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Effect of impinging jet angle and offset on the heat transfer characteristics of a liquid falling film on a rotating cylinder
No full textThe jet impingement on a horizontal rotating tube is widely used in various engineering applications. However, an uneven distribution of the liquid film on the rotating tube can substantially impact the hydrodynamic and heat transfer properties of the thin liquid film. Thus, this study employs 2-D numerical simulations using the Volume of Fluid method to investigate the hydrodynamics and thermal characteristics of a thin liquid film on a rotating cylinder, exploring the effects of rotational speeds, jet tilt angles, and offset distances. The numerical results reveal that with an increase in rotational speed, the location of the jet departure position shifted in the direction of the angular motion and the local heat transfer coefficient at the impingement zone significantly decreased. However, there is no substantial difference in the value with respect to the jet velocities investigated. Deviations in the jet impingement angle cause the liquid film thickness to increase on one side of the cylinder, however, the jet departure point does not alter significantly, emphasizing the governing role of rotational motion. Additionally, for a given rotational speed, there exists a critical jet offset distance beyond which the film experiences severe unsteadiness, particularly in the liquid film departure zone at the bottom side of the cylinder
The Price of Queer Admission
No full textThis chapter explores the function of queer admission in the work of Neil Bartlett, by examining texts from across his career to date: Pedagogue (1988); ‘Caesar’s Gallic Wars’ (1996); Mr Clive and Mr Page (1997); Skin Lane (2007); and ‘14 Yeomans Mews’ (2021). Understanding ‘admission’ as encapsulating, on the one hand, the articulation of desire and identity, and on the other, the entrance and initiation into queer subcultural spaces and knowledges, the chapter analyses moments of confession, pedagogy, and the dark spaces of queer desire as they occur throughout Bartlett’s work. It thereby shows how Bartlett invites readers to follow him into the queer archive in order to construct an intertextual subcultural imaginary which facilitates queer subjectivities and living otherwise
(Mis)Governing World Football? Agency and (Non)Accountability in FIFA
No full textWe identify the variables that have enabled the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) to evade internal and external legal and juridical rules and processes, allowing it to prioritise the interests of its leaders and staff rather than its stakeholders. An interdisciplinary theoretical framework highlights the weaknesses of the legal systems, democratic processes, market mechanisms and regulatory regimes governing FIFA’s activities since its foundation. The historical processes transforming FIFA into a wealthy enterprise whose leaders could abuse their power with impunity are reviewed. An evaluation of the structural reforms introduced in 2016 following the exposure of FIFA corruption by US authorities in 2015 then shows how they have strengthened the internal and external rules and procedures enabling stakeholders to hold FIFA to account, whilst arguing that the reforms have not eliminated the leadership’s ability to ‘capture’ its democratic processes, exploit its monopolistic controls over lucrative contracts and evade regulatory controls
Perpetrators of Transphobic Hate Crime
No full textOfficial statistics for England and Wales (Home Office, 2019; 2020; 2021; 2022) show a year-on-year increase in hate crimes motivated by a hostility towards transgender people. This has coincided with a proliferation of transgender exclusionary activism; largely from those who once called themselves radical feminists (dubbed trans exclusionary radical feminists: TERF’s) who have since renamed and rebranded themselves as gender critical feminists (see Thurlow, 2022) and other self-declared women’s rights activists. There are a number of high-profile figures who have been accused of belonging to this active online movement and who vocally campaign against transgender inclusion within social and legal life, and the existence of transgender identity in and of itself. This chapter provides an overview of dominant schools of thought relating to understanding gender and gender identity, drawing on notions of gender essentialism and social constructivism. We then discuss the origins of transgender exclusionary feminism, and the contemporary rebranding of this movement to ‘gender critical’. We discuss the nature of this movement and how it has propagated a moral panic around the existence of trans people. This chapter examines the rise in this online movement and its impact on both offline and online hate crime perpetration. We also consider structural forms of violence through state legislation and responses to transphobic violence. We situate our discussion within a queer criminological framework and explore (a) how anti-trans rhetoric is used to demonise trans people and (sb) the impact of this rhetoric on trans people
Promoting veganism:The cultural role of celebrities and influencers in the reframing of meat and dairy as a climate issue
No full textSince the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (2006) identified the livestock sector’s contribution to global climate emissions as 18%, the production and consumption of meat and dairy has been increasingly framed as a climate issue. Yet, whilst environmental NGOs were hesitant to campaign, celebrities and social media influencers have advocated for the climate, animal and health benefits of veganism, helping to mainstream it over the last 5-10 years. Placing critical attention on celebrities’ and social media influencers’ promotion of veganism and meat and dairy reduction practices, this chapter explores the socio-cultural conditions supporting celebrities’ emergence as cultural communicators of veganism and climate change; examines how meat and dairy reduction/elimination is discursively communicated, and veganism as an ethical identity is reframed in this process; and considers the socio-political implications of the celebritisation and mainstreaming of veganism or ‘plant-based’ diets for climate action. In doing so, the chapter introduces feminist and antiracist definitions of veganism; examines early celebrity vegan work on climate advocacy; discusses theories of celebrification, promotional culture and commodification; and explores recent research on celebrity veganism and vegan influencers. Offering directions for future research, it argues for an inclusive vegan future that addresses systemic inequalities underpinning the climate crisis
The Union Wage Mark-Up for Immigrants in the United States
No full textUsing data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) for 1995–2023, we show that unionized immigrants earn 10.1 log points less than unionized natives, of which 4.8 log points are due to a lower union wage mark-up. Therefore, unionization is beneficial for immigrants but to a lesser extent than for natives in the United States. The difference in the union wage mark-up between natives and immigrants is most pronounced for males and low-skilled blue-collar workers
The Golf and Strength and Conditioning Coach Interface: A Model to Optimise Performance Support for Golfers
No full textThe benefits of strength and conditioning (S&C) for golf are well established in the empirical scientific evidence base. While more longitudinal training studies are required, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed the viability of S&C for golfers, particularly for improving clubhead speed, a critical performance determinant. Golfer support is also evolving, whereby the historic “team” of golfer and golf coach is expanded. Elite golfers seek additional coaching from various sport science disciplines including S&C in the quest for sustained optimal performance. However, until recently, how S&C integrates within an overall golf plan had not been considered. Our research addressed this knowledge gap. This article is the first to synthesise these findings, make practical recommendations for golfers and their support team and suggestions for future research. The article highlights a continued need for improved communication between S&C coach, golf coach, and golfer. The golfer’s wants and needs are not always aligned to those of the golf coach and the qualities the S&C coach needs to possess, vary depending on the perceptions and practices of the golf coach and/or golfer. The S&C coach also needs to be cognisant of their varying overall impact on performance potential in a highly technical sport
Exploring occupational capital within the United Kingdom’s Conservative Government’s Prisons Strategy White Paper:A critical discourse analysis
No full textIntroduction: Occupational capital is a nascent construct of occupation proposed by Cameron (2013) in his research on return-to-work support for employees with mental health problems. This research evaluated the contribution of occupational capital to occupational science by exploring the concept in the context of United Kingdom prisons. Method: Drawing on the conceptual and discursive terrain of occupational science perspectives, this study employed critical discourse analysis to explore how occupational capital is constructed within the Government’s Prisons Strategy White Paper and stakeholder responses. Findings: Five key discourses relating to meaningful and exploitative occupation, contradictions in prison policy, and prison rehabilitative activities were identified. Through a process of retroduction, these discourses elucidated occupational deprivation, occupational justice, and occupational capital in prisons. Conclusion: ccupational capital is an asset which can be harnessed to optimise occupational participation within sites of occupational deprivation, such as prisons. Findings indicate the potential contribution of occupational capital to the concept of occupational justice and occupational science more broadly.</p
A Review of Advances in Large Language and Vision Models for Robotic Manipulation:Techniques, Integrations, and Challenges
No full textRecent advancements in transformer-based systems, including Large Language Models and Large Vision Models, have significantly transformed robotic manipulation by enabling enhanced task planning, real-time decision-making, and adaptive behaviour in complex environments. This review synthesises current research on integrating these models with robotic control systems, highlighting innovative strategies that merge linguistic and visual processing to improve precision and efficiency. It also critically examines challenges such as scalability, robustness, interpretability, and real-world applicability while identifying research gaps and future directions. This paper provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of the transformative impact of transformer-based systems on robotics, offering valuable insights for developing more sophisticated and versatile robotic systems
Metasomatic REE Mineralization at the Alkaline Vein System of the Maoniuping Carbonatite–Syenite Complex
No full textCarbonatite intrusions host the majority of the world’s light rare earth element (LREE) deposits, the formation of which commonly requires fertile magma rich in REE, and subsequent magmatic–hydrothermal processes. However, the mechanisms driving carbonatite magmatic–hydrothermal evolution, particularly metasomatic interactions between carbonatitic melts, hydrothermal fluids, and silicate wall rocks, remain poorly understood. The Maoniuping world-class LREE deposit in southwestern China provides a unique opportunity to investigate these processes due to its excellent exposure of deeper stockwork systems revealed by recent exploration efforts. The Maoniuping deposit comprises a vertically zoned vein system with three units: (1) stockworks, (2) veinlets, and (3) thick veins distributed from bottom to top vertically in exposure, each with specific mineral assemblages of amphibole, pyroxene, phlogopite, K-feldspar, and others. The lower unit consists of low-grade (<0.5% bastnäsite) stockworks transitioning into thicker, highly mineralized veins (>4% bastnäsite) in the upper unit. These veins are composed of F-rich phlogopite, sodic pyroxenes (aegirine to aegirine-augite), sodic amphiboles (magnesio-arfvedsonite), alkali feldspar (K-feldspar and albite), fluorite, baryte, calcite, and bastnäsite. Multiple lines of evidence support an antiskarn model for Maoniuping. (1) The thin stockworks in the lower unit are dominated by pyroxene and K-feldspar crystallization, effectively clogging conduits and restricting melt flow. (2) The silicate minerals of generation I along vein margins exhibit high alkalinity (Na + K) and silica activity, forming sharp contacts with syenite and indicating limited wall–rock interaction. (3) In the upper unit, residual silicate of generation II and non-silicate minerals (e.g. fluorite, calcite, baryte, and bastnäsite) crystallized, marking an evolving carbonatite melt. The composition of pyroxene undergoes a transformation from aegirine-augite to aegirine-dominant as crystallization occurs, suggesting Na content in the carbonatite melt increases. The subsequent transition to progressively more Fe3+-rich amphibole marks the evolution of carbonatite system. Katophorite and richterite formed through the replacement of aegirine facilitated by decreasing temperature and reducing conditions with overprint of the antiskarn by magmatic-hydrothermal fluids indicated by previous fluid inclusion studies. To further trace the formation process of the deposit, the assemblages and chemical composition of minerals have been interpreted using T-activity and T-fO2 diagrams for the vein system, calculated using SUPCRTBL and published thermodynamic data. Relation of the observed mineral assemblage and compositions to phase relations in the Na–Fe–Si–O–H system suggest antiskarn formation at the bottom stockwork unit and along vein margins. Following the initial reaction, the mineral assemblage is consistent with decreasing T, , and fO2 from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions. Significant REE mineral crystallization was initiated from the carbonatite melt, by sequestration of alkalis in pyroxene, K-feldspar, amphibole, and phlogopite. In conclusion, magmatic processes played a dominant role in REE enrichment and mineralization at Maoniuping, with minor contributions from hydrothermal overprinting. This study provides a framework for understanding similar processes in other carbonatite-related deposits, where antiskarn interactions may be underappreciated