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2025 research outputs found
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Digital Platform for Ecological Education of Students – Advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the European Green Deal : The Case of ProSafeNet (Global Hub)
No full textAchieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the European Green Deal (EGD) requires more
efficient pathways that connect learning directly to real-world actions. This review introduces and explores a student-centered digital platform for ecological education that encourages knowledge sharing, collaboration, and practical implementation. Using a mixed-methods approach, we gather insights from existing literature and policies on SDGs and EGD to
define core functional and governance requirements, which are then integrated into the ProSafeNet platform (the global
hub for safety, security, risk, and emergency professionals and scientists). Its architecture brings together curated environ-
mental issues across global, national, and causal layers; structured learning modules aligned with SDG/EGD guidelines;
an embedded legal framework at various levels; and networking channels that guide students from identifying problems
to developing solutions, culminating in standardized Project Solution Models. In the case study of ProSafeNet, these
pathways leverage existing modules such as the Knowledge Base, Training Hub, Events/Forum, Projects, Research Hub,
Community Resilience Hub, Policy Practice Lab, and Innovation Lab—allowing immediate testing without additional in-
frastructure. An evaluation framework is proposed, featuring key performance indicators such as learning gains, student
engagement, team formation, prototypes or pilots, policy briefs, and progress toward SDGs/EGDs. The framework also
highlights the importance of equity, accessibility, and GDPR-compliant governance. This approach aims to address the
issue of “brain drain” by providing visible, credentialed pathways into green practices and funding opportunities, while
fostering collaboration across institutions. Overall, this model offers a practical, scalable solution to accelerate student involvement in ecological problem-solving and support measurable progress toward SDG and EGD objectives
Prevention of irregular migration and suppression of human smuggling in the Republic of Serbia
No full textПредмет овог рада су ирегуларне миграције и кријумчарење људи западнобалканском рутом кроз Србију. Масовне ирегуларне миграције становника појединих азијских и афричких држава захваћених оружаним сукобима, у економски развијене европске државе довеле су до пораста броја учинилаца кривичног дела кријумчарења људи. Остваривање високог незаконитог профита кријумчарења људи погодовало је развијању криминалних активности са елементима организованости. Кријумчарење људи је постала доминантна криминална делатност многих регионалних и међународних криминалних група, које за одређен новчани износ кријумчаре ирегуларне мигранте од матичних држава до држава западне и средње Европе. Западнобалканска кријумчарска рута једним краком прелази преко државних граница Републике Србије и актуелна је од 2011. године. Применом научних метода – анализом садржаја, статистичким методама, компаративним и формално-логичким анализама, обрађени су подаци који се односе на поступање српске полиције и правосудних органа у циљу спречавања незаконитих миграција и супротстављања овој врсти криминала у периоду од 2018. до 2023. године, са посебним освртом на казнену политику судова у периоду од 2018. до 2022. године.This paper examines irregular migration and human smuggling along the Western Balkans
route through Serbia, providing a criminalistic and criminal law analysis of the offenses of illegal
border crossing and human smuggling under Article 350 of the Criminal Code. Over the past decade, mass irregular migrations to economically developed European countries by individuals from
certain Asian and African nations affected by armed conflicts–seeking to save their lives or escape
threats to basic human rights, persecution, and poverty – have led to a rise in the number of human
smuggling offenses in Serbia. The substantial illegal profits gained by human smugglers have fueled
the development of organized criminal activities. Human smuggling has become the dominant criminal activity of many regional and international criminal groups. In many instances, these groups
smuggle irregular migrants from their home countries to Western and Central European nations
for a fee. Since 2011, one branch of the Western Balkan smuggling route, which crosses Serbia’s
borders, has gained significant prominence, with the highest number of asylum seekers registered in
2015. In this paper we analyzed the actions of the Serbian police and judicial authorities in combating this type of crime from 2018. to 2023, with a particular focus on the penal policies of the courts in
the period from 2018. to 2022. It has been established that the legislative penal policy has been tightened. Courts have limited ability to reduce sentences for more severe forms of this criminal offense.
Human smugglers are most often sentenced to the minimum prescribed penalties, which are still
lengthy prison sentences, thereby using measures of general prevention to deter potential offenders
from committing such crimes. As a measure of special prevention, the law mandates the confiscation
of motor vehicles used in the commission of a criminal offense. Smugglers face severe legal conse-
quences if they are caught. Police measures are focused on repeat offenders, means of execution, and
criminal hotspots, primarily in the areas along the state border with North Macedonia and Bulgaria,
as well as Hungary and Croatia. Strategic documents have been adopted in which the suppression
of human smuggling is recognized as a priority in the work of the police at the highest central level.
Serbian police actively cooperates with regional and international police organizations (Interpol,
Europol, Frontex, etc.) in order to suppress migrant smuggling. Modern technical equipment such
as drones and thermal imaging camera are also used to monitor smuggling routes and detect smugglers and migrants who illegaly enter, transit through or exit Serbia. Detected human traffickers are
often arrested. The proactive approach of the Serbian police has led to an increase in the number
of arrests of organized crime group members as well as traffickers involved in more serious forms of
this criminal offense. Considering the analyzed sentences, it has been determined that human smug-
glers are most frequently identified if they are at lower levels within criminal organizations. Those
people are employed to transport migrants along specific routes. Given that a more severe form of
the criminal offense is anticipated for those who smuggle a larger number of individuals, they are
punished with long prison sentences, with a minimum of 2 year
Thematic Conference Proceedings Investigating and Proving Contemporary Forms of Crime: Scientific Approaches [Elektronski izvor] / XIV International scientific conference “Archibald Reiss Days” - Investigating and Proving Contemporary Forms of Crime: Scientific Approaches, Belgrade, 7-8 November 2024
No full textПолицијске науке у 21. веку: изградња теоријских и методолошких темеља
No full textPolice science in the 21st century is an academic field on the rise, whose methodological
and theoretical foundations are increasingly evolving. This paper explores the process of
constituting police science as a separate interdisciplinary field, analysing the key factors
contributing to its scientific foundation. A special focus is placed on defining the subjects
of police science, their theoretical paradigms and methodological approaches, and the
application of empirical research in the analysis of police work. It also discusses their
relationship to related disciplines, such as law, criminology, sociology, and management.
Through analysing contemporary trends and challenges, the paper emphasises the need to
establish a scientifically based, evidence-based approach to studying police phenomena,
thus confirming the academic legitimacy and practical relevance of police science.Полицијске науке у 21. веку представљају академску област у успону, чије се методолошке и теоријске основе све интензивније развијају. Овај рад истражује процес конституисања полицијских наука као засебне интердисциплинарне области, анализирајући кључне факторе који доприносе њиховом научном уте мељењу. Посебан фокус стављен је на дефинисање предмета полицијских наука, њихове теоријске парадигме и методолошке приступе, укључујући примену емпиријских истраживања у анализи полицијског рада. Такође, разматра се њихов однос према сродним дисциплинама, попут права, криминологије, социологије и менаџмента. Кроз анализу савремених трендова и изазова, рад наглашава потребу за успостављањем научно заснованог, evidence-based приступа у изучавању полицијских феномена, чиме се потврђује академска легитимност и практична
релевантност полицијских наука
Armed Conflict as a Tool of Politics: Terrorism, Guerilla or Partisan Warfare
No full textThe research problem of this paper is related to the determination of similarities and differences between terrorism, guerrilla and partisan warfare, on specific examples that are processed through case studies. The main goal is to determine the correlation between political victory and armed victory in armed political conflicts. The main result is a scientific explanation of the often-confusing relation between combat casualties on the one hand, and the political outcomes of armed conflict on the other. The conclusion drawn from the research results tells us how decision-makers should assemble teams to combat threats to national security
Вештачка интелигенција и савремени сукоби – пример израелско-палестинског сукоба
No full textThe development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the military-security sector is an indispensable field of analysis when talking about modern conflicts. The human kind is witnessing a technological revolution that, year after year, involves more and more countries that are striving to follow innovation programs with the aim of adequately responding to modern security challenges at the global, regional and local levels. This paper examines the identification and use of AI-based systems in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict since October 2023. In the introductory part of the paper, the authors provide a brief historical overview of Israeli-Palestinian relations, which serves as the context for further analysis. Furthermore, the authors will define AI and its role in the military sector, after which specific examples from the conflict will be analyzed, building on this theoretical framework. The aim of the paper is to use descriptive and explanatory methods of analysis and synthesis to show how, when and to what extent AI-based systems are used in military operations, specifically using the example of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Thus, the authors analyze contemporary aspects of warfare and draw conclusions about security consequences. The rationale for addressing this topic theoretically lies in the need to examine current events and processes from the perspective of the social sciences and humanities, especially when it comes to topics that have not been or have been insufficiently analyzed. Through a qualitative analysis of relevant literature and official documents, the authors will collect data in order to synthesize the latest research on the topic.Razvoj veštačke inteligencije (VI) u vojno-bezbednosnom sektoru predstavlja neizostavno polje analize kada govorimo o savremenim sukobima. Svedočimo tehnološkoj revoluciji koja iz godine u godinu uključuje sve više država koje nastoje da prate programe inovacija sa ciljem da na adekvatan način odgovore savremenim bezbednosnim izazovima na globalnom, regionalnom i lokalnom nivou. Problem istraživanja u radu je lociranje i prezentovanje sredstava baziranih na VI u izraelsko-palestinskom sukobu u periodu od oktobra 2023. godine. U uvodnom delu rada napravićemo kratak istorijski osvrt na izraelsko-palestinske odnose, kao kontekst za dalju analizu. Zatim ćemo definisati VI i njenu ulogu u vojnom sektoru, kako bismo u nastavku rada na osnovu teorijskog poznavanja mogli da analiziramo konkretne primere u pomenutom sukobu. Cilj rada je da pomoću deskriptivne i eksplanatorne metode analize i metodom sinteze prikažemo na koji način, kada i u kojoj meri se koriste sistemi bazirani na VI u vojnim operacijama, konkretno na primeru izraelsko-palestinskog sukoba. Dakle, autori analiziraju savremene aspekte ratovanja i izvode zaključke o bezbednosnim posledicama. Opravdanost teorijskog bavljenja ovom temom ogleda se u potrebi praćenja najaktuelnijih događaja i procesa kroz vizuru društveno-humanističkih nauka, posebno kada je reč o temama koje nisu ili su nedovoljno analizirane. Kvalitativnom analizom relevantne literature i zvaničnih dokumenata prikupićemo podatke kako bismo izvršili sintezu najnovijih istraživanja u vezi sa postavljenom temom
From waste to latent traces visualization : the application of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-based powders in development of latent fingerprints
No full textPurpose
Polymeric materials are used worldwide in various industries and for different purpose. While natural polymers do not pose a problem for the environment, mainly due to their biodegradability and non-toxic properties, (semi)synthetic polymers represent the major environmental pollutants. The necessity to protect the environment, can be supported by the reuse of the discarded plastic materials, and very often, the plastic waste has to be recycled prior to its further (re)utilization. A number of recycling approaches are used today for these purposes. In this research, we demonstrated the possibility of using recycled PET packaging material for the preparation of powders used for visualization of latent fingerprints.
Design/Methods/Approach
In this paper, PET-based powder formulations were obtained by PET glycolysis reaction, using ethylene glycol as a solvent. Three different PET packaging materials (having different additives), were used to obtain powders with green, white and blue appearance. Prepared powders were used to visualize latent fingerprints deposited onto non-porous (glass) surface. The structure and properties were compared between prepared powders, while the quality of visualization was specifically investigated by comparing the powders with the commercial and routinely used BVDA Magnetic Silver powder.
Findings
The interactions between components of prepared powders and potential presence of additives were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Optical microscopy showed that prepared powders possess round-shaped particles, and uniform in size, which enabled their easy binding to the sweat and lipid fingerprint residues.
Originality/Value
Prepared powders demonstrated good interaction with latent traces when deposited onto glass substrate. Moreover, the high-quality fingerprint image was obtained when compared to those developed with the commercial powder. The results showed that powders manufactured from recycled PET could potentially supplement the routinely used fingerprint powders, especially due to its low price (obtained from the waste raw material)
The role of the police and the public prosecutor’s office in the prevention of domestic violence in Serbia
No full textBy ratifying the Istanbul Convention, Serbia has committed itself to ensuring that the police are adequately involved in the prevention of domestic violence as soon as such cases occur. Unlike in criminal proceedings, where the public prosecutor is responsible for prosecuting perpetrators of domestic violence, the police play a dominant role in domestic violence prevention proceedings. They are responsible for risk assessment and risk management as well as for taking immediate action against the perpetrator. Based on these legal provisions, it is clear that the police and the public prosecutor within the Serbian legal system must effectively cooperate and coordinate in the fight against domestic violence. Although the main goal of repressive measures in criminal law is to punish the perpetrator, we believe that both preventive and repressive measures in the field of domestic violence should have the same main goal: to prevent violence by eliminating the conditions and causes that lead to it. The competent authorities should take appropriate legal action against a potential perpetrator in order to prevent them from committing domestic violence for the first time or reoffending if they have done so in the past. Imposing immediate measures, such as the perpetrator moving out of the home if they share it with the victim, and prohibiting contact with or approaching the victim is intended to remove the conditions that could lead to future violence. The public prosecutor can only propose to the court an extension of the immediate measures against the perpetrator if these measures were originally imposed by the police. In addition, the public prosecutor plays another important role: presiding over the Group for Coordination and Cooperation, which is established within the jurisdiction of each public prosecutor. One of the tasks of the Group is to develop an individual protection and support plan for the victim. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research related to certain effects of the implementation of the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence, adopted as a result of the ratification of the Istanbul Convention and the application of the pre-crime concept in the field of domestic violence in Serbia, in the period from 2018 to 2024. The subject of the conducted research is the analysis of the practical actions of the competent authorities in preventing domestic violence and protecting victims of domestic violence. The research focused on determining the extent of domestic violence in Serbia and assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of the competent authorities, in particular the impact of the measures taken to ensure the safety of the victim. The research was based on the application of normative and statistical methods, content analysis and comparative and formal-logical analysis. The results obtained from the study were processed statistically using an appropriate selection of statistical methods. Through the application of content analysis, the paper examines legal regulations and relevant academic texts related to the topic of combating domestic violence. Using statistical methods, the data of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia and the General Public Prosecution on the topic of domestic violence for the period 2018–2024 were analyzed. The results show that the number of registered incidents of domestic violence in Serbia has remained at a similar annual level, as has the number of emergency measures imposed. The number of criminal offenses related to domestic violence is decreasing, as is the number of family members killed in acts of domestic violence. This indicates the positive effects of the application of the concept of combating criminal records in the field of domestic violence in Serbia. However, the high number of women killed by men with whom they had some form of intimate relationship remains a major cause for concern. In several cases, the murders occurred even though the victims had previously reported domestic violence to the police. It is therefore necessary to raise the efficiency of the competent authorities in preventing the most serious forms of domestic violence to a higher level
Criminal law protection of employees in educational, health and social institutions (criminal policy reasons for legislation and expectations of implementation)
No full textУ последњих неколико година у Србији учињено је више тешких кривичних дела са елементима насиља усмерених према запосленим лицима и ученицима у образовним и васпитним установама. Најтеже се десило у Београду, 3. маја 2023. године, када је у преподневним сатима, за време трајања наставе, у једној основној школи, од стране детета, ученика те школе, употребом ватреног оружја, лишено живота девет ученика и радник обезбеђења а рањено је пет ученика и наставница. Лекари, медицински радници и други запослени у здравственим установама су такође, учестало били жртве кривичних дела са елементима насиља за време обављања посла и пружања медицинске помоћи пацијентима. У установама социјалне заштите, најчешће у случајевима који су вођени због учињеног насиља у породици, у неколико случајева социјални радници су приликом обављања послова из надлежности социјалне установе били жртве насилних учинилаца, чланова породице незадовољних њиховим поступањем. Због учесталости напада на запослене у овим установама, а како би се спречило чињење сличних кривичних дела, у Кривичном законику инкриминисана су три нова кривична дела у члановима 344б, 344в и 344г а која прописују одговорност за напад на лице запослено у установи у области образовања и васпитања, здравственој установи и установи социјалне заштите. У овом раду разматраћемо поједине криминално-политичке разлоге нормирања наведених кривичних дела и очекивања од примене у будућености.In recent years, there have been several serious criminal offences in Serbia
in which violence was directed against employees and students of educational institutions. The
most serious incident occurred during school hours on 3 May 2023 in a primary school in Belgrade, when a student of that school used a firearm to take the lives of nine students and a
security guard, and to injure five other students and a teacher. Doctors, medical staff and other
staff in healthcare facilities have also frequently been victims of violent crime while carrying
out their duties and providing medical care to patients. In social institutions, mostly in cases
initiated due to acts of domestic violence, there have been several cases in which social workers
have been victims of violent individuals, usually family members who were dissatisfied with the
actions of social workers. Due to the frequency of attacks on employees in these institutions and
in order to prevent the commission of similar offences, the Criminal Code was amended to
include three new criminal offences: Articles 344b, 344c and 344d, which establish the criminal
liability of attacks on persons employed in educational, health and social institutions.
This paper examines selected criminal policy reasons for the introduction of these
offences and the expectations regarding their future implementation