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Understanding contraception-use intentions among women of reproductive age not currently using contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa:Key insights from Demographic and Health Surveys
Get PDFBackgroundThis study assesses the prevalence of contraception-use intentions and evaluates the associated factors among non-users in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsData from 2014–2023 Demographic and Health Surveys of 30 countries in SSA consisting of 332 986 women aged 15–49 y not already using contraception were used.ResultsThe overall prevalence was 41.18% (95% CI 41.01 to 41.34%). Zimbabwe had the highest prevalence (72.34%; 95% CI 71.11 to 73.57%), whereas Ethiopia had the lowest (15.96%; 95% CI 15.40 to 16.51%). Women aged 25–49 y had lower odds of intending to use contraception compared with those aged 15–19 y, and this was striking among those aged 45–49 y (adjusted OR [AOR]=0.06, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.07). Those with a higher level of education displayed a greater likelihood of intending to use contraception (AOR=1.93, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.05) compared with those with no education. The odds increased with the number of children born, particularly for those with ≥4 children (AOR=1.59, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.67) compared with those with no children.ConclusionsPromoting the use of contraception requires tailored, multi-pronged interventions that account for the diverse sociodemographic, fertility and informational needs of women in this population
Tin, secret societies, and the slow development of the Chinese mining community in a Siam-Burma border village of Maliwun, 1840s–1890s
Get PDFThis article reconstructs the mining practices and social activities of Chinese migrants in Maliwun, a tin-rich Burmese village on the Siam-Burma border between the 1840s and 1890s. Despite its natural resources and repeated mining attempts by various stakeholders, Maliwun could not materialise its potential and was slow in tin production and community development throughout this period. By focusing on the internal dynamics among its Chinese miners, especially around the rivalling Chinese “secret societies,” this article situates the frontier mining settlement within a larger regional network of the Southeast Asian Chinese and traces its Chinese community’s evolving relationships with fellow countrymen along the southern Siamese and northern Malayan coastlines. It argues that grassroots organisations played a crucial role in the early formation of this frontier Chinese migrant community, which was sitting at the intersection of political, labour, resource, gender, and ethnic frontiers and exhibited key features of fluid boundaries and transnational networks. Yet, these impacts should not be overstated, individually or collectively. The slow development of Maliwun calls for a careful reassessment of the limitation of roles played by porous borders, hybrid interactions, and transnational networks at a historic frontier.</p
A 'New' Old Welsh Personal Name
No full textThis paper gives a new reading of an Old Welsh personal name from the Book of St Chad, arguing that the same name might occur in Gerald of Wales's list of bishops and archbishops of St Davids. Possible etymologies are discussed, and the relationship of these Welsh names with an early medieval Breton personal name is considered. This entails a clarification of the development of intervocal /b m/ in the Brittonic languages
Solution-Phase and Mechanochemical Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Thiazolo[3,2-a]Pyridine-6-Sulfonamides
No full textThis study focuses on the development of environmentally friendly and efficient synthetic routes for novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6-sulfonamide derivatives with potential antimicrobial properties. Using a one-pot multi-component approach, these heterocyclic compounds were synthesized both in solution and under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. Reactions between 1-(4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-N-phenylmethane sulfonamide, malononitrile, and aryl aldehydes led to two distinct classes of sulfonamides depending on the stoichiometry of the aldehydes used. A range of these compounds, along with structurally related analogues, was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus. Five derivatives demonstrated significant activity, particularly against S. aureus, highlighting their potential as lead compounds in the development of new antibacterial agents.</p
