Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Applied Chemistry)
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APLIKASI MEMBRAN DALAM PEMEKATAN ENZIM GLUKOAMILASE
No full textPreparation of glucoamylase enzyme by fermentation of sago and soy bean meals had been done. Enzyme concentration was carried out by ultrafiltration process, where polysulfone membranes were used as medium filter. Membranes used in this experiment were prepared with several treatments, such as coagulation temperature and composition and beside that effect of solvent and additive are also observed. From the results of the observation during fermentation process in enzyme preparation, its clear that pH of solution changed in that pH increased with increasing fermentation time. The highest enzyme activity was shown on the sixth day of fermentation namely 2.908 U/ml with a specific enzyme activity of 1495.8 U/g protein. There is fluctuation in protein content during [ermenuuion process, but the highest level was obtained on the tenth day [ermenuuion (3.102 mg/l). The highest specific enzyme activity was shown on the sixth day fermentation (1495.8 U1g protein). The best membrane for the enzyme concentration by ultrafiltration process in this experiment are found form the membrane prepared from dimethyl acetamide as solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidane as additive. This membrane gave rejection coefficient of more than 90% andflux as much as 20.571 l/m2.hour
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF THE CUSHION PLANT POTENTILLA ARTICULATA
No full textMethanol extract of the whole plant of P. articulata Franch was fractionated by using open column silica gel chromatography following identification, resulted in the isolation of known phytoceramides, N-(2'-hydroxy-acyl)-2-amino1,3,4trihydroxy-8-octadecene) (1), which also isolated from Urtioca dioca and Thylacospermum caespitosum, and two known steroids, identified as ~-sitosterol (2), 3B-O-B-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol (3), which have also been isolated from Prunella vulgaris L. var. Iilacina (Labiatae). Triterpenoic acids were elucidated as 2B,19a-dihydroxyursolic acid (4), a mixture of Zcc-monohydroxyursclic acid (5) and 2a-monohydroxyoleanolic acid (6), also found in Geurn japonicum Thunberg, 19a-monohydro-xyursolic acid (7), a mixture ursolic acid (8) and oleanolic acid (9), which were also obtained in Isodon japonicus Hara. Their structure identifi-cations were based on chemical and spectroscopic methods
A LABORATORY STUDY OF FLUIDISED DRUM GRANULATION
Get PDFPerformance study of laboratory scale Fluidised Drum Granulation (FDG) has been carried out using glass beads as model particles and melted wax as binder. The equipment was running well to coat the particle. The particle growth was simple, agglomerating or layering. Several process variables such as particle size, binder spray rate and amount of binder added, and drum speed were used to determine the unwanted agglomerate formation. The mass fraction of agglomerate formation increased sharply begin from initial particle size 3 mm to smaller. The transition size is 4 mm, there was virtually no agglomerate formation. Agglomerate formation also increased with' increasing binder spray rate, and varies little with drum speed and total amount of binder added
PERBANDINGAN Cr-51 (III) DAN Cr-S1 (VI) ANORGANIK PADA HASIL IRADIASI Cr(CO)s DAN Cr(C5H7O2)3 DENGAN NEUTRON TERMAL
Get PDFThermal neutron irradiation on Cr(CO)6 and Cr(C5H7O2)3 target compounds had been conducted with an average neutron flux of about 2.8 x 10(12) n.cm(-2).der(1). Both post-irradiated target compounds gave inorganic radiochromium in oxidation states of +3 and +6 which were separated by solvent extraction method: For radioactivity measurement, the trivalent species was separased from the hexavalent by hydroxide precipitation using K2CrO4 and Cr(NO)3. 9H2O carriers. The inorganic chromium content was chemically determined by spectrophotometric method without adding arry carriers. The activity of the trivalent inorganic chromium produced from Cr(CO)6 irradiation was higher than that of the hexavalent ones, but in the case of Cr(C5H7O2)3 irradiation; the activity of the hexavalent species was higher. In both cases, the specific activity of the trivalent species was higher than that of the hexavalent species. The specific activity of total inorganic chromium obtained from the irradiation of Cr(CO)6 was higher than that of Cr(C5H7O2)3
PRODUKSI ALFA-AMILASE OLEH ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE DALAM MEDIA PATI SAGU (Metroxylon sp.)
Get PDFThe production 0f alpha-amylase in sago starch media by A. oryzae have-been performed in Biostat-B stirred tank fermentor with working volume of 2 L. The condition was adapted from the fermentation using Biotech fermentor: working volume 4 Liters, temperature 27e, aeration 0,75 wm and agitation of 300 rpm. The concentrations of inoculum added into the medium were 2,5 - 3% v|v. The maximum enzyme speslfic activites around 300-460 U|g protein was obtained at fermentation using inoculum concentration of 2,5%, while the maximum enzyme specific activity of 850 U|g protein was also obtained at fermentation using inoculum concentration of 3%. The maximum enzyme specific activity was achieved at day 5 or 6 of fermentation.Fermentation using various concentrations of inoculum in erlenmeyer flask scale was carried out to investigate the inoculum concentration which resulting maximal enzyme activity. The concentrations used were 5.0%; 7.5%; 10%; and 12.5% v|v. Fermentation was done at 30C and agitation of 120 rpm. The highest enzyme activity of 12,640 Vlg protein was resulted at fermentation with inoculum concentration of 12.5% v|v at day-5. Application into fermentator two liters at temperature 30C, aeration 1.5 vvm and agitation of 500 rpm showed enzyme production in earlier time (one day fermentation) to achievedenzyme activity of around 1000-1300 U|g protein
CYTOTOXIC ISOFLAVONOIDS OF PACHYRRHiUS EROSUS SEEDS
Get PDFBy bioactivity-directed fractionation, phytochemical and cytotoxic studies of the seeds of Pachyrrhizus erosus L. resulted in the isolation of isoflavonoid-based compounds, one novel compound and eight known compounds, comprising the novel coumaronochromene, pachyrrhisomene {1}, the known pterocarpan, neodulin {2}, the known 3-arylcoumarin, pachyrrhizin {3}, the known isoflavonoid, dehydroneotenone {4}, five known rotenoids, rotenone {5}, l2a-hydroxyrotenone {6}, 12a-hydroxypachyrrhizone {7}, 12a-hydroxyerosone {8}, and 12a-hydroxymunduserone {9}. The identities of these compounds were elucidated or confirmed using combination of modern one- and two- dimensional NMR techniques, such as 1H-1H COSY, CSCMID, 1H-1H NOESY, and selective INEPT, as well as by comparison with published spectroscopic data. It is likely that the novel compound, pachyrrhisomene {1} is derived from the same biosynthetic intermediate as the pterocarpan, neodulin {2}. All of these compounds were evaluated for their anticancer potential in a battery of tumour cell lines, comprishing P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, KB-carcinoma of the nasopharynx, a multi-drug resistant variant of KB, KB-VI, and a number of human cancer cell lines derived from a variety of tumour types, namely fibrosarcoma, lung, colon, melanoma, and breast. Two compounds, rotenone {5} and 12a-hydroxyrotenone {6} were observed to exhibit potent but nonspecific activity
Synthesis and cytotoxicity assay using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test of Cinchonidine Isobutyrate Ester
Get PDFThis research was aimed to synthesize cinchonidine isobutyrate ester and conduct a preliminary assay for anticancer agent using cytotoxicity assay to Artemia salina Leach larva, or also known as brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Cinchonidine, a compound that has quinoline rings and quiniclidine ring, is a quinine analogue and stereoisomer of cinchonine. Cinchonidine is predicted to have anticancer activity. Synthesized ester was aimed to gain higher lipophilicity. Higher lipophilicity makes it easier for the compund to pass through cell membrane. The esterification process used DMAP as a catalyst, DCC as an activator, and isobutyric acid as a carboxilyc acid. Isobutyric acid is a type of short chained fatty acid that usually acts as an anticancer prodrugs. The product is identified by ESI-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR. Ester cinchonidine isobutyrate is gelatinous and colourless with yield of 21,77%. BSLT result showed that cinchonidine isobutyrate ester had LC50 value of 75.16 ppm which was more toxic than cinchonidine that had LC50 value of 99.2 ppm. It was proved that higher lipophilicity could increase pharmacology activit
PENENTUAN RUNUTAN Cu, Cr, Mn dan Fe DALAM MATRIKS AIR LAUT DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM DAN EKSTRAKSI PELARUT
Get PDFA method has been studied for the analysis of trace metals such as Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe in artificial seawater matrix samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS). Concentration of theSe metals was carried out by extraction using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) after being reacted with complexing agents, and transfered into aqueous solution by backextraction using 4 N nitric acid. The metal complexing agents used were ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), sodium diethyldithlocarbamate (Na-DDC), mixture of equal ratio of APDC and Na-DDC. From these study it was found that use of APDC gave recovery for Cu, Cr, Mn and Fe 104.4; 25.4; 0; 83.0 % respectively at pH 5, while use of Na-DDC gave 83.5; 89.0; 79.4 and 81.3 % , respectively at the same pH. A mixture of equal ratio of APDC and Na-DDC was found to gave recovery for Cu, cr, Mn and Fe of 104.6; 103.9; 102.1 and 101.2 %, respectively at pH 5
COMPUTER-ASSISTED STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF HUMULENE EPOXIDE AND CARYOPHYLLENE EPOXIDE MIXTURE OF TURRAEA BROWNII
No full textAn experiment was carried out to isolate active material from Turraea brownli for biological insectislde. The isolated component obtained by using TLC was elucidated with iH NMR, and 13C NMR techniques. It was found that the compound was unknown triterpenoid (C30H48O). Further elucidation using 2D NMR with COSY, HMBC, and HMQC combined with computer techniques showed that the component was an approximately equimolar mixture of two sesqulterpenes (C15H24O) which were identified as humulene epoxide and B-caryophyllene epoxide