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Metode uklanjanja fenola iz otpadne vode
Get PDFPhenol is a major pollutant in the wastewater because of its presence in the effluent of major processing and refining plants. It has severe effect on human being, both short term and long term. Various methods are used for removal of the phenol from wastewater such as adsorption, photodecomposition, volatilization and other various biological and non-biological methods. In the present study attempt is done to present the survey of the research on the phenol removal by various methods. The methods such as polymerization, electrocoagulation, extraction, photodecomposition, advanced oxidation and ion exchange were used effectively by various investigators. These methods are reported to be efficient for the phenol removal. Suitable method for phenol removal can be selected based on availability of the material, extent of separation required and properties of phenolic effluent.Fenol je jedan od glavnih polutanata u otpadnoj industrijskoj vodi. Utiče na zdravlje ljidi i taj uticaj se ispoljava kako posle kraćeg tako i posle dužeg prisustva. Za uklanjanje fenola iz otpadne vode koriste se metode kao što su adsorpcija, fotorazgradnja, isparavanje (volatilizacija) kao i biološke i nebiološke metode. U ovom radu daje se prikaz istraživanja o uklanjanju fenola različitim metodama kao što su polimerizacija, elektrokoagulacija, fotorazgradnja, unapređena oksidacija i jonska izmena. Izbor metode za uklanjanje fenola može biti učinjen na osnovu raspoloživog materijala, zahtevanog intenziteta prečišćavanja i osobina fenolnog efluenta
Strukturiranje i primena materijala na osnovu biopolimera hitozana
Get PDFDerived from chitin, chitosan is a unique biopolymer that exhibits, beside biocompatibility and biodegradability, outstanding adsorption properties. The layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition technique is based on the alternated adsorption of materials bearing complementary charged or functional groups, in aqueous medium. As a consequence of the polycationic nature of chitosan, chitosan-based films can be used as sensors, drug delivery systems and in tissue engineering. The goal of work was to obtain innovative nano-composites beads based on hitosan, alginate and iron-oxide prepared using LBL deposition method, as magnetic adsorbents used for the separation of dyes from solutions and suspensions.Hitozan je jedinstveni biopolimer koji, pored biokompatibilnosti i biodegradabilnosti, pokazuje i odlična adsorpciona svojstva. Sloj po sloj tehnika (layer-by-layer, (LBL)) se zasniva na naizmeničnoj adsorpciji materijala sa komplementarno naelektrisanim ili funkcionalnim grupama, u vodenoj sredini. Polikatjonska priroda hitozana omogućava njihovu primenu u LBL procesima, i zbog toga se filmovi na osnovu hitozana koriste kao senzori, nosači lekova i u inženjerstvu tkiva. Cilj rada je strukturiranje inovativnih nanokompozitnih granula na osnovu hitozana, alginata i Fe2O3 primenom LBL tehnike radi njihove primene kao magnetnih adsorbenata za uklanjanje boja iz rastvora i iz suspenzija
Uporedna karakterizacija sastava i nutritivne vrednosti hladno presovanog i rafinisanog ulja semenki grožđa
Get PDFIn this paper the comparative analysis of fatty acid composition and nutritional value of cold pressed oils of white and red grap seeds are compared to refined grape seed oil. The results showed that there are certain differences between cold pressed and refined oil, especially in nutritional values. Fatty acid composition of all samples was common for this type of oil, however, cold-pressed oils, both from the seeds of white and red grapes, had a significantly higher content of carotenoids and chlorophylls, as well as total tocopherols. On the other hand, refined oil was slightly enriched with phenolic compounds.U ovom radu izvršena je uporedna analiza sastava masnih kiselina i odabranih pokazatelja nutritivne vrednosti hladno presovanih ulja semenki belog i crnog grožđa u odnosu na rafinisano ulje semenki grožđa. Rezultati su pokazali da postoje izvesne razlike između hladno presovanih i rafinisanog ulja, posebno po nutritivnoj vrednosti. Sastav masnih kiselina svih uzoraka je bio uobičajen za ovu vrstu ulja, međutim, hladno presovana ulja, kako od semenki belog tako i crnog grožđa, imala su znatno veći sadržaj karotenoida i hlorofila, kao i ukupnih tokoferola. Nasuprot tome, fenolnim jedinjenjima je nešto bogatije bilo rafinisano ulje
Antioksidativna aktivnost vrsta Mentha longifolia, M. piperita i M. pulegium (Lamiaceae)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the quantity of total phenolics including flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of extracts from the aboveground parts from species of the genus Mentha L. (M.piperita, M.pulegium and M.longifolia). The tested plant species characterized high content of secondary metabolites. In addition, correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity is observed. The highest concentration of flavonoids was obtained in acethonic extracts. The highest content of total fenolics, as well as highest antioxidant activity was recorded in methanolic extracts from M. pulegium. The species M. piperita, M. pulegium i M. longifolia can be regarded as promising sources of components with biological properties.Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje količine ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja, kao i flavonoida i antioksidativne aktivnosti ekstrakata nadzemnih delova odabranih vrsta roda Mentha L. (M. piperita, M. pulegium i M. longifolia). Vrste karakteriše visoka koncentracija sekundarnih metabolita, pri čemu je uočena veza izmedju količine fenolnih jedinjenja i antioksidativne aktivnosti. Najveća količina flavonoida dobijena je u acetonskim ekstraktima ispitivanih vrsta. Najveća količina ukupnih fenola, takođe i najveća antioksidativna aktivnost, zabeležena je u metanolnom ekstraktu vrste M. pulegium. Vrste M. piperita, M. pulegium i M. longifolia mogu se smatrati značajnim izvorima bioaktivnih komponenti
Mineralni sastav različitih sorti višanja (Oblačinska i Maraska)
Get PDFDetermination of the mineral composition of two varieties of cherries (oblačinska i maraska) in their konzumnoj maturity was the aim of this study. The content of individual elements was in mg / 100g: Na (oblačinska cherry 4,7 and maraska 5,1), K (195.6 and 211.3), Mg (15.3 and 17.3), Ca (13.1 and 16.4), P (17.1, 18.6) Fe (0.21 and 0.22), Cu (0.08 and 0.09), Zn (0.1 and 0.1) and Mn ( 0.1 and 0.1). Both of these varieties do not represent a significant source of certain elements in the diet, because when consuming 150 grams of fresh cherries relatively well meet the daily needs of the organism is only for potassium and copper.Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi mineralni sastav dvije sorte višanja (oblačinska i maraska) u njihovoj konzumnoj zrelosti. Sadržaj pojedinih elemenata iznosio je u mg/100g: Na (oblačinska 4,7 i maraska 5,1), K (195,6 i 211,3), Mg (15,3 i 17,3), Ca (13,1 i 16,4), P (17,1 18,6) Fe (0,21 i 0,22), Cu (0,08 i 0,09), Zn (0,1 i 0,1) i Mn (0,1 i 0,1). Obe ove sorte ne predstavljaju značajan izvor pojedinih elemenata u ishrani, jer pri konzumiranju 150 g svježih višanja relativno dobro zadovoljenje dnevnih potreba organizma je samo za kalijum i bakar
Inventarizacija i upotreba ljekovitog bilja u tradicionalnoj fitoterapiji
Get PDFThis paper describes the medicinal plants found in the area of Zvornik Municipality. It describes the anatomical- morphological and systematic characteristics, and the medicinal properties and applications in phytotherapy.
On the ecologically diverse habitats, 74 plant species were collected. All individuals are orderly stored in herbarium and determined with the key for determination of plants.
With this paper we give a better view on one part of the diversity of plant life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and for everyone who is interested and who wants to deal with herbs, it can be used as guidelines for further study.U radu su opisane pronađene ljekovite biljne vrste na području opštine Zvornik. Opisane su anatomsko-morofološke i sistematske karakteristike te njihova ljekovita svojstava i primjena u fitoterapiji. Na ekološki različitim staništima prikupljeno je 26 biljnih vrsta. Sve jedinke su uredno pohranjene u herbarijumu i determinisane uz pomoć kjučeva za determinaciju biljaka. Ovim radom se daje bolji pregled, jednog dijela diverziteta biljnog svijeta Bosne i Hercegovine, i svako koga zanima i ko se želi baviti ljekovitim biljem, može da mu bude smijernica za dalje proučavanje
Unutrašnji kvalitet jaja kokoši nosilja iz različitih sistema gajenja
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different rearing systems: conventional - cage, free range and organic system of production of laying hens on the parameters of the internal quality of eggs: yolk color, albumen height and Haugh unit score.
Eggs from both rearing systems with outlet had less intensive colored yolk than conventional - cage produced eggs. On the other hand, eggs from free range system had a lowest albumen height of egg and Haugh unit score compared to both eggs - from cage and eggs from organic production systems, which do not significantly differ in these parameters.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uticaj različitih sistema gajenja: konvencionalnog - kaveznog, sistema gajenja sa ispustom - tzv. "free range" i organskog sistama držanja kokoši nosilja na parametre unutrašnjeg kvaliteta jaja: boju žumanca, visinu belanca i broj Hogovih jedinica.
Jaja iz oba sistema gajenja sa ispustom imala slabiji intenzitet obojenosti žumanca od konvencionalno - kavezno proizvedenih jaja. Sa druge strane, jaja iz sistema gajenja sa ispustom su imala manju visinu belanca i broj Hogovih jedinica i u poređenju sa jajima iz kaveznog i sa jajima iz organskog sistema proizvodnje, koja se međusobno nisu značajno razlikovala u navedenim parametrima
Metode gajenja i genetskog unapređenja u organskom stočarstvu
Get PDFThe intensification of agricultural production, both crop and livestock, has brought many benefits to human society , but the intensive development of agriculture and its orientation on industrial principles carry with them the negative effects, which were multiplied and increased more and more. The main negative effects are following conventional intensive agricultural production are reflected in: soil erosion and biodiversity, animal product obtained by animals that are grown under conditions of constant stress, the presence of residues of antibiotics and chemical crop protection products.
Organic farming is fully controlled production cycle. The conditions of production are based on rules IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) and they must be legally regulated and adapted to the specific conditions of each country in which the production takes place.
Methods of breeding and selection of animals for organic production is a key issue for the successful organization of production. Rule book on the methods of organic livestock production points out that in organic farming using vital species and the race of animals that are adapted to local conditions of breeding and local diseases. In this way we avoiding health problems or specific diseases typical of the species and races used in intensive livestock production (stress syndrome, BSE, spontaneous abortion, difficult partus that requires a caesarean section, etc.).Intenzifikacija poljoprivredne proizvodnje, kako ratarske, tako i stočarske donela je mnogo koristi ljudskom društvu, ali intenzivan razvoj poljoprivrede i njena orjentacija na industrijskim principima nosili su sa sobom i negativne efekte, koji su se umnožavali i sve više rasli. Osnovni negativni efekti koji prate konvencionalnu intenzivnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju ogledaju se u eroziji zemljišta i biodiverziteta, animalnim proizvodima dobijenim od životinja koje se gaje u uslovima konstantnog stresa, prisustvu rezidua antibiotika i hemijskih proizvoda za zaštitu bilja.
Organska poljoprivredna proizvodnja je u potpunosti kontrolisan proizvodni ciklus. Uslovi proizvodnje se na osnovu pravilnika IFOAM-a (Međunarodna federacija pokreta organske poljoprivrede) moraju prilagoditi specifičnim uslovima svake zemlje u kojoj se odvija proizvodnja i zakonski regulisati.
Metode gajenja i izbor životinja za organsku proizvodnju je ključno pitanje za organizovanje uspešne proizvodnje. Pravilnik o metodama organske stočarske proizvodnje naglašava da se u organskoj proizvodnji koriste vitalne vrste i rase životinja koje su adaptirane na lokalne uslove odgajivanja i bolesti, da bi se izbegli zdravstveni problemi ili specifične bolesti karakteristične za vrste i rase koje se koriste u intenzivnoj stočarskoj proizvodnji (stres sindrom, BSE, spontani abortus, težak partus koji zahteva carski rez itd.)
Indeks termalnog komfora (THI) krava u letnjim mesecima od 2005 do 2016 godine na teritoriji AP Vojvodine
Get PDFOne of the most important factors of comfort and well-being of animals is a constant ambient temperature. A stressful environment temperature is estimated comparative measurement of air temperature and humidity (eng. Temperature-Humidity Index, THI). The aim of this study was to determine the mean peak value of THI index in Vojvodina in the period 2005-2016 years. The research results show that the mean value of THI index measured at 14 o'clock in the warmest part of the day exceeds the value of 72, which is considered the upper limit of the thermal comfort of the cows. The linear regression equation shows that from 2005 to 2016 there is a trend increase in mean maximum THI index in all three summer months in June, an increase of 0.17; in July to 0.29 in August, and by about 0.51 units per year. The number of days in which the THI indexed outside the thermal comfort of the cows more than 12 hours per day has increased from 2005 to the present. In 2007 and 2012 there were extremely negative conditions in which the THI index was above the optimum for more than 12 hours a day. During the summer thermal comfort of cows in Vojvodina was significantly compromised, with further growth.Jedan od najvažnijih činilaca komfora i dobrobiti životinja je stalna ambijentalna temperatura. Stresogenost temperature ambijenta se procenjuje uporednim merenjem temperature vazduha i vlažnosti vazduha (eng. Temperature-Humidity Index, THI). Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrde srednje maksimalne vrednosti THI indeksa na teritoriji AP Vojvodine u periodu 2005-2016 godina. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da srednja vrednost THI indeksa izmerena u 14 časova u najtoplijem delu dana prevazilazi vrednost 72, koja se smatra gornjom granicom termalnog komfora kod krava. Linearna regresiona jednačina pokazuje da od 2005 do 2016 godine postoji trend porasta srednjeg maksimalnog THI indeksa u sva tri letnja meseca: u junu porast za 0,17; u julu za 0,29 i u avgustu za oko 0,51 jedinica godišnje. Broj dana u kojima je THI indek izvan termalnog komfora krava duže od 12 časova dnevno je u porastu od 2005 godine do danas. U 2007. i 2012 godini postojali su ekstremno negativni uslovi u kojima je THI indeks bio iznad optimuma više od 12 sati dnevno. Tokom letnjih meseci termalni komfor krava na teritoriji AP Vojvodine je značajno ugrožen, sa daljom tendencijom porasta
Uticaj vremena između berbe i predhlađenja na respiraciju grožđa (Thompson Seedless) tokom skladištenja
No full textDuring the respiration, the oxygen concentration decreased and the carbon dioxide concentration increased which results in decreased respiration rate. After precooling, the grapes were stored under cold storage. The storage studies was carried out for 40 days during which the changes in respiration rate were analyzed. During 2nd day of storage, grapes stored in ambient condition showed higher respiration rate of 100.36 and grapes precooled immediately after harvest showed minimum respiration rate of 28.73 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1. During 40th day of storage, the respiration rate of grapes precooled immediately after harvest showed 17.57 whereas the respiration rate of grapes precooled with time lag of 6 h was found to be 18.76 and it was 17.05 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 in grapes precooled after time lag of 12 h from harvest, respectively. The grapes stored in ambient condition showed the lowest respiration rate of 6.73 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 during 32nd day of storage.Tokom respiracije, koncentracija kiseonika opada i povećava se koncentracija ugljen-dioksida, što dovodi do smanjenja respiracije. Posle predhlađenja, grožđe je skladišteno u hladnom skladištu. Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom 40 dana i analizirane su promene respiracije. Tokom drugog dana skladištenja, grožđe u normalnim uslovima je pokazalo višu respiraciju od 100.36, dok je grožđe ohlađeno odmah posle berbe pokazalo minimalnu respiraciju od 28.73 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1. Tokom 40-tog dana skladištenja, respiracija grožđa koje je ohlađeno odmah posle berbe iznosila je 17.57, dok je transpiracija grožđa ohlađenog 6 h posle berbe oznosila 18.76, a 17.05 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 kod grožđa sa kašnjenjem hlađenja od 12 h. Grožđe u skladišteno u normalnim uslovima pokazalo je najnižu respiraciju od 6.73 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 tokom 32. dana skladištenja