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Pomološke i proizvodne osobine sorti crne ribizle (Ribes Nigrum L.) u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted over a period of three years to examine the pomological and production properties of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars under the agroenvironmental conditions of Čačak. The research was conducted during 2012-2014 in an experimental black currant planting at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak. Six black currant cultivars were used: ‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’ ‘Tisel’and ‘Tiben’. The cultivars exhibited differences in pomological and production traits. Bush volume was highest in ‘Čačanska Crna’ and ‘Ben Lomond’, and lowest in ‘Ben Sarek’. The highest berry weight and cluster weight were obtained in 'Ben Sarek'. Cluster weight was also high in ‘Čačanska Crna’ and ‘Titania’. 'Tiben' and ‘Titania’ stood out in terms of high yields relative to the other tested cultivars. Soluble solids content was highest in ‘Tiben’ and ‘Tisel’, total sugar content in ‘Titania’, whereas the highest total acids content recorded in ‘Tisel’.U eksperimentu su tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja proučavane pomološke i proizvodne osobine sorti crne ribizle (Ribes nigrum L.) u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka. Eksperimentalna proučavanja obavljena su u periodu od 2012. do 2014. godine, u oglednom zasadu crne ribizle, u Instituta za voćarstvo, Čačak. Istraživanjima je obuhvaćeno šest sorti crne ribizle: Ben lomond, Ben sarek, Titanija, Čačanska crna, Tisel i Tiben. Ispitivane sorte su ispoljile značajne razlike u pogledu pomoloških i proizvodnih osobina. Najveća zapremina žbuna zabeležena je kod sorti Čačanska crna i Ben lomond, a najmanja kod sorte Ben sarek. Sa druge strane, sorta Ben sarek se odlikovala najvećom masom bobica i masom grozda. Velika masa grozda zabeležena je i kod sorti Čačanska crna i Titanija. Sorte Tiben i Titanija izdvojile su se po visokim prinosima u poređenju sa ostalim ispitivanim sortama. Najveći sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije utvrđen je kod sorti Tiben i Tisel, sadržaj ukupnih šećera kod sorte Titanija, dok je najveći sadržaj ukupnih kiselina registrovan kod sorte Tisel
Mogućnost primene biljnih ekstrakata u formulaciji funkcionalne hrane
Get PDFFunctional food designate all sorts of food containing, along with their own nutritive value, constituents which have positive effects to human health and its psycho-physical conditions.. The aim of science, today, is development of such food products, which assume prevention and simultaneous reduction of risks of appearance of different diseases. Medicinal plants, extracts of medical plant became significant for production of functional food, because it has a lot of biological and pharmacological activities.Funkcionalnom hranom se označava svaka hrana koja pored svoje nutritivne vrednosti sadrži sastojke koji imaju pozitivnu ulogu na zdravlje ljudi, njihovo psiho-fizičko stanje. Cilj nauke danas je razvoj prehrambenih proizvoda koji pozitivno utiču na zdravlje, daju mogućnost prevencije i istovremeno smanjuju rizik od pojave bolesti. Lekovito bilje, njihovi ekstrakti kao nosioci biološke i farmakološke aktivnosti, postali su značajni u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane
Fizičkohemijske karakteristike i kvalitet mekih sireva na tržištu beogradskih pijaca
Get PDFCheese as food due to its nutritional value takes an important place in human diet. In Republic Serbia cheeses are produced in industrial dairy plants, but a significant portion are produced in small scale plants and in the individual households, as well. AtBelgrade marketscheeses are daily present and produced in the individual household’soriginating from different geographic localities in Serbia. The aim of this article was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of cheeses at Belgrade markets.Following parameters in cheese samples were determined: total solids, fat in total solids, moisture on a free fat basis, pH value, water activity (aw ) and NaCl content.The results showed that all cheesesamples collected ateight Belgrade markets belonged to the group of soft cheeses according to the values of moisture on a free fat basis (>67%). Out of 83 examined samples most number, 40 (48,19%) belonged to the group of full-fat cheeses, 32 (38,55%) to the group of extra-fat, 10 (12,05%) to the group of semi-fat and 1 (1,20%) sample to the group of low-fat cheeses. None of samples belonged to the skimmed cheeses. Sensory characteristics of all cheeses were in accordance to sensory characteristics for that type of cheese.Sir kao namirnica, zbog svoje hranljive vrednosti,zauzima važno mesto u ishrani ljudi. U Republici Srbiji sirevi se proizvode u industrijskim pogonima,ali značajan deo se proizvodi u zanatskim pogonima, kao i u individualnim domaćinstvima. Na tržištu beogradskih pijaca su svakodnevno zastupljeni sirevi, koji se proizvode u individualnim domaćinstvima i potiču iz različitih geografskih lokaliteta u Republici Srbiji.Cilj rada je bio da se ispitaju fizičkohemijske karakteristike sireva na tržištu beogradskih pijaca.U uzorcima sireva su ispitani sledeći parametri: suva materija, mast u suvoj materiji, voda u bezmasnoj materiji, pH vrednost, aktivnost vode (aw) i sadržaj NaCl. Rezultati su pokazali da su svi ispitani uzorci sireva sa osam beogradskih pijaca pripadali grupi mekih sireva na osnovu sadržaja vode u bezmasnoj materiji(>67%). Od 83 ispitana uzorka najveći broj uzoraka sireva 40 (48,19%) je pripadao grupi punomasnih sireva, 32 (38,55%) grupi ekstramasnih,10 (12,05%) grupi polumasnih i 1 (1,20%) uzorak grupi niskomasnih sireva. Nijedan uzorak sira nije pripadao grupi obranih sireva. U pogledu senzornih karakteristika svi sirevi su odgovarali senzornim karakteristikama za tu vrstu sira
Uticaj oprašivača na zametanje plodova sorte šljive Čačanska rana
Get PDFIn this paper, during a 2013 year, effects of eight pollenizers (Čačanska Rana, Boranka,
Čačanska lepotica, Timočanka, Čačanska najbolja, Čačanska rodna, Mildora i Stanley) on the
degree of initial and final fruit set in the plum cultivar Čačanska Rana were examined. Besides
the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. The results
indicated that the best final fruit set was obtained when cultivars Čačanska Rodna and
Čačanska Najbolja were used as pollenizers.U radu su prikazani rezultati vezani za inicijalno i finalno zametanja plodova
sorte šljive Čačanska rana u zavisnosti od primenjenog oprašivača. Ispitivanjima je
obuhvaćeno sedam različitih oprašivača, varijanta samooprašivanja i varijanta slobodnog
oprašivanja, kao kontrola. Cilj rada se ogleda u iznalaženju najpodesnijih oprašivača za ovu
samobesplodnu sortu. Prema dobijenim rezultatima, kao najbolji oprašivači su se pokazale
sorte Čačanska najbolja i Čačanska rodna
Uticaj visine stabla na svojstva sorti vinove loze za bela vina
Get PDFThe influence of height trunk on features of varietes for white wine was researched.
The researched was involved in vineyard of individual producer from village Trnavac
near Zajecar town, and hemical analyses was involved in laboratory of Center for
agricultural and technological research Zajecar. This paper details analyzed effect of tall
vine stock on productive and technological features of vine varietes : Sauvignon white,
Pinot blanc and Župljanka. In planted of individual producer, mention varietes are
blocked in same volume and on two different tall tree (40 cm and 70 cm). The system of
growing is Guyot twofold training with same length of bearing units and same planting
spaces of 3x1 m. At all varietes, the tall tree was contributed to increase average yield
which was and statistical confirmed as very significant. Expectation, grape quality
express to contents of sugar in must was smaller on high tall tree, contents of total
acidity was bigger and inregard of this features, differents are statistical very significant.
On the basis of perennial researches with confident contribute ti increase of grape yiuel
and aggravate of grape quality.
The abstract should content three major parts written without subtitles: the aim of
the paper, basic results and short conclusions. The aim of the paper should be written
briefly, basic results clearly and accurately, and short conclusions should outcome from
included results. There are 700 letters allowed as abstract extent. Tables, graphs and
pictures are not allowed in abstract, as well as referencing publications.Obavljeno je petogodišnje ( 2008. - 2013.) ispitivanje uticaja visine stabla čokota
na prinos i kvalitet grožđa) tri bele vinske sorte vinove loze. Ispitivanja su obavljena u
vinogradu individualnog proizvođača iz sela Trnavac, nadomak Zaječara, koji se nalazi u
zaječarskom vinogorju, knjaževačkom vinogradarskom podrejonu i timočkom rejonu. Jedna
od osnovnih karakteristika svakog uzgojnog oblika čokota jeste visina stabla. Mnogi uzgojni
oblici čokota, ustvari, i postoje zahvaljujući različitoj visini stabla. Čokoti vinove loze
različite visine stabla ispoljavaju značajan uticaj na svojstva sorti vinove loze. Poseban uticaj
se ispoljava na kvantitativne i kvalitativne osobine sorti (prinos i kvalitet grožđa izražen kroz
sadržaj šećera u širi). Pri različitim visinama stabla čokota (40 cm i 70 cm) gajene su sorte za
bela vina Sovinjon beli, Burgundac beli i Župljanka
DFT ispitivanje antioksidativne aktivnosti alizarina Red S
No full textDensity functional theory calculations were performed to evaluate the
antioxidant activity of alizarin red S molecule. The conformational behavior of molecule
were analysed at the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) method. The most stable conformer of
alizarin red S has two IHBs. The expected antioxidant activity of alizarin red S was
justified from ionization potential (IPs) and homolytic O-H bond dissociation enthalpy
(BDEs) values. Heterolytic O-H bond cleavages (proton dissociation enthalpies, PDEs)
were also computed. Calculated IP, BDE, and PA values suggested that one-step H atom
transfer (HAT), rather than SPLET or SET-PT, would be the most favored mechanism for
explaining the antioxidant activity of alizarin red S in gas phase. In aqueous solution all of
three mechanisms were competitive.Upotrebom DFT metode vršena su izračunavanja u cilju određivanja
antioksidativne aktivnosti alizarina red S. Konformaciona priroda molekula analizirana
ispitana je primenom M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) metoda. Najstabilniji konformer alizarina
red S ima dve unutrašnje vodonične veze. Očekivana antioksidativna aktivnost alizarina
red S određena je izračunavanjem vrednosti jonizacionih potencijala (IP) i i vrednosti
entalpija homolitičkog raskidanja O-H veza (BDE). Vrednosti entalpije heterolitičkog
raskidanja O-H veza (entalpije disocijacije protona, PDE), su takođe izračunate.
Izračunate IP, BDE i PA vrednosti ukazuju na to da je jednostepeni transfer H-atoma
(HAT), pre nego SPLET ili SET-PT mehanizam, favorizovan u pogledu antioksidativne
aktivnosti alizarina red S u gasnoj fazi. U vodenom rastvoru, sva tri mehanizma su
konkurentna
Ocenjivanje performansi zaposlenih kao društvena odgovornost preduzeća
Get PDFEvaluating the performance of employees in the meat industry is the process by
which evaluate the contribution of employees and their responsibility in achieving organizational
objectives in some defined time period. The responsibility is a moral action of people and
companies. Performance or effects, may be any measurable results achieved, any behavior or
personal characteristics necessary to perform certain activities. Social responsibility includes
economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility. Corporate social responsibility is seen as
a promotion of some social goods above the interests of the company, than what the law requires.
It is possible to determine the level of social responsibility to maximize profit while satisfying the
demands of many consumers, who consume meat and meat products. Activities in promoting
social responsibility in this regard should be viewed from the perspective of benefits and costs.Ocenjivanje performansi zaposlenih u mesnoj industriji je proces u kojem se
ocenjuje doprinos zaposlenih i njihova odgovornost u ostvarenju organizacionih ciljeva
u nekom definisanom vremenskom periodu. Odgovornost je moralna akcija ljudi i
preduzeća. Performansa ili učinak može biti bilo koji merljiv rezultat koji je ostvaren,
bilo ponašanje ili lićne karakteristike neophodne za obavljanje odredene aktivnosti.
Društvena odgovornost uključuje ekonomsku, pravnu, etičku i filantropsku
odgovornost. Društvena odgovornost preduzeća se posmatra kao unapređenje nekih
društvenih dobara iznad interesa preduzeća od onoga što traži zakon. Moguće je
ustanoviti nivo društvene odgovornosti koji maksimira dobit uz istovremeno
zadovoljavanje zahteva brojnih potrošača Koji konzumiraju meso i mesne prоizvode.
Aktivnosti na unapređenju društvene odgovornosti u tom smislu treba posmatrati sa
stanovišta koristi i troškova
Kalcizacija kiselih zemljišta u centralnoj Srbiji
Get PDFAcidic soils are preset over 60% of the total arable land in Central Serbia. Yields of the
majority of field crops that are achieve on acid soils are low and poor quality. The
introduction of control of soil fertility and application of amelioration measures,
especially liming, are significantly influenced to improvement of fertility of acid soils
and increase yields of cultivated plant species. Also, by neutralizing the acidity of the
soil there were positive changes in the degree of weed infestation of crops, changes in
the structure of weeds, as well as greater efficiency of protection of cultivated plants
from weeds.
A substantial portion of acid soils in Central Serbia is not under control of soil fertility
and use of fertilizer and without implementation liming as a measure of amelioration.
Also, in this area do not exist demonstration experiments in order to monitor changes
that cause the application of liming in soils, as well as the promotion of this important
amelioration measures.U radu je dat pregled najvažnijih rezultata neutralizacije kiselih zemljišta Centralne
Srbije primenom pH melioranata, naročiro upotrebom krečnog đubriva "Njival Ca". Na
osnovu dosadašnjih istraživanja utvrđen je veoma pozitivan efekat primene kalcizacije
na podizanje nivoa plodnosti svih proučavanih tipova kiselih zemljišta i to preko:
povećanja njihove pH vrednosti, sadržaja organske materije, ukupnog azota,
lakopristupačnog fosfora i kalijuma, značajnog smanjenja sadržaja mobilnog
aluminijuma, gvožđa i mangana, kao i sadržaja pristupačnih formi teških metala.
Takođe, neutralizacijom kiselih zemljišta značajno su povećani prinosi gajenih biljnih
vrsta (od 30% do nekoliko puta), naročito osetljivih na niske pH vrednosti i sadržaj
mobilnog Al. Primenom ove pedomeliorativne mere na kiselim zemljištima utvrđeno je
i smanjenje zakorovljenosti i pozitivne promene florističkog sastava korova u usevima
pojedinih biljnih vrsta
Implikacije oplemenjivanja biljaka u proizvodnji hrane
Get PDFFood production is based on scientific developments and their application
depending on environmental factors and economic development. An important role in
crop production of food varieties and hybrids have been created in the breeding of crops
such care by applying optimal growing in specific environmental conditions. Created by
breeding new varieties and hybrids that are higher yield several times since the old
selection and natural populations which plays a major role in food security. The need
for food security imposed new approaches in breeding based on the manipulation of
gene recombinant DNA. By using biotechnological methods, genetically modified
plants, the incorporation of desirable genes from evolutionarily distant species. The
occurrence of adverse effects of GM foods, a high degree of pollution of the biosphere
and significant climate changes imposed by the need to produce safe food. Thus, the
developing trend of organic production, characterized by low yields and control of
product safety. Conventional breeding, its development and achievements impose new
approaches in creating, producing varieties and their (organic farming and genetically
modified food). GM varieties have higher yields several times of the varieties that are
created in conventional breeding, greater resistance to stress and better qualityProizvodnja hrane se bazira na naučnim dostignućima i njihovoj primeni u
zavisnosti od ekoloških faktora i ekonomske razvijenosti. Značajnu ulogu u biljnoj
proizvodnji hrane imaju sorte i hibridi stvoreni oplemenjivanjem i nega useva sa
optimalnom tehnologijom gajenja u konkretnim ekološkim uslovima. Oplemenjivanjem
su stvorene nove sorte i hibridi koji su nekoliko puta prinosniji od starih selekcija i
prirodnih populacija što ima veliku ulogu u obezbedjivanju hrane. Potreba za
obezbeđenjem hrane nametnula je nove pristupe u oplemenjivanju na bazi manipulacije
genа rekombinantne DNK. Korišćenjem biotehnoloških metoda stvorene su genetički
modifikovane biljke, koje su nastale inkorporacijom poželjnog gena iz evolutivno
udaljene vrste. Pojava neželjenih efekata od GM hrane, visok stepen zagadjenosti
biosfere i znatne klimatske promene, nametnule su potrebu proizvodnje bezbedne
hrane. Tako se razvija trend organske proizvodnje, koju karakteriše nizak prinos i
kontrola bezbednnosti proizvoda. Konvencionalno oplemenjivanje, je svojim razvojem i
dostignućima nametnulo nove pristupe u stvaranju sorti i njihovoj proizvodji (organska
proizvodnja i genetički modifikovana hrana). GM sorte imaju veći prinos nekoliko puta
od sorti koje su stvorene u konvencionalnom oplemenjivanju, veću otpornost na stresne
uslove i bolji kvalitet
Prinos i kvalitet grožđa sorte Kaberne Sovinjon u agroekološkim uslovima Levačkog vinogorja
Get PDFIn the agro-ecological conditions Levač vineyards studied the yield and quality of
grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon. Investigations were carried out in the vineyard
production of individual manufacturers in the locality Lepojević.
During the period ruled by favorable weather conditions for the expression of
biological and technological characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon, which is of
particular interest in viticulture and wine production, as one of a group of varieties for
the production of high quality wines.
The quality of the grapes, which is obtained in terms Levac vineyards suitable for
the production of quality red wines. Grape yield varies from 7.4 kg ha-1 to 7.68 kg ha-1.
The sugar content in grape juice average 22.05%, and total acid 7.54 gl-1.U agroekološkim uslovima levačkog vinogorja izučavan je prinos i kvalitet
grožđa sorte kaberne sovinjon. Istraživanja su obavljena u proizvodnom vinogradu
individualnog proizvođača u lokalitetu Lepojević.
U istraživanom periodu vladali su povoljni meteorološki uslovi za ispoljavanje
bioloških i tehnoloških osobenosti sorte kaberne sovinjon koja je od posebnog interesa
za vinogradarsku i vinarsku proizvodnju, kao jedna iz grupe sorti za proizvodnju
vrhunskih vina.
Kvalitet grožđa koji se dobija u uslovima levačkog vinogorja odgovarajući je za
proizvodnju kvalitertni i vrhunskih crvenih vina. Prinos grožđa varira od 7.4 kgha-1 do
7.68 kgha-1. Sadržaj šećera u grožđanom soku prosečno iznosi 22.05 %, a u ukupnih
kiselina 7.54 g/l-1