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Visual basic program za konstruisanje zupčastog prenosnika prednjeg priključnog vratila kod traktora veće snage
No full textWith a view to fully utilize the available power, reduce soil compaction and for timeliness of tillage operations, now-a-days, front three point linkages are used in higher power tractors. So, front power take-off (PTO) also desirable with front three point linkages to operate passive implements like rotavator, mower etc. With this requirement in view, a program was developed in visual basic for design of a front PTO gear pair of higher hp tractors. In this design, the drive was taken from engine crankshaft running at rated speed of 2200 rpm and was reduced to 1000 rpm using helical gear pair. For validation of developed Visual Basic program, contact stresses and bending stresses analysis of gear and pinion was done in KISS software. The maximum bending root stress on pinion and gear was 330 N/mm2 and 300 N/mm2 against limiting stress value of 430 N/mm2 where contact stresses are 1000 N/mm2 against limiting value of 1500 N/mm2 and therefore, designed gear pair was safe against bending and pitting. The output results of KISS software was used for validation of developed visual basic program. Developed program shows approximately the same results as in KISS software. Developed VB program is cheap, simple and can be used to design and for analysis of single gear pair.Kod traktora veće snage se danas koriste prednji hidraulični uređaji radi potpunog iskorišćenja raspoložive snage, smanjenja sabijanja zemljišta i rokova za obradu zemljišta. Tako je i prednje priključno vratilo potrebno sa podiznim uređajem, za pogon gonjenih priključaka kao što su freza, kosačica i sl. Imajući u vidu ovaj zahtev, razvijen je program u visual basic za konstrukciju zupčastog prenosnika prednjeg priključnog vratila kod traktora veće snage. U ovoj konstrukciji korišćen je pogon sa kolenastog vratila motora brzine 2200 min-1, redukovane na 1000 min-1 spiralnim zupčastim parom. Za ocenu razvijenog programa i analizu kontaktknog opterećenja i opterećenja na savijanje zupčanika i vratila korišćen je KISS softver. Maksimalno opterećenje na savijanje vratila i zupčanika bilo je 330 N/mm2 i 300 N/mm2 u odnosu na graničnu vrednost od 430 N/mm2, a kontaktno opterećenje 1000 N/mm2 u odnosu na hgraničnu vrednost od 1500 N/mm2, tako da je konstruisani zupčasti par bio bezbedan pri udaru i savijanju. Izlazni rezultati programa KISS su korišćeni za ocenu razvijenog visual basic programa. Razvijeni program je pokazao približno iste rezultate kao i program KISS. Razvijeni program je je jevtin, jednostavan i može da se upotrebi pri konstruisanju i analizi pojedinačnih zupčastih parova
Popis u funkciji finansijskog izveštavanja poljoprivrednih preduzeća u Srbiji
No full textThe census (ordinary and extraordinary) is done on the basis of Article 16 of the Accounting Act ("Official Gazette" No. 62/13), and the Regulations on the organization and implementation of the inventory of assets and liabilities and the balance of alignment with the actual situation of the company. In addition mentioned or frame for making a decision on the list of wrecks there are legal frameworks regulation PPUT the Statute of the company, as well as the managing authority such as company directors and the supervisory board of the company. For the census is necessary that managing authorities Dons decision on the list and form a commission to inventory the assets and liabilities as of the day of the cross-section of the business situation. The aim of the implementation of these activities is to determine the actual state property and equipment at the disposal of the company. These jobs fall into the regular activities and contribute to improving the safety of the company.Sprovođenje popisa (redovnog i vanrednog), vrši se na osnovu člana 16. Zakona o računovodstvu („Službeni glasnik RS“broj 62/13) i odredbi Pravilnika o organizaciji i sprovođenju popisa imovine i obaveza i usklađivanja knjigovodstvenog stanja sa stvarnim stanjem preduzeća. Osim pomentuog, odnosno okvira za donošenje odluke o popisu postoje i bitini okviri pravnog reulisanja pput, Statuta preduzeća, kao i organa upravljanja poput: direktora preduzeća i nadzornog odbora preduzeća. Za sprovođenje popisa potrebno je da organi upravljanja donsu Odluku o popisu i obrazuju komisiju za popis imovine i obaveza sa stanjem na dan kada se vrši presek situacije poslovanja. Cilj sprovođenja ovakvih aktivnosti je utvrđivanje stvarnog stanja imovine i opreme sa kojom raspolaže preduzeće. Pomenuti poslovi spadaju u redovne aktivnosti i doprinose poboljšanju sigurnosti upravljanja preduzeća
Proteini glutena – determinanta kvaliteta pšenice
Get PDFGluten is complex of gliadina and glutenins which play main role in determining of technological quality properties of wheat seeds and wheat products, but may be cause of allergy and celiac diseases in imune sensitive people. In this analysis of 10 wheat genotypes were established differences for gluten content, protein content loaf volume in two year of studies under different conditions. The highest gluten content in first year had Aurora (32.40%) and the lowest had G-3089 (21.40%), while in second year the highest gluten content had Beogradjanka (33.18%) and the lowest (22.33%) was in G-3089. In both year of experiment, the genotype G-3617 had the highest protein content (14.210%; 14.80%), loaf volume (560ml; 560ml) while genotypes G-3089 the lowest value of protein content (10.80%; 11.10%) and loaf volume (360ml; 380ml). In analysed wheat genotypes were identified 3 alleles (a, b, f) at Gli-A1 locus and 5 alleles (b, g, e, l, k) at Gli-A2 locus. Also, identified 3 alleles (a, b, c) at Glu-A1, 3 (a, c, d) at Glu-D1 and 5 alleles (a, b, c, d, h) at Glu-B1. The genotypes which possessed the alleles Glu-A1b, Glu-D1d, in combination Gli-A1b, had higher levels of gluten content, protein and bread volume.Gluten je kompleks glijadina i glutenina, koji ima značajnu ulogu u determinaciji osobina tehnološkog kvaliteta semena pšenice i gotovih proizvoda, a, može biti uzročnik alergijskih reakcija i nekih oboljenja probavnog trakta kod imunoosetljivih individua. U ovom radu je izučavano variranje sadržaja suvog glutena kod 10 genotipova pšenice, volumen hleba, sadržaj proteina, aleli glijadinskih alela sa 1A i 6A hromozoma i aleli sa visoko-molekularih glutenina na sva tri Glu-1 lokusa. Ustanovljeno je variranje: sadržaja suvog glutena u rasponu od 22,33% (G-3089) do 33,18% (Beogradjanka), sadržaja proteina od 10,80% (G-3089) do 14,80% (G-3617) i volumen hleba od 360ml (G-3089) do 560ml (G-3617). Na lokusu Gli-A1 identifikovano je 3 alela (a, b, f), na Gli-A2 je 5 alela (b, g, e, l, k). Determinisane su različite komponente visokomolekularnih glutenina i identifikovani aleli za te komponente. Ustanovljeno je prisistvo heterogenosti sorti na Glu-A1 kod dve sorte (Aurora i Kavkaz) i na Glu-D1 kod sorte Banaćanka 2. Identifikovano je po tri različita lalela na Glu-A1 (a, b, c) i Glu-D1 (a, c, d) i 5 alela na Glu-B1 (a, b ,c, d, h), a ustanovljeno je 9 tipova kompozicije gluteninskih alela
Efekat tri nivoa kalcifikacije na sadržaj mobilnog al i kiselost kod distrično smeđeg zemljišta
Get PDFLimited acid soil fertility is caused by a high concentration of H+ and Al3+, some organic acids and heavy metals, but also by a small accessibility of some nutrients and a small microbiological activity. This study has been conducted to determine the effect of three levels of liming (partial – 1/3 Y1, half – 1/2 Y1, and complete liming) on the neutralization of the acid reaction, a high content of mobile Al3+ in Dystric cambisol soil near Kosovska Mitrovica. The complete liming has almost completely neutralized the acid reaction, and decreased the level of mobile Al below 1.0 mg kg-1. There has been a satisfactory degree of decrease in pH and Al.Ograničena plodnost kiselih zemljišta uslovljena je visokom koncentracijom H+ i Al3+, nekih organskih kiselina i teških metala, ali i malom pristupačnošćunekih hraniva i ograničenom mikrobiološkom aktivnošću. Studija je vođena da se utvrdi efekat tri nivoa kalcifikacije (delimična – 1/3 Y1, polovična – 1/2 Y1 i potpuna kalcifikacija) na neutralizaciju kisele reakcije i visokog sadržaja mobilnog Al kod distrično smeđeg zemljišta u okolini Kosovske Mitrovice. Punom kalcifikacijom je skoro u potpunosti neutralisana kisela reakcija, a nivo mobilnog Al smanjen ispod 1.0 mg 100 g-1. Istovremeno je zabeležen zadovoljavajući stepen smanjenja pH i Al
Analysis of the Quality of Oats (Avena Sativa L.) Grown In Conditions of Organic Production
Get PDFDuring 2015 and 2016 the research of 11 oats genotypes is conducted, in conditions of organic production. Three of the oats genotypes are domestic populations, Krivogastani, Trebenista and Kuceviste, and the others are introduced varieties: Rajac, Slavuj and Lovken from Serbia, Kupa, Baranja, Eksplorer, Sampionka and Istra from Croatia. The phenological surveys, during the research showed that the vegetation period of the spring oat genotypes, grown in condition of organic production, is 100 – 110 days. The oats was sown in March, and the full maturity was reached in July, in each year of the research. In both years of research, the highest absolute mass of the grain had variety Istra (34,60 g in 2015 and 29,60 in 2016), while, the lowest had the population Krivogastani (12,3 g in 2015 and 14,90 g in 2016). There are very significant statistical differences between the varieties. The hectoliter mass of the grain is statistically different in different varieties, in the both years of the research. Rajac variety showed the lowest hectoliter mass in both experimental years (23,66 kg/hl in 2015 and 31,5kg/hl in 2016). The highest hectoliter mass in 2015 had Istra variety (42,05 kg/hl), and in 2016, it was Krivogastani population (36 kg/hl). The highest oats plants, in both years of research, were Krivogastani population (116,7 cm in 2015 and 143,3 cm in 2016). The lowest plants were Kupa variety (78,3 cm in 2015 and 83,4 cm in 2016). The comparison between varieties showed that there are statistically significant differences
Uticaj uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka na vegetativni rast, prinos i kvalitet ploda kupine (Rubus fruticosus L.)
Get PDFPaper presents results of the effect of removing the first flush primocanes on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of blackberry cultivar ‘Čačanska Bestrna’. Primocanes were removed on a single (10 of May) or double (10 of May and 1 of June) occasions. Removing the first flush primocanes had impact on number of fruiting branches developed in current year on floricanes, but no on their length. It was observed that treatments with removing primocanes had significantly higher yield per bush and per unit area. Increasing of yields was ranged from 11.4% (removal of primocanes twice) to 15.1% (removal of primocanes once). Fruit weight and soluble solids content in the blackberry fruits were not significantly different under the influence of various term of the removal of the first flush of primocanes. The aforementioned pomotechnical measure has significantly influenced the properties of newly developed blackberry primocanes.U radu su prikazani rezultati uticaja uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka na vegetativni rast, prinos i kvalitet ploda kupine sorte ‘Čačanska bestrna’. Izdanci su uklanjani u jedan (10. maja) ili dva navrata (10. maja i 1. juna). Uklanjanje je uticalo na broj rodnih grančica razvijenih u tekućoj godini na dvogodišnjem izdanku kupine, ali ne i na njihovu dužinu. Prinos po žbunu i jedinici površine je bio značajno veći u varijantama uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka nego kada oni nisu uklanjani. Povećanje prinosa se kretalo od 11,4% (uklanjanje izdanaka dva puta) pa do 15,1% (uklanjanje izdanaka jednom). Masa ploda i sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije u plodovima se nisu značajno razlikovali pod uticajem različitih varijanti uklanjanja prvih serija izdanaka kod kupine. Uklanjanje prvih serija izdanaka u toku vegetacije je značajno uticalo na osobine novorazvijenih izdanaka kupine
Efekat načina navodnjavanja na intenzitet pojave plamenjače paprike
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation methods on the intensity of downy mildew peppers in terms of natural infection. On variants drip irrigation index diseases peppers was the lowest (2.6%), while the irrigation furrows was the highest (8.6%). The water in the furrows was very efficient the transferor infection. The most convenient way of irrigation in order to integral protection peppers from attacks Phytophthora capsici dropwise.Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi uticaj načina navodnjavanja na intenzitet pojave plamenjače paprike u uslovima prirodne infekcije. Na varijanti navodnjavanja kapanjem indeks oboljenja paprike bio je najmanji (2,6%), dok je kod navodnjavanja brazdama bio najveći (8,6%).Voda u brazdama bila je vrlo efikasan prenosnik zaraze. Najpovoljniji način navodnjavanja u cilju integralne zaštite paprike od napada Phytophthora capsici je kap po kap
Karakteristike fermentacije kombuhe na ekstraktu cikorije
Get PDFThe aim of the paper was to establish the characteristics of kombucha fermentation on chicory extract. Total acidity was markedly lower in comparison to traditional kombucha product. Sensory mark and pH value showed that the beverage ready for consumption is produced after 7 days of fermentation, which indicated successfful chicory extract application in kombucha beverages production.Cilj rada je bilo ispitivanje karakteristika fermentacije kombuhe na ekstraktu cikorije. Ukupna kiselost je bila izrazito niža u odnosu na tradicionalni kombuha proizvod. Vrednost pH i senzorna ocena su pokazali da se nakon 7 dana fermentacije dobija napitak koji može da se konzumira što je pokazalo da se ekstrakt cikorije može uspešno primeniti u proizvodnji kombuha napitaka
Polyphenolic Profiles of Selected Medicinal Herbs
Get PDFThe total phenolic contents and contents of main individual phenolics in plant extracts of bilberry, willow gentian, wild raspberry, spearmint and peppermint were determined. The above-ground parts of plants were subjected to the exhaustive extraction with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The total phenolic content for the medicinal herbs, ranged from 2.8 to 15.2 mg GAE/g dm, were as follows: spearmint > peppermint > willow gentian > wild raspberry > bilberry. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, an extremely high content of rosmarinic acid was revealed in peppermint sample (849 mg/100 g dm). The plant of bilberry was characterized by greater amounts of chlorogenic acid, rutin and sinapinic acid (367, 248, and 229 mg/100 g dm, respectively) than the above-ground parts of other analyzed species
Uticaj sirovine na kvalitet rakija od šljive
Get PDFThe quality of plum brandy, its chemical composition and sensory characteristics are affected by a variety of plum and applied technological process. To determine the impact on quality of plum brandy which is made by plum varietes, we researched plum cultivars Stanley, Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska rodna and Požegača. Chemical analysis and sensory evaluation of obtained brandies was carried out after their processing. It was found that the characteristics of plum brandy depend primary on variety of plums. Best results were achived with brandies made of Pozegaca, Cacanska rodna and Cacanska lepotica while a sample obtained from Stanley was rated slightly lower.Na kvalitet šljivovice, njen hemijski sastav i senzorne karakteristike, utiču sorta šljive i tehnološki postupak proizvodnje. Da bismo utvrdili uticaj sorte šljive na kvalitet šljivovice, ispitivane su sorte šljive Stenli, Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska rodna i Požegača. Nakon prerade izvršena je hemijska analiza i senzorna ocena dobijenih rakija. Utvrđeno je da karakteristike šljivovica zavise prvenstveno od sorte šljive. Najbolje rezultate pokazale su rakije od sorti Požegača, Čačanska rodna i Čačanska lepotica, dok se uzorak rakije od sorte Stenli pokazao nešto slabijim