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Influence of Chemical Thinning of Apple Cultivars on Yield and Fruit Quality
No full textU radu je ispitivan uticaj hemijskog proređivanja plodova na zametanje
plodova, prinos, kvalitet ploda i povratno cvetanje kod sorti jabuke Zlatni delišes klon
Rajnders, Gala rojal bjut, Red kep i Red džonaprins u 2014. godini. Zasad je podignut u
proleće 2013. godine sa „knip“ sadnicama. Hemijsko proređivanje je vršeno sledećim
sredstvima: naftil-sirćetna kiselina (NAA), 6-benziladenin (6-BA), karbaril, metamitron i
kombinacijom ovih sredstava.
Najintenzivnije proređivanje plodova kod svih sorti bilo je kod tretmana sa
metamitronom i tretmana sa kombinacijama metamitron + NAA i 6-BA + NAA. Usled
smanjenja broja plodova po stablu kod ovih tretmana je zabeleženo najveće povećanje mase
ploda u poređenju sa kontrolom. Primena bioregulatora u dvogodišnjem zasadu imala je
efekat na cvetanje jabuke narednog proleća. Kod sorti Gala rojal bjut i Red džonaprins, efekat
hemijskog proređivanja na cvetanje narednog proleća nije bio značajan, za razliku od sorti
Zlatni delišes i Redkep. Kod sorte Zlatni delišes broj plodova preko šest po cm2 površine
poprečnog preseka debla (PPPD) uticao je na izostanak diferenciranja cvetova, dok je kod
sorte Red kep kritičan broj plodova bio tri po cm2 PPPD.This experiment was designed to investigate effects of chemical thinning on fruit set,
yield, return bloom and fruit quality of apple cultivars ‘Golden Reinders’, ’Gala Royal
Beaut’, ’Red Cap Deliciou’' and ’Red Jonaprince’ in 2014. The orchard was established in
spring 2013 with high-quality 2-year-old nursery trees that contained 7 or more lateral
branches (except the cultivar ’Red Cap Delicious’). For chemical thinning the following
chemicals were used: auxine naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (BA),
insecticide carbaryl (‘Sevin’) and photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron (‘Brevis’) and their
mix combinations.
The most intensive fruit thinning for all cultivars were obtained in treatments with
metamitron used either alone or in combination with NAA, and in the combination BA +
NAA. Due to the decrease in the number of fruits per tree, in these treatments was recorded
the largest increase in fruit weight compared with the control. Application of bioregulators in
two-year old orchard depending on the cultivar had a greater or lesser effect on apple bloom
in the next spring. Effect of chemical thinning on flowering in the next spring was not
significant in cultivars ‘Royal Gala Beaut’ and ‘Red Jonaprince’. In the cultivar ‘Golden
Reinders’ number of fruits over 6 per cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) resulted in
absence of flowers, while in the cultivar Red Cap that number was 3 per cm2 of TCSA
Influence of Prohexadione-Calcium and Ethephon on Vigor of Sweet Cherry Cultivars
No full textCilj ovog rada je bio ispitivanje uticaja kombinovane primene dva
bioregulatora: proheksadion-kalcijuma i etefona na bujnost sorti trešnje. Ipitivanja su
obavljena u proizvodnom zasadu trešnje u Grockoj na pet sorti: Burlat, Karmen, Sanberst,
Kordija i Regina okalemljenih na podlozi Kolt. Tretman bioregulatorima je obavljen u
proleće u dva navrata: početkom i krajem maja. Na kraju vegetacionog perioda izmereni su
sledeći parametri: dužina i prečnik letorasta, broj nodusa, dužina internodija i površina lista.
Svi ispitivani parametri bujnosti su, u manjoj ili većoj meri, imali manje vrednosti na stablima
na kojima je obavljeno tretiranje bioregulatorima. Pored toga, bioregulatori su uticali na
značajno povećanje broja formiranih majskih buketića kod svih ispitivanih sorti, osim kod
sorte Burlat.In Serbia, in the majority of sweet cherry orchards, vigorous rootstocks (Mazzard and
Mahaleb seedlings and clonal rootstock ‘Colt’) are used. Cherry trees grafted on these
rootstocks are characterized by vigorous growth and the subsequent late coming into bearing.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the combined use of two bioregulators:
Prohexadione-calcium and Ethephon on vigor of sweet cherry cultivars. Studies were carried
out in a cherry orchard in Grocka (near the Belgrade) on five cultivars: ‘Bigarreau Hatif
Burlat’, ‘Sunburst’, ‘Carmen’, ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ grafted on the rootstock ‘Colt’. There
were two treatments with Prohexadione-calcium (250 mg/l) and Ethephon (175 mg/l). The
first treatment was done when the shoots were 8-10 cm long, and the second one three weeks
later. At the end of the growing season were conducted measurements of the following
parameters: length of shoots, diameter of shoots, number of nodes per shoot, leaf area, and the
number of spurs per tree. All parameters of vigor had less values on the trees treated with
bioregulators. Length of the terminal shoots on treated trees was lower by 24-35% comparing
to control. In addition, bioregulators influenced significant increase in the number of spurs
(by 12-74%) in all tested cultivars, except for the cultivar ‘Burlat’
Promjena eksploatacionih svojstava traktora u zavisnosti od ugla predpaljenja motora
No full textMaintenance of tractors on small private farms in Bosnia and Herzegovina is not given sufficient and adequate attention. Consequences of such a trend reflect on exploitation characteristics of tractors, significantly increases fuel consumption and environmental pollution. The goals of the research focused on the part of the issue related to the influences of different pre-ignition angle of the engine on the available power at the PTO shaft and increase of the specific fuel consumption. The research was conducted in the laboratory and experimental facilities of the agricultural machinery testing station in 2015 at the Butmir range, Sarajevo. The obtained results indicate that the tractor power at PTO shaft varied from 21kW do 45kW, that is in a range from 46.6 - 100 %. Variation of the engine power caused changes in fuel consumption which in the plough mode varied from 4.01- 6.86 kg•h-1 of fuel (D-2). Cost-wise, this influenced variations from 2.25 to 4.72 €•h-1 in the idle mode (stand gas) and from 5.57 to 8.81€•h-1 in the plough mode. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis that regular maintenance in accordance with manufacture’s standards needs to be implemented; otherwise the costs of consequences will exceed the maintenance costs several times.Održavanju traktora na malim privatnim posjedima u Bosni i Hercegovini ne posvećuje se dovoljna pažnja. Posljedica takvog stanja odražava se na eksploataciona svojstva traktora, te značajno povećava potrošnju goriva i zagađenje okoline. Ciljevi istraživanja fokusiraju se na dio problematike koja sagledava uticaj različitog ugla predpaljenja motora na raspoloživu snagu traktora na priključnom vratilu (PTO) i povećanje specifične potrošnje goriva. Istraživanja su izvedena u laboratorijskim i eksperimentalnim uslovima ispitne stanice za poljoprivredne mašine u Sarajevu, na destinaciji “Poligona Butmir” u 2015. godini. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da je snaga traktora na PTO varirala u rasponu od 21kW do 45 kW, što u procentualnim pokazateljima iznosi 46,6 - 100 %. Varijacije snage motora prouzrokovale su promjenu potrošnje goriva koja je iznosila u oranju od 4,01- 6,86 kg•h-1 nafte (D-2), dok se navedena potrošnja goriva u finansijskim pokazateljima kretala u rasponu od 4,41 do 9,23 KM•h-1 na štandgasu i od 10,9 do 17,23 KM•h-1 u oranju. Dobiveni rezultati su potvrdili hipotezu da servisiranje poljoprivrednih traktora treba izvoditi redovno i prema tvorničkim normativima, u protivnom posljedice višestruko nadmašuju troškove servisiranja
Prinos suve mase lucerke u zavisnosti od sorte, faze razvića i otkosa
Get PDFThe main objective of this study was to assess dry matter productivity of different alfalfa cultivars depending on stage of maturity and cut, as well as the optimal time of harvest to achieve the maximum yield. Dry matter yield of alfalfa and red clover depended on all three factors and their interactions. The local variety of alfalfa, K 28, was more productive (from 6,8 to 2,3 t ha-1 from first to fourth cut, and from 3,4 to 5,5 t ha-1 from first to third stage of development) compared to US variety, G+13R+CZ (from 5,9 to 2,2 t ha-1 from first to fourth cut, and from 2,7 to 5,2 t ha-1 from first to third stage of development). The maximum yield of K 28 variety could be achieved by cutting alfalfa five times a year.Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi produktivnost različitih sorti lucerke u zavisnosti od faze razvića i otkosa, kao i optimalno vreme košenja radi postizanja maksimalnog prinosa. Prinos suve materije lucerke zavisio je od sva tri ispitivana faktora i njihovih interakcija. Domaća sorta lucerke je produktivnija (6,8 do 2,3 t ha-1 od prvog do četvrtog otkosa, odnosno od 3,4 do 5,5 t ha-1 od prve do treće faze razvića) u odnosu na američku (5,9 do 2,2 t ha-1 od prvog do četvrtog otkosa, odnosno od 2,7 do 5,2 t ha-1 od prve do treće faze razvića). Maksimalan prinos sorte K-28 mogao bi se postići kosidbom pet puta godišnje
Molekularna identifikacija netuberkuloznih mikobakterija primjenom genotype Mycobacterium CM/AS testa
Get PDFThe study aims to determine the frequency and diversity of clinical isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Of the 306 samples, the presence of NTM was confirmed in 65 (21.20%). The most frequently isolated species were M. fortuitum (30.3%), M. gordonae (24.2%), M. chelonae (15.2%), M. xenopi (7.6%), M. kansasii (4.5%), M. avium ssp. (3%), M. celatum (3%), M. mucogenicum (1.5%), M. peregrinum (1.5%), M. goodii (1.5%) and Mycobacterium sp. (7.6%). The determination of the local spectrum NTM is important because of the significant geographical variation. Although molecular testing is relatively expensive, they provide a rapid and accurate identification of different types of NTM.Istraživanje ima za cilj utvrditi učestalost i raznolikost kliničkih izolata netuberkuloznih mikobakterija (NTM). Od 306 uzoraka primjenom molekularnog testa prisustvo NTM je potvrđeno kod 65 (21,20%). Najčešće izolovane vrste su M. fortuitum (30,3%), M. gordonae (24,2%), M. chelonae (15,2%), M. xenopi (7,6%), M. kansasii (4,5%), M. avium ssp. (3%), M. celatum (3%), M. mucogenicum (1,5%), M. peregrinum (1,5%), M. goodii (1,5%) i Mycobacterium sp. (7,6%). Utvrđivanje lokalnog spektra NTM važno je zbog značajnih geografskih varijacija izolovanih vrsta. Iako su molekularna ispitivanja relativno skupa, ona imaju prednost što osiguravaju brzu i tačnu identifikaciju različitih vrsta NTM
Impact of Some Mixtures between Retardants and Antigraminaceous Herbicides on the Sowing Properties of the Durum Wheat Sowing-Seeds
Get PDFThe research was conducted during 2010-2012 on pellic vertisol soil type. Under investigation was Bulgarian durum wheat cultivar Progress, which belongs to Triticum durum var. leucurum. Factor A included no treated check and 3 retardants – Stabilan (chlormequat) – 2 l ha-1, Flordimex extra (ethephon) – 750 ml ha-1, Terpal (ethephon + mepiquat) – 3 l ha-1. Factor B included weeded no treated check and 3 antigraminaceous herbicides - Scorpio super 100 EK (phenoxaprop-ethyl) – 700 ml ha-1, Grasp 25 SK (tralkoxidym) – 1.2 l ha-1, Topik 080 EK (clodinafop) – 450 ml ha-1. All of retardants, herbicides and their tank-mixtures were treated in tillering stage of the durum wheat.
Tank mixtures of herbicide Grasp with retardants Flordimex extra and Terpal decrease germination energy of the durum wheat seeds. Tank mixture Stabilan + Scorpio super decrease lengths of the primary roots and coleoptile. Investigated retardants, antigraminaceous herbicides and their tank mixtures decrease waste grain quantity. Tank mixture of herbicide Scorpio super with retardant Stabilan not influences of waste grain quantity. The lowest grain yields are obtained by combinations of herbicide Scorpio super with retardants Stabilan and Terpal and by combinations of herbicide Topik with retardants Flordimex extra and Terpal. The most increase of grain yield is obtained by combined use of retardant Terpal with herbicide Grasp, of retardant Flordimex extra with herbicides Grasp and Scorpio super and of retardant Stabilan with herbicides Grasp and Topik
Inovativne tehnologije u ekstrakciji biološki važnih molekula
Get PDFHuge biological potential of plant products is one of the main reasons of their common utilization in the productions of dietary supplements as well as functional food which, beside of its nutrition properties, express pharmacological and physiological effects. New scientific knowledge regarding the isolation of pharmacologically active compounds from complex matrices led to significant progress in this field. Today, the process of extraction has significant scientific role, while “green” technologies possess special place in the today’s science. Developing of such technologies implies the use of "green" solvents, among which are especially significant sub- or supercritical fluids and ionic liquids.Veliki biološki potencijal biljnih proizvoda glavni je razlog njihove široke upotrebe u proizvodnji dijetetskih suplemenata i funkcionalne hrane, koja pored zadovoljavajućih nutritivnih svojstava, ispoljava i određene farmakološke i fiziološke efekte. Poslednjih godina došlo je do značajnog napretka u procesima izolovanja farmakološki aktivnih jedinjenja, pre svega zahvaljujući novim naučnim saznanjima vezanim za mehanizme izdvajanja jedinjenja iz složenih matriksa. Danas ekstrakcioni procesi zauzimaju značajno mesto u nauci, a posebni fokus svetske nauke usmeren je ka „zelenim“ tehnologijama. Razvoj takvih tehnologija implicira upotrebu „zelenih“ rastvarača, među kojima su posebno značajni sub- ili superkritičnih fluida kao i jonske tečnosti
Comparative Research for the Influence of Drying Technology on the Chemical Composition of Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) and Porcini Mushrooms (Boletus edulis)
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to determine the differences in the chemical composition between fresh and dried chanterelle and porcini mushrooms. The quality properties were determined by determining the mechanical and the chemical properties. The research was done in 2014. Drying was made in ventricular drier with heated air. The principle of drying is accurately performed to obtain characteristic odor and appearance of the mushroom. All of determined components had higher values in both of dried chanterelle and porcini mushrooms, compared with fresh ones. The content of total dry matters was higher in dried porcini mushrooms (93.48%) and chanterelle mushrooms (92.40%) compared with fresh mushrooms (24.70% in porcini mushrooms, and 22.90% in chanterelle mushrooms). The content of total acids in dry porcini mushrooms was 0.40%, but in chanterelle mushrooms was 0.48%. Its value in fresh porcini mushrooms was 0.13% and in chanterelle mushrooms was 0.16 %. The content of vitamin C in dried porcini mushrooms was 12.70 mg/100g, and 13.90 mg/100 g in chanterelle mushrooms. In the fresh porcini mushrooms the value of vitamin C was 9.20 mg/100 g i.e. 9.15 mg/100 g in the fresh chanterelle mushrooms. The value of mineral matters in dried porcini mushrooms was 3.80% and in dried chanterelle mushrooms was 3.50%. The value of mineral matters was 0.75% in fresh porcini mushrooms and 0.90% in fresh chanterelle mushrooms. Drying in ventricular drier is fast method which reduces the necessary water quantity, inactivates the enzymes and reduces microorganism’s metabolism. This is a basic principle in product conserving and storage for a longer period
Količina fenolnih jedinjenja i antioksidativna aktivnost odabranih vrsta roda Teucrium
Get PDFThe quantity of phenolic compounds, concentration of flavonoids and antioxidant activity were analysed by menas of speectrophotometric methods in methanol, ethanol, acetate and ethyl acetate extract of the species Teucrium fruticans L., T. flavum L. and T. chamaedrys L. (Lamiaceae). The total quantity of phenolic compounds ranged from 45,91 to 271,47 mg GA/g of extract. The concentration of flavonoids varied from 40,56 to 123,64 mg Ru/g of extract. The greatest quantity of phenolic compounds was measured in the methanol extract of the species T. chamaedrys, whereas the highest concentration of flavonoids was found in the acetone extract of the species T. fruticans. The antioxidant activity was within the range of values between 129,33 and 6,45 µg/ml. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanol extract of the species T. chamaedrys, the one in which the greatest quantity of phenolic compounds was found as well.Količina fenolnih jedinjenja, flavonoida kao i antioksidativna aktivnost analizirani su u metanolnim, etanolnim, acetonskim i etil acetatnim ekstraktima biljnih vrsta Teucrium fruticans L., T. flavum L. i T. chamaedrys L. (Lamiaceae). Količina ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja je u opsegu od 45,91 do 271,47 mg GA/g ekstrakta. Količina flavonoida je u opsegu od 40,56 do 123,64 mg RU/g ekstrakta. Najveća količina ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja izmerena je u metanolnom ekstraktu vrste T. chamaedrys, dok je najveća količina flavonoida izmerena u acetonskom ekstraktu vrste T. fruticans. Antioksidativna aktivnost je od 129,33 do 6,45 µg/ml. Najvišu antioksidativnu aktivnost ispoljava metanolni ekstrakt vrste T. chamaedrys
Antimikrobna svojstva ekstrakta ploda i lista borovnice, brusnice i aronije
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to promote antimicrobial activity of berry fruits to rationalize the use of antibiotics considering unwanted consequences and increase of bacteria resistance towards them. In this research we have examined the antimicrobial effects of fruit and leaf extracts of blueberry, cranberry and aronia. During the research we used the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The most prominent antimicrobial effects were achieved by the blueberry fruit extract and cranberry leaf extracts. The aronia extracts have shown the weakest antimicrobial activity. It has been proved that berries posses more antimicrobial effectiveness towards Gramm positive bacteria than the Gramm negative ones.Obzirom na nepoželjne posljedice primjene sintetskih antibiotika, kao i porast bakterijske rezistencije prema njima svrha ovog rada je promocija antimikrobne učinkovitosti bobičastih vrsta sa ciljem racionalizacije upotrebe antibiotika. U ovom istraživanju smo ispitivali antimikrobni učinak ekstrakata iz plodova i listova borovnice, brusnice i aronije. Korišten je disk difuzijski metod po Kirby Baueru. Najizraženiji antimikrobni učinak od ispitivanih plodova posjeduje plod borovnice, a od listova list brusnice. Ekstrakti iz aronije iskazuju slabu antimikrobnu aktivnost. Bobičaste vrste su antimikrobno djelotvornije prema Gramm pozitivnim bakterijama u odnosu na Gramm negativne