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Efikasnost fungicida u suzbijanju pegavosti lišća cvekle (Cercospora beticola)
Get PDFCercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola, is significant disease of plants from the family Chenopodiaceae. The disease regularly occurs on sensitive genotypes of beetroot. In order to maximise economical benefits from beetroot production and to achieve high yields, it is necessary to protect crop against this disease by using appropriate fungicides in conditions that promote the infection and disease development. In this this paper, the efficiency of fungicides on the basis azoxystrobin, maneb and flutriafol was examined. The experiment was set up by EPPO standards (EPPO PP1/1 (4)). Fungicides were applied using a back sprayer. The aim of the research was to examine the efficiency of fungicides based on various active substances in field conditions and to determine disease intensity in order to recommend the most effective fungicide. Fungicides with the highest efficiency were on base azoxystrobin (90,5%) and flutrafol (91,4%). The untreated control and plots treated with maneb showed the highest disease intensity: 10,5% and 9,5%, respectively.Pegavost lišća cvekle je jedna od najznačajnijih bolesti biljaka familije Chenopodiaceae. Bolest se redovno javlja posebno na osetljivim genotipovima cvekle. Radi ekonomičnije proizvodnje cvekle i postizanja visokih prinosa, a samim tim i kvaliteta sirovine neophodno je vršiti hemijski zaštitu od ove bolesti, primenom odgovarajućih fungicida. U ovom radu je ispitivana efikasnost fungicida na bazi: azoksistrobina, maneba i flutriafola. Ogled je postavljen po EPPO standardima (EPPO PP1/1 (4)). Tretiranja su obavljena pomoću leđne prskalice. Zadatak istraživanja je bio da se u poljskim uslovima ispita efikasnost fungicida na bazi različitih aktivnih materija kao i da se utvrdi intenzitet oboljenja po varijantama, a cilj davanje preporuke o najefikasnijoj varijanti primene fungicida. Fungicidi sa najvećom efikasnosti po varijanti su bili na bazi azoksistrobina (90,5%) i flutriafola (91,4%), a intenzitet oboljenja je bio najmanji na varijanti tretiranom flutriafolom (0,9%) i azoksistrobinom (1,0%), dok je na kontrolnoj varijanti bio najveći (10,5%), kao i na varijanti tretiranom manebom (9,5%)
Prinos sorti žutog zvezdana na zemljištu bazne reakcije
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to analyze the forage and seed yield of birdsfoot trefoil cultivars on the soil base reaction. The field trial was set 2014th in Čačak on soil type fluvisol (pHH2O 7.8). The experiment was set a randomized complete block design with three replications with a plot size of 6x1m. The birdsfoot trefoil cultivars K-37, Zora and Bull were planted at a row spacing of 12.5 cm and a seeding rate of 10 kg ha-1. Cultivars among themselves, did not differ significantly in terms of forage yield, hay yield and dry matter content. The average forage yield in the first cut in the second year of cultivation was 26.53 t ha-1. The forage yield in the first cut in the third year of cultivation was 26.56 t ha-1 and in the second cut 11.77 t ha-1. The average seed yield of cultivars in the second growth in the second year of cultivation was 472.3 kg ha-1. Birdsfoot trefoil cultivars among themselves, did not differ significantly in terms of seed yield components. However, Zora cultivar had significantly higher seed yield potential, compared to other cultivars. These results do not differ from results obtained under similar conditions on acid soil.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se analizira prinos krme i semena sorti žutog zvezdana na zemljištu bazne reakcije. Ogled je postavljen 2014. godine u Čačku na zemljištu tipa fluvisol (pHH2O 7,8). Poljski eksperiment je postavljen po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu u tri ponavljanja, sa veličinom elementarne parcele 6x1m. Sorte žutog zvezdana K-37, zora i Bull su zasejane na rastojanju 12,5 cm međuredno, sa količinom semena 10 kg ha-1. Sorte se među sobom nisu značajno razlikovale u pogledu prinosa krme, prinosa sena i sadržaja suve materije. Prosečan prinos krme u prvom otkosu u drugoj godini proizvodnje je bio 26,53 t ha-1. Prinos krme u prvom otkosu u trećoj godini proizvodnje je bio 26,56 t ha-1, a u drugom otkosu 11,77 t ha-1. Prosečan prinos semena sorti u drugom porastu u drugoj godini gajenja je bio 472,3 kg ha-1. Sorte žutog zvezdana se među sobom nisu značajno razlikovale u pogledu komponenti prinosa semena. Međutim, sorta zora je imala značajno veći potencijalni prinos semena u odnosu na ostale sorte. Navedeni rezultati se ne razlikuju od rezultata dobijenih u sličnim uslovima na kiselom zemljišu
Biološko-proizvodne osobine sorte jagode‘Leatitia’ na području Čačka
Get PDFThe paper presents results of the research of vegetative and generative potential, phenological properties and fruit quality of the promising strawberry cultivar ‘Leatitia’ in the 2016–2017 period. Significantly higher values of all tested parameters of vegetative, generative potential, productivity and fruit mass were determined in the second experimental year. High firmness values were determined in both years of the research, while significantly higher phenolics content and antioxidative capacity were registered in the fruits the second year after planting. Spread of the strawberry cultivar ‘Leatitia’ in production practices can be recommended primarily because of the late ripening, high productivity and very high quality of fruits.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja vegetativnog, generativnog potencijala, fenoloških osobina i kvaliteta ploda perspektivne sorte jagode ‘Leatitia’ u periodu 2016–2017. godine. U drugoj eksprimentalnoj godini, utvrđene su značajno više vrednosti svih ispitivanih parametara vegetativnog, generativnog potencijala, produktivnosti i mase ploda. Visoke vrednosti čvrstine ploda utvrđene su u obe godine istraživanja, dok su značajno veći fenolni sadržaj i antioksidativni kapacitet registrovani u plodovima jagode u drugoj godini nakon sadnje. Širenje sorte jagode ‘Leatitia’ u proizvodnjoj praksi može se preporučiti prevashodno zbog kasnog vremena zrenja, visoke rodnosti i veoma kvalitetnog ploda
Sektorijalna otpornost šljive prema virusu Šarke šljive
Get PDFPlum sectorial resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) is manifested in the part of a crown of a plum tree which is infected by PPV. There is no presence of PPV or symptoms of desease (sharka) in that part of the crown of a plum tree. This type of resistance was found in three plum cvs. Čačanska Rodna, Stanley and Crvena Ranka. Sectorial resistance was succesfully transmitted and proven by double grafting. Two buds were grafted to the same rootstock of the Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.). One bud was a carier of the PPV and the other was a carier of the resistance to the PPV. Both of the buds developed healthy shoots. Among the three examened plum cvs. the best results were obtained with cv. Crvena ranka, foolowed by cv. Stanley. The weakest sectorial resistance showed to be in cv. Čačanska rodna.Sektorijalna otpornost šljive prema virusu šarke šljive (VŠŠ) ispoljava se u delu krune stabala šljive obolelih od šarke. U tom delu krune VŠŠ nije prisutan niti se na tom delu biljke ispoljavaju simptomi oboljenja (šarke). Ta otpornost je nađena kod tri genotipa šljive i to kod Čačanske rodne, Stanley-a i Crvene ranke. Sektorijalna otpornost je dokazana i preneta dvojnim kalemljenjem. Na iste podloge od džanarike (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) nanošena su po dva pupoljka: jedan od njih je nosio sektorijalnu otpornost a drugi VŠŠ. Oba izrasla lastara su zdrava. Od tri ispitivana genotipa šljive sektorijalna otpornost je najizraženija kod Crvene ranke, sledi sorta Stenley a najslabija sektorijalna otpornost je nađena kod sorte Čačanska rodna
Uticaj radnog režima traktora na životnu sredinu
Get PDFThe paper presents and analyzes the results of the exhaust emission measurement, depending on the tractor operating regime. The goal of this paper was to analyze the influence of the operating regime, that is, two different values of the engine crankshaft rotation speed and two different levels of transmission, to the exhaust emission level. In addition, the paper presents a brief overview of the technical solutions for the subsequent treatment of exhaust gases. The results shown allow comparison of the working regimes of the tested tractor models YTO X1204 and Foton 904. The research also shows how many operators with technical limitations on the tractor, knowledge and techniques of using the machine can contribute to a lower level of exhaust emissions (CO2, NO, NO2, NOX, SO2, O2) of built-in engines in tractors.U radu su prikazani i analizirani rezultati merenja izduvne emisije, u zavisnosti od radnog režima traktora. Cilj rada je analiza uticaja radnog režima, odnosno dve različite vrednosti broja obrtaja kolenastog vratila motora traktora i dva različita stepena prenosa, na nivo izduvne emisije. Pored toga rad prikazuje i kratak pregled tehničkih rešenja naknadnog tretmana izduvnih gasova. Prikazani rezultati omogućuju poređenje radnih režima ispitivanih modela traktora “YTO X1204” i “Foton 904”. Istraživanje takođe pokazuje koliko rukovaoci – operateri na traktorima uz tehnička ograničenja traktora, znanjem i tehnikom upotrebe mašine mogu doprineti nižem stepenu izduvne emisije gasova (CO2, NO, NO2, NOX, SO2, O2) ugrađenih motora u traktore
Fenološka proučavanja sorti breskve na području Dubravske visoravni u Hercegovini
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine dynamic and energy of flowering, as well as phenophase of ripening for peach varieties Maycrest, Springcrest, Spring Lady, Rich Lady and Elegant Lady in the area of Dubrave plateau in Herzegovina in 2009-2011 period. The results of research show that statistical differences does not exist in the beginning of flowering between varieties (1-3 days), there is correlation between the beginning of flowering and ripening. Climatic factors had significantly great influence on the the beginning and the duration of the flowering of peaches, and therefore in the areas with increased risk of spring frosts it is recommended to cultivate varieties with later flowering period.Cilj rada je ispitivanje dinamike i energije cvjetanja, te fenofaze zrenja sorti breskve Maycrest, Springcrest, Spring Lady, Rich Lady i Elegant Lady na području Dubravske visoravni u Hercegovini u periodu od 2009-2011. godine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da nisu ispoljene značajne razlike u vremenu početka cvjetanja između sorti (svega 1-3 dana), niti postoji korelacija između vremena cvjetanja i zrenja. Na početak i trajanje cvjetanja breskve znatno veći utjecaj imali su klimatski faktori, te se u područjima povećane opasnosti od proljetnih mrazeva preporučuje gajenje sorti kasnijeg vremena cvjetanja
Uticaj dugogodišnjeg izostavljanja hraniva na komponente prinosa i prinos ozime pšenice
Get PDFIn a long-term field experiment carried out at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad examined the effect of eight fertilization treatments with different quantities and ratios of N, P2O5 i K2O on the yield components and yield of winter wheat cultivar NS Ilina. Long-term omission of certain nutrients has significantly affected all yield components and grain yield. At all analyzed traits, the highest values were obtained at fertilizing with all three nutrients and at least on variants with single application of only phosphorus or potassium, as well as on a double variant without use of nitrogen. The largest influence on all analyzed traits had nitrogen fertilization.Na dugotrajnom poljskom ogledu izvedenom na Institutu za Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad, ispitivan je efekat osam varijanti đubrenja različitim količinama i odnosima N, P2O5 i K2O na komponente prinosa i prinos ozime sorte pšenice NS Ilina. Dugogodišnje izostavljanje pojedinih hraniva pri đubrenju značajno se odrazilo na komponente prinosa i prinos zrna. Kod svih analiziranih svojstava najveće vrednosti dobijane su pri đubrenju sa sva tri hraniva, a najmanje na varijantama sa pojedinačnom primenom fosfora ili kalijuma (P100 i K100), kao i na dvojnoj varijanti bez primene azota (P100K100). Najveći uticaj na sve analizirane osobine imalo je đubrenje azotom
enological Development of Triticale Varieties Depending On the Weather Conditions
Get PDFA field experiment was set in the period 2014-2017 on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Field Crops of the Agricultural Academy, Chirpan. Three triticale varieties were used: Colorit, Boomerang and Respect. With the aim of establishing the effect of the temperature and precipitation conditions of the year on the phenological development of triticale varieties, the sum of the active temperatures, the average temperature for the period and the sum of precipitation were calculated for each stage period. From a tillering to a maturity stage within the different varieties, a different duration of the growth stage periods is observed. These differences contribute to a better clarification of the biological requirements of the studied varieties
Hemijske karakteristike analoga sira sa dodatkom biljnih masti i mlečnih proteina
Get PDFThe chemical characteristics of the cheese analogue, which is produced with the addition of vegetable fats and milk proteins, were investigated. The proven fat content in the cheese analogue is 41,39%, which indicates that it is a full-fat product. The average content of total proteins was 6,96% (lower than the usual range for cheese analogues – 11,60% to 14,40%), which can be explained by selecting raw materials and production technology. The mean pH value is slightly lower (4,85) compared to the data of other authors (4,7 to 5,7), and can be attributed to the high content of free fatty acids originating from a mixture of vegetable fats. The NaCl content was 4,19%. The ash content was slightly higher (5,24%) than the results of other authors (4,36%).U radu su ispitivane hemijske karakteristike analoga sira, koji se proizvodi sa dodatkom biljnih masti i mlečnih proteina. Dokazani sadržaj masti u analogu sira je 41,39%, što ukazuje da je to punomasni proizvod. Prosečan sadržaj ukupnih proteina je bio 6,96% (niže od uobičajenog opsega za analoge sireva - 11,60% do 14,40%), što se može objasniti odabirom sirovine i tehnologijom proizvodnje. Srednja vrednost pH je nešto niža (4,85) u odnosu na podatke drugih autora (4,7 do 5,7), i može se pripisati visokom sadržaju slobodnih masnih kiselina poreklom od mešavine biljnih masti. Sadržaj NaCl je bio 4,19%. Sadržaj pepela je bio nešto viši u (5,24%) u odnosu na rezultate drugih autora (4,36%)
Mobilna aplikacija za izračunavanje količine semena za setvu
Get PDFThe purpose of mobile applications, designed to run on mobile devices such as smart phones, implies their availability to users while on the move, so that they are increasingly used in many areas of human activities. The aim of the study was development of mobile applications for quickly and easily calculation of the required quantity of seed for sowing of field and forage crops. Mobile application allows end users to enter the required input data about the quality of the seed and the field conditions. After that users immediately and efficiently get result which represens the calculated the optimal seed amount for sowing. This mobile application was set on the assumption that its integration into a wider information system is possible, so further research could take place in order to realize service support over the Internet and Cloud system that would provide to users other professional information.Namena mobilnih aplikacija, koje se izvršavaju na mobilnim uređajima kao što su pametni telefonimi, podrazumeva njihovu dostupnost korisnicima dok su u pokretu, tako da se one sve više koriste u mnogim oblastima ljudske delatnosti. Cilj rada je bio izrada mobilne aplikacije za brzo i jednostavno izračunavanje potrebne količine semena za setvu ratarskih i krmnih kultura. Mobilna aplikacija omogućuje krajnjim korisnicima da brzo i efikasno nakon unošenja potrebnih podataka o kvalitetu semena i uslovima na terenu dobiju preciznu uslugu, odnosno izračunatu optimalnu količinu semena za setvu. Navedena aplikacija je postavljena uz pretpostavku da je moguća njena integracija u širi informacioni sistem, tako da bi se dalja istraživanja mogla odvijati u pravcu realizacije servisne podrške preko Interneta odnosno Cloud sistema koja bi korisnicima pružala i druge stručne informacije