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Charting Trustworthiness: A Socio-Technical Perspective on AI and Human Factors
Get PDFIntegrating AI into critical decision-making environments, including cybersecurity, highlights the importance of understanding human factors in fostering trust and ensuring safe human-AI collaboration. Existing research emphasizes that personality traits, such as openness, trust propensity, and affinity for technology, significantly influence user interaction with AI systems, impacting trustworthiness and reliance behaviours. Furthermore, studies in cybersecurity underscore the socio-technical nature of threats, with human behaviour contributing to a significant portion of breaches. Addressing these insights, the study discusses the development and validation of a questionnaire designed to assess personality-driven factors in AI trustworthiness, advancing tools to mitigate human-centric risks in cybersecurity. Building on interdisciplinary foundations from cyberpsychology, human-computer interaction, and behavioural sciences, the questionnaire evaluates dimensions including ethical responsibility, collaboration, technical competence, and adaptability. Subject matter experts systematically reviewed items to ensure face and content validity, reflecting theoretical and empirical insights from prior studies on human behaviour and cybersecurity resilience. The tool’s scoring system employs weighted Likert-scale responses, enabling detailed evaluations of trust dynamics and identifying key areas for intervention. By bridging theoretical and applied perspectives, this research contributes to advancing the role of human factors in cybersecurity, offering actionable insights for the design of trustworthy AI systems and calibrated trust practices
MASKS:The Persistence and Symbolism of Paramilitary Violence in Northern Ireland
Get PDFThis photobook research output critically examines the enduring symbolism of the three-hole balaclava ski mask as a visual motif within the context of resurgent paramilitary violence in Northern Ireland. Addressing the period of increased political uncertainty following BREXIT, the collapse of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and threats to the Good Friday Agreement, the work situates the balaclava both as a signifier of sectarian anonymity and as a commodity in global digital marketplaces. Drawing upon appropriated internet-sourced images of masks—screen-grabbed from commercial platforms and transformed into silver gelatin contact prints via experimental darkroom techniques—the project interrogates the tension between the individual and the type, anonymity and identity. The resulting images evoke both the traumatic legacy of the Troubles and the contemporary realities of punishment attacks within loyalist and republican communities, where violence is enacted and experienced in deeply familiar settings. By foregrounding the iterative, decontextualised nature of photographic reproduction, the photobook reflects on how images of violence and their symbols are endlessly replicated, subsuming individuality and reinforcing collective imaginaries of terror and control
Exploring exudate absorption via sessile droplet dynamics in porous wound dressings
Get PDFChronic wounds, typically defined as those that fail to reduce in size by at least 40% within a month, present a significant global socioeconomic challenge. In clinical practice, it is widely recognized that maintaining an optimal moisture balance in the wound while managing excess exudate is crucial for wound healing. Therefore, the selection of wound dressings is a key tool in wound management, which is based on their ability to sustain this delicate equilibrium. However, there is a notable lack of fundamental studies on the interaction between wound exudate and dressings, which limits the availability of evidence-based guidance for clinical practitioners. Thus, the present investigation explores how wound exudate interacts with different commercially available wound dressings to optimize wound management through a deep understanding of exudate-air interface dynamics in contact with the dressing material. Employing high-resolution imaging, the research delves into the behaviour of quasi-sessile droplets on various porous materials, analysing the impacts of exudate viscosity, blood sugar levels, and exudate volume. The findings reveal that droplet absorption rates depend on exudate properties and dressing materials. Notably, cellulose-based dressings outperform alginate and polyester-based alternatives in terms of wettability and imbibition capacity, with a performance improvement of at least 48%. Furthermore, increased exudate viscosity and elevated blood sugar are associated with longer absorption times, with increases of 51% and 38%, respectively. The study also identifies that absorption completion time increases exponentially with fibre diameter but decreases with greater pore radius and higher porosity. The overall findings can aid clinicians with quantitative insights to optimize the selection of wound dressings, thereby enhancing the healing of chronic wounds
Lifetime measurements in 102Mo interpreted in the interacting boson model and the X(5) symmetry
No full textLifetimes of low-lying excited states in Mo102 populated in the two-neutron transfer reaction Mo100(O18,O16)Mo102 were measured using the recoil distance Doppler shift method at the IFIN-HH Tandem accelerator. Lifetimes of the 21+, 02+, 41+, 22+, 23+, 31+, 61+, (03+), 42+, (31-), and (51-) states were obtained. The deduced electromagnetic transition strengths have been compared to calculations performed in the interacting boson model framework including models representing the U(5) and X(5) symmetries. It is found that Mo102 lies between the U(5) limit and the X(5) critical point symmetry.</p
Baschet’s Voice Leaf:The voice wrapped in the sculptural leaf
No full textThis article introduces the Voice Leaf, an outsider among Baschet’s numerous sound sculptures because of the use of the performative voice. Conceived in 1965 by French pioneers Bernard and François Baschet, the sculpture for voice consists of a stainless steel sheet folded as a leaf using origami technique. This article explores how voice and sculpture interplay acoustically by evaluating the voice’s agency and the sculpture’s aural dynamic gain. In this mutualist relationship, multiple senses are mobilised: aural, visual and haptic. The voice harboured in the sculptural leaf gains materiality and a resonance altered by the sculpture’s intrinsic properties. The article draws from conversations at the Structures Sonores Baschet Association open day with chairperson Pierre Cuffini and former workshop and acoustics research director Frédéric Fradet, as well as an interview with multidisciplinary artist and long-term collaborator of Bernard Baschet, Sophie Chénet
Implementing environmental management systems (ISO14001) in the construction sector of Ghana
Get PDFEnvironmental management systems (EMS) enable organisations to manage their environmental impacts. Globalisation has resulted in more organisations needing to engage in environmental sustainability. In developed nations, ISO 14001 provides the key guidance, but in developing nations, sustainability remains a new concept. This study investigates EMS implementation within the Ghanaian construction sector which has low EMS adoption. A critical literature review identified 11 benefits, 11 barriers and 10 strategies for implementing EMS in the construction sector. The views of construction professionals in Ghana were sought regarding the benefits, barriers and strategies. Of 150 questionnaires distributed, 60 were returned and 52 were deemed usable. Data was analysed using the voting analytic hierarchy process ( Manu et al., 2019 ). The results showed that “cost savings due to the reduction of fines associated with convictions” was the main perceived benefit of implementing EMS, while the major barrier was “a lack of government legal enforcement”. The most significant implementation strategy was suggested to be “the implementation of a legal requirement for environmental protection for EMS”. It is concluded that lack of legal requirements may impede ISO 14001 engagement. The recommendation is that environmental regulations and policies are created to encourage the adoption of EMS
Designing human-centred engineering and design education::analysing student engagement patterns to enhance learning experiences
Get PDFThis paper applies human-centred design principles to engineering education by investigating the relationships between student academic performance, online engagement metrics, and assessment strategies. By analysing datasets spanning three academic years (2021-2023) across 57 modules and 1,157 students, the study provides actionable insights to enhance learning experiences and inform curriculum design as an educational product-service system. Key findings reveal that higher online engagement strongly correlates with better academic performance, with distinct patterns emerging across levels of study and assessment types. Postgraduate students achieve higher marks with lower engagement levels, suggesting more efficient learning strategies that could benefit undergraduates through structured mentoring. Mixed assessment approaches generate highest engagement but lowest marks, indicating potential challenges in balancing diverse requirements. The findings demonstrate how data analytics can inform the design of responsive educational experiences that adapt to diverse student needs and engagement patterns—a core principle of human-centred design that students can directly experience through their learning journey
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Temperature Characteristics in Oscillating Heat Pipes Under Radial Rotations
Get PDFRadial rotating oscillating heat pipes (R-OHPs) have excellent thermal performance and great potential for application in the thermal management of rotatory machinery. However, the heat transport behavior and temperature characteristics of R-OHPs are complex, and their understanding is still limited, hence necessitating further research. In this study, thanks to an experimental investigation involving a copper R-OHP running with acetone and water, its thermal performance is evaluated, and then the temperature characteristics are analyzed by nonlinear dynamic analysis. The study reveals that the effective heat transfer coefficient of R-OHPs undergoes a notable increase with rising rotational speed, exhibiting a peak at a threshold speed value. Such a peak is present irrespectively of the working fluid, and, after exceeding the threshold, higher rotational speeds lead to a lower thermal performance. Based on nonlinear dynamic analysis, the power spectrum density of the evaporator temperature indicates a lack of dominant frequency in temperature signals, suggesting a complex behavior characterized by random oscillations of vapor slugs and liquid plugs. In order to better understand how strong the chaotic behavior is, an autocorrelation analysis was carried out, the OHP at static state has a stronger chaos than R-OHPs. The correlation dimension analysis of the evaporator temperature provides values ranging from 1.2 to 1.6, which together with the Lyapunov exponent calculations, further support an evident chaotic nature of R-OHPs
Analysis of the possible pathways between social and well-being outcomes:a mixed-method study about community-based sociotherapy for refugees in Nakivale Settlement, Uganda
Get PDFBackgroundRefugees in Nakivale Settlement, southwestern Uganda, are at risk of suffering from both mental health and social problems due to migration-related stressors. Mental health and psychosocial support is offered to improve their well-being. The theories of change of mental health and psychosocial support interventions often assume that individual and social outcomes are interrelated. By analysing changes in well-being and social support after Community-Based Sociotherapy (CBS), we assess the pathways between these outcomes.MethodsThis study uses a longitudinal mixed-method approach, analysing survey data from 98 CBS participants at three time points, and 11 focus group discussions. We focus on well-being and social support outcomes. We first analysed the quantitative data (paired t-tests, correlations, random-intercept cross-lagged panel model), followed by a qualitative content analysis to interpret the quantitative findings.ResultsWe did not find quantitative evidence of within-person influence processes between well-being and social support, and the significantly positive changes in these outcomes between the pre- and posttest declined over time. The qualitative data shed new light on the changes in the lives of the participants after participating in CBS, and the barriers to and facilitators of change.ConclusionsAmong this group of participants, we found no quantitative and limited qualitative evidence that improvements in well-being led to improved social outcomes, or vice versa. We consider how methodological limitations (i.e. our sample size and limited number of survey items) may have influenced our results, and contextual and temporal explanations for the lack of evidence of pathways. This finding stands in contrast with the theories of change of many mental health and psychosocial support interventions, and therefore calls for consideration of the complex realities of people living in refugee settings, rather than assuming simple pathways
Study on evolution law of non-equilibrium phase transition flow and performance improvement of steam ejector for MED-TVC desalination system
No full textNon-equilibrium phase transition flow is prevalent and of great irreversible loss during the transonic mixing process of steam ejector, but its complex evolution law is thus far unclear. In this study, a considerate two-phase ejector model was developed to investigate the non-equilibrium phase transition flow characteristics by means of CFD numerical simulation, including how, where and to what extent the phase transition occurs. Additionally, the quantitative analysis of the operating parameters influences on the phase transition flow and ejector's entrainment performance were conducted. Results showed that the evolution law of condensate is highly consistent with the pressure fluctuation of shock wave. Non-equilibrium condensation is to be intensified as the primary fluid pressure increases, and the entrainment performance thus worsens. For raising the secondary fluid pressure, the case is opposite, the entrainment ratio ω increases by 17.8 %. Superheating the working fluids can restrain the droplet development, and more small-sized droplets therefore emerge, but ω only raises by a maximum of 3.53 %. However, it is hard to restrain the condensate generation in primary jet flow by superheating the secondary fluid, both suction pressure and ω decrease. This study provides meaningful guidance for reducing the irreversibility loss from non-equilibrium phase transition flow.</p