435032 research outputs found
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A novel model for real-time risk evaluation of vehicle-pedestrian interactions at intersections
No full textSafety decisions for vehicles at an intersection rely on real-time, objective and continuous assessment of risks in vehicle–pedestrian interactions. Existing surrogate safety models, constrained by ideal assumptions of constant current speed and reliant on interaction points, often misjudge risks, and show inefficiency, inaccuracy and discontinuity. This work proposes a novel model for evaluation of those risks in vehicle–pedestrian interactions at intersections, which abstracts the pedestrian distribution density around a vehicle into a generalized model of driver-pedestrian interaction preferences. The introduction of two conceptions: ’driving risk index’ and ’driving risk gradient,’ facilitates the delineation of driving spaces for identifying safety–critical events. By means of the trajectory data from three intersections, model parameters are calibrated and a multidimensional vehicle–pedestrian interaction risk (VPIR) model is proposed to adapt the complex and dynamic characteristics of vehicle–pedestrian interactions at intersections. Commonly used surrogate safety models, such as Time to Collision (TTC), are selected as benchmark models. Results show that the proposed model overcomes the limitations of the existing interaction-point-based models, and offers a ideal assessment of driving risks at intersections. Finally, the model is illustrated with a case study that assesses the risks in vehicle–pedestrian interactions in varied scenarios and the case study indicates that the VPIR model works well in evaluating vehicle–pedestrian interaction risks. This work can facilitate humanoid learning in the autonomous driving domain, and achieve an ideal evaluation of vehicle–pedestrian interaction risks for safe and efficient vehicle navigation through an intersection
Curating memories of a future past:Anticipated nostalgia, prospective memory and travel decisions
No full textTourism often includes temporal dimensions due to time differences between booking and travel, leading to future imaginings and anticipations of both the journey and its positive outcomes upon returning home. Yet, we know little about the dynamic or bi-directional of these projection processes. This study introduces “anticipated nostalgia” to tourism research, revealing these bidirectional mental time-travel processes and their influence on tourist decision-making. Employing a constructivist cognitive framework and a grounded theory approach from psychology, our findings suggest that anticipated nostalgia acts as a cognitive heuristic, enhancing travel impulsivity, shaping prospective memories, and influencing proactive memory behaviors. We identify key factors influencing anticipated nostalgia, showing how prospective memory helps understand tourists' imaginative engagement with the future and therefore, decision-making processes.</p
Curating memories of a future past:Anticipated nostalgia, prospective memory and travel decisions
No full textTourism often includes temporal dimensions due to time differences between booking and travel, leading to future imaginings and anticipations of both the journey and its positive outcomes upon returning home. Yet, we know little about the dynamic or bi-directional of these projection processes. This study introduces “anticipated nostalgia” to tourism research, revealing these bidirectional mental time-travel processes and their influence on tourist decision-making. Employing a constructivist cognitive framework and a grounded theory approach from psychology, our findings suggest that anticipated nostalgia acts as a cognitive heuristic, enhancing travel impulsivity, shaping prospective memories, and influencing proactive memory behaviors. We identify key factors influencing anticipated nostalgia, showing how prospective memory helps understand tourists' imaginative engagement with the future and therefore, decision-making processes.</p
R&D support, digital entrepreneurship, and product innovation
No full textDespite the increasing attention to innovation in emerging markets, there remains a dearth of studies that specifically examine how and when R&D support drives firm-level innovation through digital entrepreneurship. Utilizing time-lag data collected from 212 firms in an emerging market using digital platforms, the study examines the impact of R&D support on product innovation through the mediating role of digital entrepreneurship. Our results indicate a positive intervening role of digital entrepreneurship in R&D support and product innovation relationship. The findings contribute to the product innovation and digital entrepreneurship literature by highlighting the mechanism through which R&D support yields greater product innovation outcomes
Does artificial intelligence reduce energy intensity in manufacturing? Evidence from country-level data
No full textThis paper examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on the energy intensity of manufacturing industries using cross-country analysis. The findings reveal that AI adoption significantly reduces energy intensity in manufacturing, underscoring its potential for energy savings. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, the Bartik instrument variable method is used and the key findings are held. We further document substantial heterogeneity across economic contexts. Specifically, in high-income countries and developed economies, especially in G7 and European Union countries, AI application does not significantly reduce energy intensity. However, in middle-income countries and emerging economies, particularly in European emerging markets, AI adoption leads to a substantial decrease in energy intensity. Furthermore, we reveal that AI enhances energy efficiency through technological advancement and application dissemination. Based on these findings, we offer practical policy recommendations for promoting the sustainable development of the AI-energy intensity nexus in manufacturing.</p
Healthcare decision-making for children with medical complexity:Combating breakdown of trust by building relationships
No full textThe triadic dynamic between professional, child patient, and parents can represent one of the most challenging relationships in healthcare. When interpretations of parental and professional remits do not align, such relationships are ripe for conflict and breakdown of trust, resulting in sub-optimal decision-making and risking patient safety. Drawing on the work of Moreton for the recent Nuffield Council on Bioethics Report on Disagreements in the Care of Critically Ill Children (2023), and Wright's extensive experience as Founder of Born at the Right Time, nurse, and the parent of a young man with complex neurodisability, this chapter contends that relationship-building, theorised through a novel feminist ethic of care, is the solution to ‘bridge the gap between rhetoric and reality’. With a particular focus on children with medical complexity (CMC), we utilise ‘small stories’ from parents as a methodical device, in answer to the Nuffield Report's call for greater visibility of parental voice in research. We consider some of the systematic and institutional changes necessary to make this approach an embedded part of NHS practice, demonstrate how practitioners can learn how to understand parental perspectives and foster productive communication, and highlight how parents can reciprocate in productive dialogue
Opening the ‘black box” of building mass sport and physical activity participation from major sporting events:Developing a process model of event inspiration
No full textResearch questionThe paper examines the growing research interest in event inspiration, specifically the assumption of building mass sport and physical activity (SPA) participation through major sporting events (MSEs). It aims to clarify the processes through which inspiration can be cultivated as a first step to form SPA intention and behaviour from MSEs.Research methodsInsights from psychology, event management, health behaviour, and sport studies literature were integrated to develop a process model of event inspiration.Results and findingsThe study argues that ‘being inspired by’ is different from ‘being inspired to’; and MSEs are one of several sufficient but not necessary causes for building SPA participation. Personal characteristics at the micro level and contextual conditions at the macro/meso levels also influence the potential for event inspiration. A psycho-behavioural process model is subsequently proposed, highlighting the dynamic interplay between event inspiration, event leveraging, and behaviour change, emphasising that leveraging efforts should align with the timing of inspiration – either pre-, during, or post-event – and account for the multi-stage behaviour change process (willingness, intention, and action), rather than adhering to traditional event hosting phases. This model suggests that these processes should work in tandem to achieve the intended inspirational effects of MSEs.ImplicationsThe paper offers a significant conceptual contribution to understanding the potential of MSEs to promote more active lifestyles within the general population. The new theoretical model marks a step change in our understanding of ‘inspiration’ in the context of MSEs that contributes to future development in research and practice
Use of domestic energy performance certificates and spatial mapping to evaluate the variation in heat demand and associated emissions
No full textReducing carbon emissions globally is necessary in the fight against climate change. With the United Kingdom committing to net zero by 2050, it is clear that every sector needs to reduce overall emissions. Therefore, it is critical to decrease the domestic heating demand through improvement in building efficiencies for decarbonisation. One tool that is increasing in use to monitor and rank these building efficiencies is the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). This study proposes a novel methodology to calculate variations in annual heat demand, based on current and potential energy efficiency rating in EPCs. Through the use of Geographical Information System software, values of heat demand and associated emissions were analysed spatially. For the region of Yorkshire and Humber, these values are calculated by extrapolating EPC record to census data by using statistical geographies. The overall annual heat demand for the region was calculated at 36 TWh based on current building efficiencies. An annual heat demand was also calculated at 24 TWh based on a retrofitting scenario where all dwellings reach their potential efficiencies for the year 2024. Overall, the more rural areas tended to have a higher heat demand per person compared to the urban areas. This research contributes towards a number of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, and SDG13: Climate Action
The Routledge Companion to World Cinema (Second Edition, Revised and Expanded)
No full textSecond edition, revised and expanded
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