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Tehnološki, energetski i ekološki aspekti procesa osmotske dehidratacije hrane
Get PDFOsmotic dehydration has shown the pontential for obtaining food products of enchanced characteristics. Numerous technological factors affects osmotic dehydration process, while increasing the magnitude of technological parameters mass transfer in process is itensified. Osmotic dehydration process, due to its characteristics to change and upgrade dehydrated raw material nutritive, sensory and microbiological profile, provides the possibility to produce new types of products from conventional raw materials. This is energy efficient process, which does not require high energy input and provides high technology efficiency even at process temperatures that are not energy demanding.Osmotska dehidratacija je pokazala potencijal za dobijanje prehrambenih proizvoda unapređenih karakteristika. Brojni tehnološki faktori utiču proces osmotske dehidratacije, a povećavanjem vrednosti tehnoloških parametra intenzivira se i prenos mase u procesu. Proces osmotske dehidratacije, usled svoje karakteristke da menja i unapređuje nutritivni, senzorni i mikrobiološki profil dehidrane sirovine, daje mogućnost proizvodnje novih vrsta prehrambenih proizvoda od konvencionalnih sirovina. Energetski je efikasan proces, koji ne zahteva velik utošak energije, a proces ima dovoljnu tehnološku efikasnost čak i pri temeperaturama koje ne zahtevaju dodatni utošak energije
Uticaj biljnih ulja na fizičko-hemijska i senzorna svojstva suvih fermentisanih kobasica
Get PDFIn order to improve the functional properties of dry fermented sausages, one part of backfat can be substituted with oils that have a more favourable fatty acid profile. In this experiment, one part of backfat in the mixture for dry fermented sausages was replaced with flaxseed and grapeseed oils prepared as alginate gel, with the content of oil in the mixture equalling 3% and 5%. The type and amount of oil did not affect the change in pH values. Sausages with flaxseed oil received lower grades for colour, odour, flavour and overall acceptability compared with the control and grapeseed oil variant. Increase in the flaxseed oil content in the mixture resulted in lower sensory analysis grades.U smislu poboljšanja funkcionalnih svojstava suvih fermentisanih kobasica moguće je deo masnog tkiva zameniti uljima s povoljnijim masnokiselinskim profilom. U ovom ogledu deo čvrstog masnog tkiva u nadevu suvih fermentisanih kobasica zamenjen je lanenim i uljem od koštica grožđa pripremljenim kao alginatni gel tako da je u nadevu sadržaj ulja bio oko 3% i 5%. Vrsta i količina ulja nisu uticali na tok promene pH vrednosti. Kobasice s lanenim uljem ocenjene su manjim ocenama u pogledu boje, mirisa, ukusa i ukupne prihvatljivosti u odnosu na kontrolnu kobasicu i kobasice sa uljem od koštica grožđa. Povećanje sadržaja lanenog ulja u nadevu uticalo je na smanjenje ocena senzorne analize
Uticaj godine na prinos i kvalitet zrna ozimih sorti pšenice
Get PDFThe small-scale trials over two years (2009/10th and 2010/11th), examined the six
varieties of winter wheat (Vizija, Takovčanka, Kg 56 S, Kruna, Aleksandra and
Planeta). Studied grain yield (t ha-1), weight of 1000 grains (g) and test weight (kg hl-1).
Estimates were statistically significant differences for grain yield between varieties and
years. Cultivars Vizija, Kg 56 S, Takovčanka and the Kruna have conducted surveys
have shown a high degree of adaptability conditions of production of wheat and had a
satisfactory yield in the examined vegetation seasons.U mikroogledima tokom dve godine (2009/10.-2010/11.), ispitivano je šest
sorti ozime pšenice (Vizija, Takovčanka, Kg 56 S, Kruna, Aleksandra i Planeta).
Istraživan je prinos zrna (t ha-1), masa 1000 zrna (gr) i hektolitarska masa (kg hl-1).
Procenjene su statistički signifikantne razlike za prinos zrna između sorti i godina. Sorte
Vizija, Kg 56 S, Takovčanka i Kruna su u sprovedenim ispitivanjima pokazale visok
stepen adaptabilnosti uslovima proizvodnje pšenice i imale su zadovoljavajući prinos u
ispitivanim godinama
HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Ribes Fruit Leaves
Get PDFBerry fruit leaves are recognized as potential medicaments which are rich
in different phenolic compounds, and have been used in folk medicine for centuries. In
order to evaluate phenol composition of fruit leaves from red currant (Ribes rubrum)
and black currant (Ribes nigrum) species were subjected to the spectrophotometric and
HPLC analysis. The antioxidant activity was estimated using DPPH free radical
scavenging assay. Flavonols, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids were the main phenol
classes found in the investigated leaf extracts. Investigated extracts showed significant
antioxidant activity and a correlation with total phenol content. Ribes leaf extracts, rich
in phenolic content, with significant antioxidant activity, can be used as medical
supplements
Ispitivanje faktora koji utiču na metaboličku adaptaciju kod krava u ranoj laktaciji
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between different metabolic
parameters in early lactation and statistical methods to perform the extraction of
information from a large number of data to determine which factors are the most
important influence on the metabolic adaptation. Blood was taken from 50 cows of the
Holstein-Friesian breed. They are made of correlation matrices and then by extraction of
the main factors using factor analysis. The results show that the extractable three main
factors. Factor 1 gives an explanation of 61.7% and variations on highly correlated with
the levels of insulin, IGF-I, STH, NEFA and glucose (metabolic stress). Factor 2 explained 20.2% of variation and it correlates highly with BHB, AST, triglycerides and
cholesterol (liver condition). Factor 3, which explains 7% variation of variables
correlated with milk production in cows (productivity). Further investigation of factors
and parameters within factors should detect the most important indicators of metabolic
adaptation.Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita međusobna veza između različitih metaboličkih
parametara u ranoj laktaciji i da se statističkim metodama izvršiti ekstrakcija
informacija iz velikog broja podataka, kako bi utvrdili koji faktori najznačajnije utiču na
metaboličku adaptaciju. Krv je uzeta od 50 krava holštajn-frizijske rase. Napravljene su
matrice korelacije i potom je izvršena ekstrakcija glavnih faktora upotrebom faktorske
analize. Rezultati pokazuju da se može ekstrahovati tri glavna faktora. Faktor 1 daje
objašnjenje 61,7% varijacije i on visoko korelira sa vrednostima insulina, insulinu
sličnom faktoru rasta-I (IGF-I), hormonu rasta (STH), ne-esterifikovanim višim masnim
kiselinama (NEFA) i glukoze (metabolički stres). Faktor 2 objašnjava 20,2% varijacije
i on visoko korelira sa beta-hidroksi-buternom kiselinom (BHB), aspartat-aminotransferazom
(AST), trigliceridima i holesterolom (stanje jetre). Faktor 3 koji objašnjava
7% varijacije varijabli korelira sa proizvodnjom mleka kod krava (produktivnost).
Daljim istraživanjem faktora i parametara u okviru faktora treba detektovati
najznačajnije pokazatelje metaboličke adaptacije
Biochemical Composition of Culture Filtrate of the Fungus Colletotrichum Lini – Anthracnose Pathogen Flax
Get PDFAnthracnose occurs in flax seedlings annually and everywhere. Fungus
Colletotrichum lini acts on the plant by the virtue of toxins. For the development of
selective media in the process of anthracnose resistant cell selection in vitro anthracnose
pathogen culture filtrate is used. The diversity and specificity of the existing proteins in
nature are determined by amino acid composition and genetically precisely defined
sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. Qualitative analysis of free amino
acids revealed that there are the following free amino acids in the culture filtrate strains
419 and 639: on the 7th day culture filtrate cysteine Rf = 0,07 presented in both strains;
on the 14th day serine Rf = 0,22 was defined in both strains ; on the 21st day - glutamine
Rf = 0,17; on the 28th day - asparagine Rf = 0,12; on the 35th day - arginine Rf = 0,14;
on the 42nd day - tyrosine Rf = 0,44
Citogenotoksični efekat vode iz jezera Vidara
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to determine the degree of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects
of the water from Vidara lake. Water samples were taken at five different sites. The
highest mean length of roots was in the sample of water from the North side of the lake
and it is 22,53 mm. The same water sample also had the highest median value of the
mitotic index i 27.5%. The biggest difference in the value of the mitotic index was
observed between the values obtained at the West side and the control sample, but this
difference was not statistically significant at the level p <0,05 (T = 1,45589; p =
0,141351). The results suggest that water from the lake Vidara has no significant
genocitotoxic effect.Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje stepena citotoksičnog i genotoksičnog efekta
vode iz jezera Vidara (Bosna i Hercegovina). Uzorci vode uzeti su na pet različitih
lokaliteta. Najveća srednja vrijednost dužine korjenčića luka (Allium cepa) je utvrđena pri
tretmanu uzorkom vode sa sjeverne strane jezera i iznosila je 22,53 mm. Na istom uzorku
vode zabilježena je i najveća srednja vrijednosti mitotičkog indeksa (27,5%). Najveća
razlika u vrijednosti mitotičkog indeksa uočena je između vrijednosti dobivene na
lokalitetu zapad i kontrolnog uzorka, ali ta razlika nije statistički značajna na nivou p <
0,05 (T = 1,45589; p = 0,141351). Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da voda iz jezera
Vidara nema značajan genocitotoksični efekat
Prezentacije seminarskih radova studenata I godine
No full textPrezentacije seminarskih radova studenata I godin
Ispitivanje parametara buke pri radu vršalice i razvoj mape buke u polju slobodnog zvuka
No full textThe article demonstrates the need to solve the problems connected with adverse acoustic impact on small tools and equipment operators of selective and seed-production process in plant breeding. Assessment method of the overall area of hazardous values of equipment noise characteristics in similar conditions and specialized device for carrying out acoustic research are described. The method to do research and to compile two-dimensional noise map by the example of head batch thresher is developed.U radu je predstavljena potreba rešavanja problema povezanih sa štetnim uticajem buke na rukovaoce malih alata i opreme za proizvodnju semena. Opisani su metod procene opšte oblasti opasnih vrednosti karakteristika buke ispitivane opreme u sličnim uslovima i specijalizovani uređaji za izvođenje akustičnih ispitivanja. Razvijen je metod ispitivanja i sastavljanja dvo-dimenzionalne mape buke kroz primer vršalice
Konstrukcija, razvoj i terenska ispitivanja sadilice za direktnu sadnju luka (Allium Cepa L.) u leje
No full textIn India Onion (Allium cepa L) occupies an area of 1064 thousand ha, with production of 15118 thousand tons. The export of onion during 2011 -12 was 13,09,863.26 thousand tons with a value of Rs 1,722.85 crores. India is the 2nd largest producer of onion, in the world next only to China but the productivity of onion in India is very low i.e. 14.21 t.ha-1 as compared to China and other countries like , Egypt, Netherlands, & Iran etc. India is the world’s second largest producer of vegetables after China. Timeliness of operations and efficient use of the inputs are the important keys in achieving higher levels of productivity and quality. In order to increase area under onion cultivation and make it competitive and profitable, it is important to introduce mechanized technologies for its cultivation. Manual sowing and transplanting of onion is very laborious and costly operation. Therefore to mechanize its sowing operation a tractor operated raised bed planter with inclined plate metering mechanism was designed and developed based on onion seed properties. The developed prototype was evaluated in field for its performance evaluation for direct sowing of onion seed variety Punjab Naroya on beds. The planter was operated at three speeds 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 km•h-1 and three plate angles 26º,36º and 46º and two row spacings of 15 and 18 cm. The average seed spacing varied between 6.09-11.68 cm. Average seed spacing at 2 km/h forward speed and 36 plate angle was 7.6 cm that was closer to the required theoretical spacing of 7.5cm. The overall saving in cost and time with raised bed onion planter as compared with manual method were 57.89 % and 98.75 % respectively.U Indiji crni luk (Allium cepa, L.) zauzima površinu od 1064 ha, sa proizvodnjom od 15118 hiljada tona. Izvoz luka tokom 2011 -12 bio je 13,09,863.26 hilada tona u vrednosti od Rs 1,722.85. Indija je drugi najveći proizvođač luka u svetu odmah posle Kine, ali prinos luka u Indiji je veoma nizak, 14.21 t.ha-1 u poređenju sa kinom i drugim zemljama kao što su Egipat, Holandija, Iran i dr. Indija je drugi proizvođač povrća u svetu posle Kine. Trajanje postupaka i efikasna upotreba inputa su od ključnog značaja u postizanju visokih nivoa proizvodnosti i kvaliteta. Radi povećanja površine pod lukom i povećanja konkurentnosti i profitabilnosti proizvodnje, važno je uvoditi mehanizovane tehnologije u njegovom gajenju. Ručna sadnja i presađivanje luka je veoma skupa operacija koja zahteva mnogo rada. Zato je konstruisana sadilica sa mernom kosom pločom za sadnju luka u leje sa pogonom od traktora, na osnovu osobina semena luka. Razvijeni prototip bio je testiran u poljskim uslovima radi ocene njegovih karakteristika u direktnoj setvi luka varijeteta Punjab Naroya u leje. Sadilica je radila sa tri brzine 1.5, 2.0 i 2.5 km•h-1, tri ugla ploče 26º,36º i 46º i dva međuredna rastojanja 15 i 18 cm. Srednje rastojanje u redu variralo je od 6.09 do 11.68 cm. Srednje rastojanje u redu pri brzini od 2 km•h-1 i nagibu ploče od 36 bilo je 7.6 cm, što je bliže traženom teorijskom rastojanju od 7.5 cm. Ukupna ušteda troškova i vremena sa ovom sadilicom u poređenju sa ručnom sadnjom bila je 57.89 % i 98.75 %, redom