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A Hybrid Optimization Approach for Multi-Generation Intelligent Breeding Decisions
No full textMulti-generation intelligent breeding (MGIB) decision-making is a technique used by plant breeders to select mating individuals to produce new generations and allocate resources for each generation. However, existing research remains scarce on dynamic optimization of resources under limited budget and time constraints. Inspired by advances in reinforcement learning (RL), a framework that integrates evolutionary algorithms with deep RL was proposed to fill this gap. The framework combines two modules: the Improved Look-Ahead Selection (ILAS) module and Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) module. The former employs a simulated annealing-enhanced estimation of the distribution algorithm to make mating decisions. Based on the selected mating individual, the latter module learns multi-generation resource allocation policies using DQN. To evaluate our framework, numerical experiments were conducted on two realistic breeding datasets, i.e., Corn2019 and CUBIC. The ILAS outperformed LAS on corn2019, increasing the maximum and mean population Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) by 9.1% and 7.7%. ILAS-DQN consistently outperformed the baseline methods, achieving significant and practical improvements in both top-performing and elite-average GEBVs across two independent datasets. The results demonstrated that our method outperforms traditional baselines, in both generalization and effectiveness for complex agricultural problems with delayed rewards
Chancel repair liability and leasehold property:are leaseholders at risk?
No full text*L. & T. Review 98 The Law Commission agreed to conduct a project entitled "Chancel Repair Liability and Registration", focused on chancel repair liability as part of its 13th Programme of Law Reform (now rolled into the 14th Programme of Law Reform). The stated aim of the project is to "close the loophole and so achieve with certainty what was intended to be achieved by the Land Registration Act 2002". It is estimated that doing so would "eliminate the current standard practice of purchasers searching and/or insuring against the risk of liability, which costs an estimated 20 million each year": see Law Commission, The 13th Programme of Law Reform, Law Com. No.377, 2017 at 2.30–2.31. Concerns and issues surrounding chancel repair liability have been addressed previously by the Law Commission, and these matters have been considered by the courts, most notably in cases such as Aston Cantlow and Wilmcote with Billesley Parochial Church Council v Wallbank [2003] UKHL 37; [2004] 1 A.C. 546 , where the landowners were held liable for chancel repair costs in the region of tens of thousands of pounds. An aspect of chancel repair liability which receives less attention, however, is that connected with leasehold land. This article focuses on this aspect of chancel repair liability. In particular, it highlights the historical context of chancel repair liability and examines the arguments about how liability may arise in connection with leasehold land. It then explores the related practical issues, suggesting that these should be taken account of as part of the Law Commission’s efforts to reduce some of the uncertainty surrounding chancel repair liability
Interview with the Rosalie Ryrie Foundation
No full textDomestic abuse affects far more than physical safety, reaching into the emotional, financial, and social lives of families and communities. In Wakefield, West Yorkshire, the Rosalie Ryrie Foundation (RRF) offers vital support by treating domestic abuse as a breakdown of family relationships. Founded by Ann Ramsden, the charity uses a tool called “Charlie” to help individuals and families recognise and change harmful patterns of behaviour. This inclusive, non-blaming approach focuses on building healthier relationships, offering families who want to stay together a chance to move forward in safer, more positive ways. The chapter presents Ann’s reflections, drawn from a recent interview conducted specifically for this book
Migration psychology:identity dynamics, belonging, and resilience in the UK
No full textThis book explores the psychological dimensions of migration, identity formation, and intragroup dynamics within global diaspora communities. By examining the mental and social processes that shape the experiences of ethnic minorities, this book, the first of a two-volume edited collection, offers a multidisciplinary perspective on the impact of migration and cultural adaptation. The book's central theme is that migration is not only a social and cultural phenomenon but a deeply psychological experience that shapes individuals' identities and group relations in complex and often challenging ways. The volume advances understanding of how migration affects psychological well-being, cultural identity, and both inter and intragroup relations, making a significant contribution to the field of migration studies and psychological research
Inter-rater reliability
No full textInter-rater reliability is a crucial methodological concern across various research fields, ensuring that observed differences reflect true variation rather than inconsistencies in judgment. This article explores conceptual foundations, statistical methods, and practical strategies for enhancing inter-rater reliability. Advances in AI, machine learning, and Bayesian modeling offer new opportunities but raise ethical challenges related to transparency and bias. Practical solutions, including structured rater training, calibration techniques, and hybrid human-AI approaches, are examined. Emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, methodological rigor, and continuous innovation, this article highlights the necessity of maintaining reliability as a cornerstone of scientific inquiry