. Примена
тако осмишљених мера нужно води ка ефективнијој и
ефикаснијој употреби расположивих полицијских ресурса.Robbery is a crime with a high level of life threat and
bodily harm to a damaged party, and certainly the most violent and
dangerous property crime. Robbery is a delict whose negative impact
as well as the characteristics of the perpetrators compel the whole
security system to act proactively against this phenomenon. One of the
preconditions for successful police action against this phenomenon is
geoinformational (analytical) decision-making support in planning
and organizing daily security tasks (GIS). In this regard, the paper
presents the possibilities of crime mapping based on GIS technologies
as a component of the Police Intelligence Model.
The obtained results of the study of geospatial and temporal
distribution of the robberies in the territory of Zrenjanin police
directorate are reflected in the identification and analysis of hotspots,
analysis of conditions and causes of the treated type of property crime,
prediction of its future manifestation and access to information needed
to design and implement the most effective preventive, proactive and repressive criminalistics measures. The implementation of these
measures necessarily leads to a more efficient and effective use of
available police resources
Psychosocial Assistance in Disasters
Get PDFУ ситуацијама катастрофа људски животи
бивају суштински измењени и погођени различитим последицама
– у смислу губитaка најближих, контроле над сопственим
животом, осећаја сигурности и наде. Јачина стресних реакција
разликује се међу појединцима и заједницама, па се тако разликују
и потребе за интервенцијама. Улога организација које се баве
заштитом и спасавањем јесте да пруже непосредну помоћ и
заштиту, али и психосоцијалну помоћ и подршку. Психосоцијална
помоћ је процес олакшавања опоравка појединаца, породице и
заједница од последица опасности и има кључну улогу у
интервенцијама које укључују велики број страдалог
становништва. Психосоцијална помоћ значи да у приступу особи
укључујемо две димензије које међусобно утичу једна на другу:
психичку (унутрашњи, емоционални и мисаони процеси, осећаји и
реакције појединца) и социјалну (односи с другим људима,
социјалне вредности и култура заједнице). Трећа димензија
подразумева прве помагаче – респондере. Стрес може иницирати
развој анксиозности, професионалног сагоревања, емоционалне
исцрпљености и других поремећаја здравља код припадника
спасилачких екипа. Имaјући у виду значај психосоцијалних
програма, подржана је њихова реализација у многим пројектима
и предлoжено је да психосоцијална брига постане интегрални део
хитног одговора и система заштите јавног здравља.In disaster situations, human lives are essentially altered and followed by different consequences – loss of loved ones, control over own life, feelings of safety and hope. The severity of stress
reactions differs among individuals and communities, and hence the
need for interventions. The role of the organizations dealing with protection and rescue is to provide first aid and protection, as well as specific psychosocial support. Psychosocial assistance is a process of relieving the recovery of individuals, families and communities from the
effects of dangers and plays a key role in interventions that involve
vast numbers of affected population. When approaching a person, psychosocial assistance implies including two interacting dimensions:
psychological (inner, emotional and thought processes, individual’s feelings) and social (relationships with other people, social values and
community culture). Furthermore, the third dimension implies the first
rescuers. Stress can initiate the development of anxiety, occupational
burnout, emotional exhaustion and other stress indicators in members
of rescue teams.
Bearing in mind the importance of psychosocial programs,
their implementation in many projects is supported and it is suggested
that psychosocial assistance become an integral part of the emergency
response and public healthcare system
How do I smell? The potential of body odor in human personal identification
Get PDFThe ability of canines to discriminate among individuals lead scientists to believe, a long time ago, that every human has a unique scent. Development of physicochemical analytical techniques enabled testing and further researching these expectations. Sensitive and reliable SPME-GC/MS method allows detection and identification of volatile organic compounds comprising individual scent, whose presence in odor is constant and can, therefore, be used for personal authentication. Ongoing studies further demonstrate the efficiency of chemical sensors, such as the E-nose, in real-time personal recognition. In this paper, factors defining human scent, as well as the possibility of utilizing body odor as a novel biometric identifier, were presented.
The advantages and limitations of mentioned techniques, as well as future directions for experimental studies, were also considered. Finally, the possibility of utilizing body odor in police work for locating human remains and sniffing out the wrongdoers was given
Fraud Detection in Financial Statements Applying Benford's Law with Monte Carlo Simulation
No full textBenford’s Law is a useful tool for detecting fraud in financial statements. In this paper we test the
financial item named ‘Work performed by the undertaking for its own purpose and capitalised’
applying this tool. The data are taken from the financial reports of all companies submitted to the
Serbian Business Register Agency for the period of 2008–2013. Our conclusion shows that there is
a very high probability that the frequency distribution of the second digit does not satisfy Benford’s
Law. In other words, it implies that certain manipulations have been usually done with the second
digit of the aforementioned item in the financial statement. This research confirms our hypothesis
that financial statement frauds are usually conducted using the second digit