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Advances in Nasal Biopharmaceutics to Support Product Development and Therapeutic Needs
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Nasal biopharmaceutics is the scientific understanding of product and patient factors that determine the rate and extent of drug exposure following nasal administration. The authors considered whether current biopharmaceutics tools are fit for the current and future needs of nasal product development and regulation. Methods: The limitations of current methods were critically assessed, unmet needs were highlighted, and key questions were posed to guide future directions in biopharmaceutics research. Results: The emergence of physiologically based biopharmaceutics models for nasal delivery has the potential to drive the scientific understanding of nasal delivery. Simulations can guide formulation and device development, inform dose selection and generate mechanistic insights. Developments in modeling need to be complemented by advances in experimental systems, including the use of realistic or idealized nasal casts to estimate the regional deposition of nasal sprays and refined in vitro cell culture models to study nasal drug absorption and the influence of mucus. Similarly, improvements are needed to address the practicalities of using animals in non-clinical studies of nasal drug delivery, and greater clinical use of gamma scintigraphy/magnetic resonance imaging is recommended to measure the delivery and nasal retention of different formulations in humans. Conclusions: Nasal drug delivery is a rapidly growing field and requires advances in nasal biopharmaceutics to support product innovation. Key needs are (i) validated clinically relevant critical product attributes for product performance and (ii) established links between how patients administer the product and where in the nose it deposits and dissolves in order to act or be absorbed, leading to its desired clinical effect
The Beat of the Gavel:Rap, “Race” and Criminal Injustice’
No full textRap music is stereotypically perceived, discussed and policed as the soundtrack to “Black criminality”. Blamed for glamourising, glorifying and even causing violence in major cities around the world, rap is usually approached as the source rather than the target of violence. Writing against legal penal logics that obscure how rappers are victimised by the police, prosecutors and judges, this chapter offers an overview of how rap music is criminalised. UK drill music takes centre stage here, as the most recent rap subgenre to bear the brunt of such criminalisation, showing how “race”, crime and Black expressive culture(s) are interpreted as a public safety threat. The chapter argues that rap music tells us more about how and why it is racially criminalised, and encourages a more critical take on this issue than law-and-order rhetoric and politics allow
Creative Pause: A collaborative, autoethnographic research project exploring how storytelling menopause experiences might support wellbeing
Get PDFThis article reports on Creative Pause: a pilot research project, funded by Research England that explored creative responses to lived experiences of menopause and measured the effects on wellbeing. Menopause is a major part of the life course, yet its wellbeing implications remain poorly understood and this leads to negative impacts on lives. Despite recent media attention, there is a lack of understanding of lived experience and a lack of visible stories about menopause in literary texts and the arts. With creative workshops in poetry, dance, drawing and other embodied writing techniques, the project identified that workshops can support the wellbeing of people navigating this obscured stage in the life course. This collaborative, autoethnographic article co-produced by workshop participants (equally valued as researchers) and the research team uses dialogue, creative and reflective writing to explore the lived experience of menopause. It will show how creativity, specifically storytelling through writing, image, speaking and listening, or movement, can help not only navigate this transitional life stage but also raise awareness and consequently understanding. We argue that supporting people to tell and share stories that draw on lived experiences of the menopause can support them to navigate this liminal space
The Cultural Imagination and Its Role in Researching Popular Music
No full textThe methodological approach for studying popular music proposed in this chapter is situated in the cultural studies tradition. I use the term "cultural imagination" to refer to the cultural competences possessed by researchers who participate in music fandoms/music cultures. The cultural imagination, I propose, can be a valuable methodological tool for conducting in-depth single case-study investigations. The cultural imagination allows researchers to deploy their own knowledge of music culture to devise qualitative interviewing methods for eliciting (musical) cultural experiences and writing about them, processes traditionally referred to as data collection and data analysis. By tapping into their own experiences, researchers can find unique ways to connect with their research participants, and encourage the opening of experiential territories that would be otherwise inaccessible, as well as accessing clandestine subcultural discourses to make sense of seemingly disparate pieces of information. Most importantly, the cultural imagination encourages a type of knowledge production where the researcher uses self-reflexivity, both to critically evaluate the type of knowledge they produce and to reflect on their own understandings of music culture. In that sense, the research process is dialectical, and the outcome is knowledge produced about the research participant and the researche
Sessile and suspended droplets on a biphilic surface in the presence of natural convection:Experimental studies and modeling
Get PDFNew experimental and modeling results, referring to heating and evaporation of sessile and pendant water droplet on a biphilic surface, are presented. Two modeling approaches are used: one based on the previously developed variable density model in which the droplet shape in the presence of gravity is described by the Bashforth–Adams equation, and the other based on ANSYS Fluent. It is shown that the results predicted by both approaches almost coincide in the absence of gravity, which can be considered as verification of both approaches. The predictions of both approaches are shown to be close to experimental results for pendant droplets. For sessile droplets, however, both approaches tend to under-predict experimental data. The difference in model predictions, taking and not taking into account the effect of natural convection, is shown not to exceed 3% for the experimental conditions under consideration
Establishing the liminal-liminoid distinction in organization studies:How individuals pursue a liminoid transition in a social venture incubator
Get PDFWhile the notion of liminality has improved our understanding of individuals going through transition, its widespread use in a variety of organizational contexts has led to a dilution of the concept’s analytical precision. By analysing ‘liminoid’ transitions we simultaneously widen our field of vision and narrow down the precise meaning of the twin terms liminal and liminoid. Following Turner’s original understanding, ‘liminality’ focuses on a pre-planned change of an individual within a conventional organizational structure, whereas liminoid addresses individuals seeking to make changes to the structure itself from ‘outside’. Through an ethnographic study of individuals in a UK-based social venture incubator, we address the question: what practices do individuals engaged in a liminoid transition adopt? Our analysis suggests venturers deploy five practices: detaching and reorienting, exploring, structuring, compromising, and self-evaluating. We make three contributions. First, our empirical account of individuals’ practices provides a deeper insight into the specific social dynamics that unfold in a liminoid transition. Second, we contribute greater analytical precision and conceptual grounding for theorising liminoid transition processes and practices by detailing their distinguishing features from liminal transitions in terms of motivation, context, and conditions. Third, we contribute by discussing how different degrees of detachment from conventional organizational structures may impact the possibilities for social change and the personal lives of the transitioning individual
Gender and medication use in Turkey: Evidence from a general population survey
Get PDFGender differences in health behaviors and outcomes were commonly documented by researchers. The focus of this study was the analysis of gender differences in medication use for a general population in Turkey. It also explored a range of factors associated with medication use at the individual level. A nationally representative cross-sectional data set was obtained from the 2019 wave of the Turkish Health Survey. The sample of this study included 17,083 adults residing in different regions of Turkey. Conditional mixed-process regression models were estimated for the whole sample and subsamples by gender. The rates of prescribed and non-prescribed medication use were 40.7% and 30.2%, respectively, in the adult population of Turkey. There were significant gender differences in medication use in the Turkish case. Females were 19.4% more likely to use prescribed medication, and they were 30.8% more likely to use non-prescribed medication compared to males in Turkey. There were negative associations between prescribed and non-prescribed medication use. On average, females were 9.2% less likely to report higher levels of health status, and they were 18.4% more likely to use healthcare services. Individuals with higher levels of self-rated health status were less likely to use prescribed medication. Both prescribed and non-prescribed medication use were positively related to healthcare service use. Complementing the earlier literature, the results of the present study demonstrated that gender-specific designs should be considered by health policies on the use of medications
Habits and Liberation in Menke and Adorno
No full textChristoph Menke, in A Theory of Liberation, argues that servitude persists because it becomes habitual—the habit of identity leads subjects to internalize patterns of domination even after achieving formal liberation. For Menke, true liberation requires breaking away from habitual identity and embracing the unexpected. However, this raises a central question: Can liberation be an absolute rupture, or is it always shaped by the structures it seeks to escape? This paper explores this question by comparing Menke’s theory with Theodor Adorno’s critique of identity thinking. While Menke presents liberation as a radical new beginning, Adorno’s concept of mediation suggests that subjects and their capacities are always historically and socially conditioned. I argue that Menke’s notion of rupture ultimately risks reproducing the very structures it seeks to overcome. Instead, Adorno’s perspective suggests that liberation does not come from rejecting habitual determination altogether but from transforming it. By reconsidering habits as sites of both subjugation and possibility, we can rethink the relationship between freedom and repetition in a way that avoids the paradoxes of Menke’s account
