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Recent allopolyploidization and transcriptomic asymmetry in the mangrove shrub Acanthus tetraploideus.
No full textBackground: Mangrove species are vital to the ecosystems of tropical and subtropical coastlines worldwide. Despite the underexplored role of polyploidization in these species, deciphering its impact on gene expression is essential for understanding the connection between polyploidization and species diversification. Our initial investigation, integrating multiple nuclear loci with morphological and cytological data, indicates that the tetraploid Acanthus tetraploideus likely originated from allopolyploidization events involving the diploid species A. ilicifolius and A. ebracteatus. Expanding on these insights, this study utilizes genome-wide evidence to confirm the divergence patterns among extant Acanthus mangrove diploids and to investigate the origin and transcriptome asymmetry of the tetraploid A. tetraploideus. Results: Phylogenetic analysis and molecular dating revealed a closer evolutionary relationship between A. ebracteatus and A. volubilis than between A. ebracteatus and A. ilicifolius, diverged approximately 6.92 Mya and 9.59 Mya, respectively. Analysis of individual whole transcriptomes revealed that homeologous sequences in A. tetraploideus were preferentially clustered with A. ilicifolius and A. ebracteatus, rather than A. volubilis, in a roughly 1:1 ratio. The high similarity in nucleotide sequences and homologous polymorphisms between the tetraploid A. tetraploideus and its two parental diploids, A. ebracteatus and A. ilicifolius, supports the hypothesis of a recent allopolyploid origin for A. tetraploideus. Estimation of homeolog expression revealed a general attenuation of homeolog expression divergence in A. tetraploideus compared to the in silico parental mix, with 22.87% and 67.66% of genes exhibiting biased homeolog expression, respectively. Further investigation identified remarkable retention of parental expression dominance in the tetraploid, suggesting that parental genetic legacy substantially influences the reconfiguration of homeolog expression in the derived tetraploid. Meanwhile, the observation of numerous novel expression patterns between the two homeolog sets suggests that the transcriptome shock (i.e., the transcriptomic changes induced by interspecific hybridization) associated with allopolyploidization and subsequent post-polyploid evolutionary processes also significantly impact transcriptome asymmetry in A. tetraploideus. While no strong evidence directly links transcriptomic changes to specific adaptive traits, the patterns in unbiased and novelly biased genes in A. tetraploideus suggest adaptations to stable polyploidy. Unbiased genes involved in fundamental cellular processes and novelly biased genes related to chromosome dynamics and cell cycle regulation may stabilize polyploid genomes, supporting the species’ establishment and long-term success. These findings underscore the role of transcriptomic stability in polyploid adaptation. Conclusions: Our study sheds light on the evolutionary origins and the intricate transcriptional reconfiguration of the tetraploid A. tetraploideus. These insights significantly enhance our comprehension of the pivotal role that polyploidization plays in speciation and adaptative evolution of mangrove species. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Caste over constitution
No full textThe attack on CJI Gavai and IPS officer Puran Kumar’s death shows how institutional spaces remain saturated with caste-based humiliation
ಲಿಂಗ, ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ ಮತ್ತು ಚಲನಶೀಲತೆ : ಬಿಎಂಟಿಸಿ ಸಾರಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿನ ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಶಕ್ತಿ ಯೋಜನೆಯ ಪರಿಣಾಮ
Full text linkActivities that celebrate mathematics
Full text linkIn the Features section of this issue, we have looked at the Why and How of the celebration of a Mathematics Day. This pullout focuses on the What:
• What are the different strands which are
featured in the stalls set up for the day?
• What are some tried and tested activities that
work well for each strand?
• What are the materials needed
Investigating how milk turns to Curd
Full text linkThe process of setting curd is a simple everyday practice in many Indian homes. Can teachers use an investigation into this process to offer a hands-on introduction to what it means to think like a scientist
