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Plant-pathogen interactions:Making the case for multi-omics analysis of complex pathosystems
Get PDFUnderstanding plant-pathogen interactions requires a systems-level perspective that single-omics approaches, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics alone, often fail to provide. While these methods are informative, they are limited in their ability to capture the complexity of the dynamic molecular interactions between host and pathogen. Multi-omics strategies offer a powerful solution by integrating complementary data types, enabling a more comprehensive view of the molecular networks and pathways involved in disease progression and defence. Although technological advances have made omics analyses more accessible and affordable, their integration remains underutilised in plant science. This review highlights the limitations of single-omics studies in dissecting plant-pathogen interactions and emphasises the value of multi-omics approaches. We discuss available computational tools for data integration and visualisation, outline current challenges, including data heterogeneity, normalisation issues, and computational demands, and explore future directions such as the exploitation of artificial intelligence-based approaches and single-cell omics. We conclude that the increasing accessibility and affordability of omics analysis means that multi-omics strategies are now indispensable tools to investigate complex biological processes such as plant-pathogen interactions.</p
Genome divergence between European anchovy ecotypes fuelled by structural variants originating from trans-equatorial admixture
Get PDFThe formation of ecotypes is driven by evolutionary mechanisms that reduce gene flow through complex interactions among ecological, historical and genomic factors. In the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), marine and coastal ecotypes have been identified in the northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, yet the genomic basis of their divergence remains unclear. Here, we present the first genome-scale analysis of this species complex, integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RAD-seq data from populations spanning its distribution range. In addition to the known marine and coastal ecotypes, we identify a previously undetected lineage extending from southern Morocco, through the Canary Islands, to South Africa. This southern Atlantic lineage exhibits a gradient of admixture with northern populations near the Atlantic–Mediterranean transition zone. Genomic differentiation landscapes reveal large regions of high linkage disequilibrium, probably corresponding to 13 structural variants (SVs) segregating within or between lineages. Notably, three of the six SVs contributing to the gene flow barrier between northern ecotypes originated in the southern lineage, supporting a partially shared evolutionary history between the coastal ecotype and the southern lineage. This study highlights how SVs that arose in geographically isolated lineages can act as key genetic elements in ecotype formation, reinforcing reproductive isolation through distinct evolutionary pathways.</p
MiMapper:A Cloud-Based Multi-Hazard Mapping Tool for Nepal
Get PDFNepal is highly susceptible to natural hazards, including earthquakes, flooding, and landslides, all of which may occur independently or in combination. Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of these natural hazards, posing growing risks to Nepal’s infrastructure and development. To the authors’ knowledge, the majority of existing geohazard research in Nepal is typically limited to single hazards or localised areas. To address this gap, MiMapper was developed as a cloud-based, open-access multi-hazard mapping tool covering the full national extent. Built on Google Earth Engine and using only open-source spatial datasets, MiMapper applies an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to generate hazard indices for earthquakes, floods, and landslides. These indices are combined into an aggregated hazard layer and presented in an interactive, user-friendly web map that requires no prior GIS expertise. MiMapper uses a standardised hazard categorisation system for all layers, providing pixel-based scores for each layer between 0 (Very Low) and 1 (Very High). The modal and mean hazard categories for aggregated hazard in Nepal were Low (47.66% of pixels) and Medium (45.61% of pixels), respectively, but there was high spatial variability in hazard categories depending on hazard type. The validation of MiMapper’s flooding and landslide layers showed an accuracy of 0.412 and 0.668, sensitivity of 0.637 and 0.898, and precision of 0.116 and 0.627, respectively. These validation results show strong overall performance for landslide prediction, whilst broad-scale exposure patterns are predicted for flooding but may lack the resolution or sensitivity to fully represent real-world flood events. Consequently, MiMapper is a useful tool to support initial hazard screening by professionals in urban planning, infrastructure development, disaster management, and research. It can contribute to a Level 1 Integrated Geohazard Assessment as part of the evaluation for improving the resilience of hydropower schemes to the impacts of climate change. MiMapper also offers potential as a teaching tool for exploring hazard processes in data-limited, high-relief environments such as Nepal.</p
Integrating Artificial Intelligence in the Archival Value Chain for Born-Digital Data: A Framework for National Libraries and Archives of the UAE
No full textDigital Inclusivity of Non-Internet Users – Examining the Barriers Affecting Technology Adoption in Rural Wales
No full textITS2 and trnL trimmed sequences
No full textITS2 and trnL trimmed sequences for diet trails associated with the manuscript Evaluating the Accuracy and Application of DNA Metabarcoding for Dietary Reconstruction in Herbivores
Data supporting the paper "Construction and as-built performance of a Miscanthus straw bale house"
No full textData for bale moisture content and air permeability
Supporting Information for Heuristics for the run-length encoded Burrows–Wheeler transform alphabet ordering problem
No full textCode and data for the pape
Miscanthus biomass cell wall composition
No full textCell wall composition (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, carbon and nitrogen) from root, rhizome, and senesced leaf in different Miscanthus genotypes grown in a pot-based experiment using rhizome split from mature field plots, along with soil carbon data relating to the field grown plants