Publikationer från Umeå universitet
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Matematikundervisning för ett dynamiskt mindset – En praktiknära studie i lågstadiet
No full text Vår studie syftade till att undersöka om matematiklektioner som planerats utifrån stöd för ett dynamiskt matematiskt mindset har en påverkan på elevers utveckling av det. Fyra matematiklektioner planerades och utfördes i två lågstadieklasser. De planerades utifrån Jo Boalers forskning kring lektionsaspekterna: öppna uppgifter, valbarhet av nivå och lärande tillsammans fördelar för elevers dynamiska matematiska mindset. Datainsamlingen skedde genom intervjuer där lärarna fick berätta om sina elevers agerande under lektionerna. Detta analyserades sedan utifrån Carol Dweck och Jo Boalers definitioner av ett dynamiskt mindset genom kategorierna ansträngning är viktigt, motgångar är okej och tro på sin egen förmåga. Vår studie gav därmed resultatet att lektioner som har planeras med stöd för att främja elevers utveckling av ett dynamiskt matematiskt mindset, leder till att elever uppvisar indikationer som skulle kunna tyda på ett sådant mindset.
Clustering of rooms with machine learning : A comparative study on K-prototypes, DBSCAN and hierarchical clustering
No full textUppsatsen undersöker prestationen hos tre oövervakade maskininlärningsalgoritmer för klustring, K-prototypes, Hierarkisk Klustring och Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). Metoderna tillämpades på ett datamaterial med olika datanivåer bestående av kategoriska och numeriska variabler. Variablerna är de tekniska och fysiska egenskaperna av bokningsbara lokaler på Umeå universitet. Uppsatsen fokuserar på att utvärdera hur bra metoderna identifierar meningsfulla grupper av lokaler. Klusterkvalitet utvärderas med Silhouette Score, Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI), Calinski-Harabasz Index (CHI) och Adjusted Rand Index (ARI). Resultaten visar att K-prototypes uppnådde det högsta Sihouette Score (0,854) vilket tyder på väl separerade kluster som består av lokaler med liknande egenskaper. DBSCAN och Hierarkiska klustringen identifierade liknande kluster (ARI = 0,858), vilket tyder på att de identifierade liknande strukturer i datamaterialet. Uppsatsen belyser utmaningen med att hitta klustringsalgoritmer för data med olika datanivåer samt att identifiera jämförbara utvärderingsmått för centroid-, längd- och täthetsbaserade algoritmer. Resultaten ger insikter i valet av lämpliga klustringsmodeller för gruppering av lokaler baserat på data av olika datanivåer. This thesis explores the performance of three unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithms, K-prototypes, Hierarchical Clustering and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). The methods were applied to a dataset containing a mix of categorical and numerical variables describing the technical and physical features of bookable rooms at Umeå University. The focus of the study is on evaluating how well the methods identify meaningful groups of rooms. The clustering quality was evaluated using Silhouette Score, David-Bouldin Index (DBI), Calinski-Harabasz Index (CHI) and Adjusted Rand Index (ARI). The results produced showed that K-prototypes achieved the highest Silhouette Score (0,854) indicating well separated cluster with similar rooms within them. DBSCAN and Hierarchical Clustering identified more similar clusters between them (ARI = 0,858), suggesting that they identified similar structures in the data. The thesis highlights the challenges of finding clustering algorithms for data of mixed types and good evaluation methods for centroid versus density-based and distance-based algorithms. These findings offer insight into the selection of suitable clustering models for grouping rooms based on mixed data
Pharmacological treatment and psychiatric polypharmacy in forensic psychiatric care in Sweden
No full textBackground: Patients in forensic psychiatric care (FPC) are commonly treated with a wide range of psychotropic medications. There is, however, a lack of understanding regarding how pharmacological treatment and psychotropic polypharmacy are used throughout care. Method: This register-based cohort study included patients admitted to FPC in Sweden between 2009 and 2020. We estimated the prevalence of the use of major psychotropic medication, as well as psychotropic polypharmacy, at admission and discharge. We also examined the change in antipsychotic use after admission. Results: In total, 1962 patients were included. Antipsychotics were the most used psychotropic medication class, with 86.2% (95%CI: 84.5 - 87.8) of patients receiving at least one typical or atypical antipsychotic at admission. Changes in the antipsychotic regime were more common in the beginning of FPC, compared to later time points. Within the subgroup of patients discharged during the study period (n=561), there was a reduction in the use of typical antipsychotics (admission: 34.9%; discharge: 26.6%) and hypnotics and sedatives (admission: 37.4%; discharge: 28.1%). Other major medication classes remained relatively stable. The prevalence of psychiatric polypharmacy at admission was 70.6% (95%CI: 68.5 - 72.7) and remained similar during care. Conclusions: Our study documented a high prevalence of antipsychotic use and psychotropic polypharmacy through FPC. Further, a high level of off-label antipsychotic use and antipsychotic polypharmacy was observed. Stronger evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of those treatment strategies is needed
Fear and loss : violent fathers’ impact on children’s and mothers’ lives after fleeing from home
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate violent fathers’ impact on children’s and mothers’ lives after fleeing violence in their homes. The study is based on interviews with children aged 7–17 (n = 13) and mothers (n = 14) of young children (age 0–6 years) in Sweden. Eight children and five mothers in the sample were still living in domestic violence shelters at the time of the interview. The thematic analysis resulted in two major themes, Fear and Loss, revealing the fear of violence, abduction, and the consequences of visitation, and the loss of home, social relations, and identity. The results are discussed with the help of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The conclusion shows that the impact of fathers’ violence has far-reaching consequences, both directly and indirectly, and that children’s and mothers’ lives continue to be affected long after they leave their home to seek protection
Uniform på sociala medier : Polisers motiv och perspektiv på att synas i uniform på sociala medier
No full textSocial media has become an important platform for communication and information dissemination, both for private individuals and public authorities. This study aimed to provide insight into how individual police officers perceive and manage their professional role in relation to social media, with particular focus on their motives for appearing in uniform on their private accounts. The data was collected through interviews with police officers who actively choose to appear in uniform on their personal platforms. The findings reveal that police officers’ motivations for this visibility vary, but commonly include the desire to increase transparency, strengthen public trust, and inform the public about the police profession and its societal mission. At the same time the results highlight the officers' awareness of the blurred boundary between their private identity and professional role online. A recurring theme is that appearing in uniform carries symbolic weight and is rarely interpreted by the public as a purely personal expression. Importantly the study shows that a police officer’s presence in uniform on social media can affect public trust not only for the individual officer, but also for the police authority as a whole. Inappropriate or unreflective use of the uniform in these contexts may risk undermining institutional credibility. Therefore, a deliberate and reflective approach is necessary when navigating the intersection of personal expression and professional representation online
The critical work of social workers in person-centered care : insights from a cross-sector collaboration in Denmark for refugees with PTSD
No full textSiloed mental health and social services fail to meet complex care needs. Cross-sector collaborations are thus spreading, including those involving patients. However, pathways to success are scarcely studied. Guided by Interpretive Description methodology, we qualitatively explore the work of mental health social workers in facilitating collaboration between mental health services, employment services, and refugee patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in Denmark. We identify and elaborate on two types of work carried out by social workers that appear critical for the collaboration: relational work and negotiation work. This work ensures action plans resonate with the refugees’ needs and enable person-centered care
A qualitative study on the interaction betweenwomen exposed to violence and drug-abusingpartners
No full textVåld i nära relationer är ett välstuderat forskningsämne, dock är forskningen mer begränsad där partnern har ett aktivt narkotikamissbruk. Vilket tydliggör ett behov av vidare forskning kring samspelet mellan våld i nära relation och missbruk, med en utgångspunkt ur den våldsutsatta kvinnans perspektiv. Denna studie är uppbyggd på en kvalitativstudie där vi undersöker hur kvinnors levnadsförhållanden ser ut när de lever med en narkotikamissbrukande partner, hur kvinnors livssituation ser ut där det finns ett ömsesidigt narkotikamissbruk i en nära relation samt samhällets fördomar kring att leva med en narkotikamissbrukande partner. Vi har använt oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer där vi har valt att intervjua anställda inom kvinnojouren. Analysen av datamaterialet har en tematisk utgångspunkt där vi har undersökt gemensamma teman och mönster. Resultatet visar att våldsutsatta kvinnor vars partner är i ett aktivt narkotikamissbruk genomlider mer oförutsägbart och grövre våld. Resultatet visar även att kvinnor som lever med en partner i aktivt narkotikamissbruk och själva har ett aktivt narkotikamissbruk löper en större risk för dubbelutsatthet. Slutligen visar resultatet att det existerar fördomar och stigma kring att leva med en narkotikamissbrukande partner
Learning environment and students' sense of belonging : A qualitative study on changing the view of what teaching standards implies
No full textDenna studie undersökte hur pedagogiska anpassningar för elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar (NPF) tillämpades i praktiken och hur dessa påverkade tillgänglighet, delaktighet och arbetsro för hela elevgruppen. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sju pedagoger identifierades faktorer som bidrog till exkludering, såsom otrygga lärmiljöer, bristande struktur och otillräckligt organisatoriskt stöd. Samtidigt framkom främjande faktorer, exempelvis relationellt bemötande, tydlighet, elevdelaktighet och kollegial samsyn. Resultaten visade att ett förebyggande, styrkebaserat och relationellt arbetssätt inte enbart gynnade elever med särskilda behov, utan även bidrog till en mer inkluderande och hållbar skolverksamhet för alla elever. Studien problematiserade därmed spänningen mellan idealet om en skola för alla och skolans faktiska villkor, och belyste behovet av strukturella förändringar för att möjliggöra verklig inkludering. Learning environment and students' sense of belonging -A qualitative study on changing the view of what teaching standards implies This study examined how pedagogical adaptations for students with neurodevelopmental disorders were implemented in practice and how these influenced accessibility, participation, and a calm learning environment for the entire student group. Through qualitative interviews with seven educators, the study identified factors contributing to exclusion, such as unsafe learning environments, lack of structure, and insufficient organizational support. At the same time, several inclusive factors were highlighted, including relational approaches, clarity, student involvement, and collegial consensus. The findings indicated that a preventative, strength-based, and relationship-oriented approach benefited not only students with special educational needs but also contributed to a more inclusive and sustainable school environment. The study thereby problematized the tension between the ideal of “a school for all” and the actual conditions within the school system, underscoring the need for structural changes to enable genuine inclusion.
Keeping Fashion on Trend: : A Case Study of the Challenges with Routine Emergence
No full textOrganisational routines have held the curiosity of administrative sciences for decades proving to be an internal method for affecting organisational performance. Although, when looking into the fashion industry working towards sustainability, organisational routine theories fail to address how fashion brands can use routines for sustainability. The most common organisational routine theories generally identify what makes strong vs. weak routines, how they can affect organisational flexibility, and their effect on anorganisation’s capabilities. However, these theories have yet to identify how the fashionindustry can use theories on routines to work with sustainability issues. The fashionindustry is one of the highest polluting commercial industries, accounting for massiveeffects on social and environmental sustainability. The fashion industry’s effects on theplanet have made governments and regulatory bodies hold these brands accountable andemphasise the need to do more. Routines have the potential to affect fashion brandsinternally on creating new methods to target sustainability on a recurring basis. Therefore, this study aims to understand what challenges may arise in routine emergence targeting sustainability objectives. With the use of a case study on a prominent Swedish fashion house, this study holds an in-depth investigation into the specific challenges teams experience in routine emergence. The study was conducted through a case study, using qualitative interviews with multipledepartments within TFH. The study’s respondents work within a variety of teams accounting for many perspectives on routines for sustainability. This study’s findings portray one main narrative for what challenges could be faced for firms using routine emergence to cultivate sustainable routines: essential elements for routine emergence. These findings provide clarity for the applicability, usefulness, challenges of routine emergence and maintenance within a luxury Swedish fashion house.This study concludes with a proposed framework to help managers and practitionersproactively address the challenges in routine emergence
