Institute for Animal Husbandry
RIStocar - Repository of the Institute of Animal HusbandryNot a member yet
1121 research outputs found
Sort by
The gender and age perspectives of allostatic load
No full textThe role of chronic stress in the development of chronic diseases, especially
multimorbidity, through the pathways of increasing allostatic load, and finally,
allostatic overload (the state when a compensatory mechanism is likely to fail) is
being emphasized. However, allostatic load is a dynamic measure that changes
depending on sex, gender, age, level and type of stress, experience of a stressful
situation, and coping behaviors. Many other factors such as race, ethnicity, working
environment, lifestyle, and circadian rhythm of sleep are also important. The
aim of this paper was to synthesize the available information on allostatic load
differences, especially those connected to sex/gender and age, and to provide a
model for the future study of allostatic load, with a focus on these differences. By
carefully studying allostatic load factors, we realized that many studies do not take
this allostatic load difference into account in the analysis methods. In this paper,
we also support the idea of further research to develop new allostatic load analysis
strategies that will include all knowledge about sex/gender differences and that
will, in more detail, explain numerous changeable social and educational factors
that are currently accepted as biological ones. Furthermore, specific allostatic
load biomarkers are expressed differently in different age groups, indicating that
the discrepancies cannot be attributed solely to sex/gender disparities. This kind
of approach can be valuable, not only for better explaining the differences in
the frequency and age of onset of chronic diseases and multimorbidity, but also
for the potential planning and development of preventive actions based on the
aforementioned sex/gender and age disaparities, in order to prevent the most
frequent diseases and to establish specific biomarker cut-off values for each sex/
gender and age group
Base Characteristics, Preservation Methods, and Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Autochthonous Breeds of Cattle, Sheep and Pigs in Serbia: A Review
Get PDFPreserving local autochthonous domestic animal populations and the products derived
from them is a crucial aspect of managing human utilization of the biosphere. This management
approach aims to ensure sustainable benefits for both present and future generations. The diversity of autochthonous domestic animal populations plays a vital role in the functionality and sustainability of the food production system. It encompasses both productive and non-productive aspects, contributing significantly to the overall health, nutrition, and food security of the landscape by providing a wide range of animal-derived food resources. Based on the data contained in the Draft Program of Rural Development, a significant presence of more than 44 autochthonous and local breeds of domestic animals has been noted in Serbia. In order to enable the sustainable preservation of local domestic animals, the competent Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia has, through a number of projects, implemented models for the preservation of local breeds on farms (in situ), as well as provided technical assistance to small farms that keep animal collections. It also helps the local population to procure animals, conducts product quality research, and provides opportunities to integrate conservation programs through tourism. Given that molecular characterization is a key factor for the preservation of autochthonous breeds, in the Republic of Serbia, DNA markers are used for identification and to investigate the belonging to a specific breeds or strain. All the mentioned activities led to an immediate increase in the number of animals, which is especially true for the autochthonous breeds of cattle (Busha), sheep (Sjenicka, Svrljiska, and Vlach-vitohorn) and pigs (Mangalitsa, Moravka, and Resavka) that are discussed in this paper. In addition to the significant measures undertaken to preserve animal genetic resources (AnGR), it is necessary to continue to work primarily on ex situ conservation in order to prevent the loss of their gene pools. However, regardless of the evident effort that has been made to preserve autochthonous genetic resources in Serbia, we believe that there is still a lot of room for further improvement. This primarily refers to advanced technologies that have not been applied so far, mostly related to the identification of genomic regions associated with economic traits, resistance to diseases, and adaptability to emerging climate changes. In this way, the production capacity and functional characteristics of autochthonous species and breeds of domestic animals in Serbia will be improved
Trend analysis of cadmium in feedstuff
Get PDFHeavy metals are potent metabolic inhibitors. Cadmium is considered a non-essential element and
has high emissions in the biosphere due to anthropogenic activities. The aim is to indicate the importance of
cadmium in feedstuff as a potential contamination source. Microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrometry were used to examine 298 feedstuff samples. A high amount of cadmium above
permitted is present in 0.67% of samples. Continuous cadmium monitoring is necessary to prevent its
uncontrolled entry into the food chain
Krmna vrednost ozime i jare smeše stočnog graška i ovsa
No full textСточни грашак и овас су две крмне биљке које се веома добро комбинују у смеши, како при сетви и гајењу, тако и приносом и квалитетом крме. Смешу карактерише краткак вегетациони период, позитивно деловање на земљиште и добра отпорност на корове, болести и полегање.
Вишегодишњим истраживањем на огледним пољима Института за сточарство у Београду су гајене смеше овса и грашка у озимој и јарој сетви. Испитивање у озимој сетви je обухватило 3 сорте (домаћа Космај, хрватске ОС Адам и ОС Летин) и њихове смеше (100% грашак:10% овас; 100% грашак:20% овас) за сваку сорту, састављене адитивном методом и четири контроле (чист усев сваке сорте засебно). У оквиру јаре сетве испитивани су: прихрана минералним азотом (0, 40 и 80 кг ха-1), сетвени однос сточног грашка и овса у смеши (100:15% и 100:30%) са два контролна усева (чист сточни грашак и чист овас) и оптимално време кошења (фаза пуног цветања и фаза формирања махуна усева сточног грашка).
Принос свеже масе у озимој сетви је највећи код сорте Космај (21,5 т ха-1) и Адам (27,9 т ха-1), док је безлисна сорта Летин испољила најмањи принос (12,8 т ха-1), како појединачно, тако и у смешама. Просечан принос свеже масе је значајно већи у смеши грашка и овса 100:20%, него у смеши 100:10% и чистом усеву. Принос суве масе такође је највећи у смеши 100:20%, али не значајно већи у односу на смешу 100:10% и чистом усеву. Лиснате сорте ОС Адам (164 г кг-1) и Космај (153 г кг-1) су оствариле већи садржај протеина у односу на сорту Летин (136 г кг-1). Због поменутих анализираних вредности и ниске компетитивности овса у озимој смеши са грашком, однос ове две врсте не би требало да буде мањи од 100:20% у сетвеној норми.
При јарој сетви азотно ђубриво и различите норме сетве имале су значајан утицај на приносе биомасе, сена и сирових протеина. У просеку, највећи приноси сена су остварени са 80 кг N ха−1 (4,96 т ха−1), затим са 40 кг N ха−1 (4,27 т ха−1). Највећи приноси протеина постигнути су са 40 кг N ха−1 (704 кг ха−1), затим са 80 кг N ха−1 (638 кг ха−1). У просеку, смеша 100:30% имала је већи принос сена (4,82 т ха −1) и мањи принос сирових протеина (693 кг ха−1) у поређењу са смешом 100:15% (4,44 т ха−1 и 730 кг ха−1).
Са азотним ђубривом трошкови нису значајно повећани, али је нето добит повећана за 163%, у зависности од нивоа азота и смеше. Азотно ђубриво такође постиже већу економску ефикасност смеше 100:15% у односу на смешу 100:30%. Смеше пољског грашка и овса надмашују појединачне усеве и обезбеђују економичну храну за кратко време. Коришћење оптималних односа семена и азотног ђубрива може се значајно повећати продуктивност и профитабилност хране за преживаре са минималним утицајем на укупне трошкове производње
The effect of breeding region and animals breed on milk production traits of dairy cows under heat stress conditions
No full textHeat stress has become a significant and frequent issue on dairy cattle farms. This study aimed to determine the variability in daily milk production traits due to breeding region and breed. The analysis utilized 194,834 test-day records. Results indicated that cows in the Podunavski region achieved the highest daily milk yield (18.61 kg/day), followed by the Šumadijski (17.64 kg/day) and Mačvanski regions (16.94 kg/day). Holstein-Friesian cows produced the most milk (18.91 kg/day), followed by Red Holstein (18.84 kg/day), Simmental (16.67 kg/day), and Brown Swiss cows (16.51 kg/day). Brown Swiss cows had the highest milk fat content (4.04%), while Simmental and Holstein cows showed higher milk protein content (3.21%). The study underscores the importance of considering regional and breed-specific factors in managing heat stress, advocating for balanced selective breeding and tailored management practices to enhance resilience and sustain dairy production amid climate change
Povećanje proizvodnih efekata ovaca programskom kontrolom infekcije parazitima
No full textUnapređenje ovčarske proizvodnje vezano je za rešavanje niza različitih problema, koji
imaju za cilj prvenstveno povećanje ekonomičnosti uz očuvanje zdravlja i dobrobiti životinja.
Načinom gajenja koji je u već vekovima ustaljen kod ovaca stiče se niz uslova koji pogoduju
razvoju i održavanju velikog broja oboljenja različite etiologije. Među njima, jedno od vodećih
mesta zauzimaju parazitske infekcije.
U okviru ovog tehničkog rešenja cilj je bio uvođene mera za adekvatnu i sveobuhvatnu
kontrolu parazitskih infekcija ovaca na pašnjacima u cilju pobolšanja proizvodnih rezultata ovaca
MICROCLIMATE CONDITIONS AS AN INDICATOR OF CALF WELFARE QUALITY
Get PDFMicroclimatic conditions in facilities for housing and rearing young category of breeding dairy cattle at the first 30 days after birth, have a significant impact on the quality of welfare, especially in intensive production. The parameters most often taken into account when evaluating microclimate conditions are: temperature and air humidity, the mutual relationship of which represents the THI (temperature-humid index) index; speed of air flow; air quality (presence of dust and ammonia) and level of light in the facility.
The quality of the microclimate in the facilities is directly influenced by the climatic conditions in the external environment, therefore study period on 2 farms (A and B) with an intensive production system was divided into 4 seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer). Holstein Friesian calves were observed in the period from birth to 30 days of age.
The worst microclimatic conditions were recorded during the summer season on both farms (1129 on farm A and 1114 calves on farm B suffered), while the situation was more favorable during the colder period. Also, the best conditions, on both farms, were provided for calves in the first 7 days of life. The most unfavorable impact was the high air temperature, while the air flow, paradoxically, improved the air quality, especially during that period.
The overall welfare quality score was similar on the observed farms, 2.25 on farm A and 2.12 on farm B, which can be considered acceptable. At the same time, it indicates the presence of serious problems, the solution of which must be approached most seriously
Effect of breed and breeding districts on the reduction of milk production in cows during heat stress
No full textGlobal warming and rising air temperatures are expected to directly affect summer
milk production in dairy cows across Europe, particularly in regions with
high dairy cattle concentrations. The impact on milk production may vary widely,
as cows respond differently to environmental changes. They adapt more easily to
favorable conditions but struggle with sudden stressors. This paper reviews the
climatic influences on milk production and cow behavior under heat stress, categorizing
impacts into indirect long-term effects and direct short-term effects. Economic
losses in milk production can be assessed using the milk prediction decline
(MPD) feature, demonstrated for four cow breeds in three districts of Serbia
IZAZOVI U NOVOM SISTEMU OBELEŽAVANJA PROIZVODA U MESNOJ INDUSTRIJI
Get PDFEnhancing diet quality is a pivotal strategy in the battle against non-communicable
diseases (NCDs) and a cornerstone of public health policy. The Nutri-Score, a front-of-pack
(FOP) labeling system featuring five color-coded letters (A-E), serves as a beacon, guiding
consumers towards healthier prepackaged foods. This system has a profound effect on
consumer awareness, perception, comprehension, and purchasing behavior, potentially
leading to a significant reduction in NCD prevalence. Despite their status as essential protein
sources, processed meats have been associated with numerous diseases. By directing
consumers towards healthier options through FOP labeling, such as the Nutri-Score, we can
potentially alleviate the burden of diet-related diseases. This study classified processed meat
products by Nutri-Score to identify nutritionally better options. Analyzing 387 products from
major supermarket chains in Belgrade, Serbia, revealed most processed meats fell into classes
D and E. Dried meat products and finely ground cooked sausages were ranked more
favorably than dry-cured and dry fermented sausages. Significant improvements in Nutri-
Score were seen in products with lower sodium chloride and saturated fats. Thus, some
processed meats are nutritionally superior within their group, offering potential health
benefits to those who choose them. Adopting FOP labeling systems like Nutri-Score is not
just beneficial, but essential for steering consumers toward healthier dietary choices and
supporting public health goals to reduce NCDs.Poboljšanje kvaliteta ishrane predstavlja ključnu strategiju u borbi protiv hroničnih
nezaraznih bolesti (HNB) i kamen temeljac politike javnog zdravlja. Nutri-Score predstavlja
nutrituvni sistem obeležavanja na prednjoj strani pakovanja (FOP) se služi kombinacijom pet
slova (A-E) označenih sa pet različitih boja, u cilju da potrošače vodi ka zdravijim izborima
namirnica. Ovaj sistem ima značajan uticaj na svest potrošača, percepciju, razumevanje i
ponašanje prilikom kupovine, što potencijalno dovodi do značajnog smanjenja prevalencije
HNB. Uprkos tome što predstvlja esencijalni izvor proteina, mesne prerađevine se dovode u
vezu sa brojnim bolestima. Usmeravanjem potrošača ka zdravijim opcijama kroz FOP
označavanje, kao što je Nutri-Score, potencijalno možemo da ublažimo prevalencu bolesti
povezanih sa ishranom. U ovom radu mesne prerađevine su klasifikovane prema Nutri-Score-
u kako bi se identifikovale nutritivne karakteristike različitih grupa proizvoda od mesa.
Analizom 387 proizvoda iz najvećih lanaca supermarketa u Beogradu, u Srbiji, otkriveno je
da većina prouvoda od mesa svrstana u klasu D i E. Dimljeni proizvodi i fino usitnjene
barene kobasice su bolje rangirane od suvomesnatih proizvoda i fermentisanih kobasica.
Značajna poboljšanja u Nutri-Score-u primećena su kod proizvoda sa nižim sadržajem
natrijum hlorida i zasićenih masti. Shodno tome, određeni proizvodi od mesa su nutritivno
superiorniji unutar svoje grupe, nudeći potencijalne zdravstvene koristi onima koji ih izaberu.
Usvajanje sistema obeležavanja FOP-a kao što je Nutri-Score nije samo korisno, već je od
suštinskog značaja za usmeravanje potrošača ka zdravijim dijetarnim izborima i podržavanje
ciljeva javnog zdravlja za smanjenje HNB