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Efekti promene veličine ratarskih i stočarskih gazdinstava u EU
Get PDFEconomic efficiency of crop and livestock farms largely depends on their size. Some indicators of efficiency increase with the enlargement of farms, while others decrease. By monitoring some indicators, it is possible to determine the size of family farms which enables the best economic efficiency in crop and livestock production. It was determined that the best results were achieved on the EU crop production farms with the standard output over 500,000 EUR, while the best results were achieved on the EU livestock production farms with the standard output ranging between 100,000 EUR and 500,000 EUR.Efekti poslovanja ratarskih i stočarskih gazdinstava u velikoj meri zavise od njihove veličine. Sa rastom poljoprivrednih gazdinstava neki se indikatori poslovanja poboljšavaju, dok drugi opadaju. Praćenjem određenih pokazatelja može se utvrditi veličina porodičnih gazdinstava pri kojoj se u ratarskoj i stočarskoj proizvodnji ostvaruju najpovoljniji ekonomski efekti. U radu je utvrđeno da su se u EU ratarskoj proizvodnji najbolje pokazala gazdinstva sa standardnim autputom preko 500.000 EUR, dok se u stočarstvu najbolji rezultati ostvaruju kod gazdinstava veličine standardnog autputa između 100.000 EUR i 500.000 EUR
Laboratorijska i patohistološka dijagnostika masne jetre kod krava u peripartalnom periodu
Get PDFPeripartal period of dairy cows is characterized by the appearance of numerous metabolic diseases and their impact on the quality and cost-effectiveness of production. Fat accumulation in liver is a common finding in cows during late pregnancy and in the first three weeks of lactation. A fatty liver represents a disorder of metabolism of fat and carbohydrates, and is conditioned by a negative energy balance. All categories of dairy cows, especially obese cows and cows with a long service period, are predisposed. The main preventive measure is the optimization and use of balanced meals in quantitative and energy terms during the period of drying and early lactation.Peripartalni period mlečnih krava se karakteriše pojavom mnogobrojnih metaboličkih bolesti i njihovim uticajem na kvalitet i ekonomičnost proizvodnje. Nakupljanje masti u jetri je čest nalaz kod krava za vreme kasnog graviditeta i u prve tri nedelje laktacije. Masna jetra predstavlja poremećaj metabolizma masti i ugljenih hidrata, a uslovljen je negativnim energetskim bilansom. Predisponirane su sve kategorije mlečnih krava, a posebno gojazne krave i krave sa dugim servis periodom. Kao osnovna preventivna mera navodi se optimizacija i korišćenje izbalansiranih obroka u kvantitativnom i energetskom smislu tokom perioda zasušenja i rane laktacije
Antimikrobna aktivnost i fenolni sastav ekstrakta biljke Salvia Verticillata L.
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigatethe total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids,examine the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of S. verticillata aerial part, and demonstrate the presence of rosmarinic acid. The extract was rich in total phenolic content, especially in the total flavonoids content. Using the thin layer chromatography method, rosmarinic acid was identified in the extract.The extract showed moderate to weak antibacterial activity with MIC values of 1.25 to 20 mg/mL and significantly lower antifungal activity. The obtained results suggest that S. verticillata could be subjected to further studies of its pharmacological potential.Cilj ovog rada je bio određivanje ukupne količine fenolnih jedinjenja, flavonoida i fenolnih kiselina, ispitivanje antimikrobne aktivnosti metanolnog ekstrakta nadzemnog dela biljke S. verticillata, kao i dokazivanje prisustva ruzmarinske kiseline. Ekstrakt je sadržao značajnu količinu ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja, pri čemu se izdvojio po visokom sadržaju flavonoida.TLC hromatografijom pokazano je prisustvo ruzmarinske kiseline u ovom ekstraktu. Ekstrakt je pokazao umerenu do slabu antibakterijsku aktivnost sa MIK vrednostima od 1,25 do 20 mg/mLi znatno slabiju antifungalnu aktivnost. Dobijeni rezultati sugerišu da se mogu nastaviti dalja ispitivanja farmakološkog potncijala biljkeS. verticillata
Influence of Artificial Infestation with Western Corn Rootworm Eggs on Maize Morphology
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out in Bečej (Serbia) during 2014 with Serbian maize cultivar NS-640. In experimental field, 96 plants were selected, marked, and arranged in 48 pairs. In each pair, one plant was artificially infested in root zone with 4 mL of Diabrotica v. sp. virgifera eggs 0.125% agar suspension (D plants). The maximum measured height on D (infested) and C (control) plants was 295 cm and 320 cm, respectively. The maximum measured diameter on D plants was 27.93 mm and on C plants was 32.13 mm respectively. The maximum recorded number of leaves was 15 on both categories. Statistical analysis shows that differences between plant diameters and the number of leaves between D and C plants are significant
Pranje i dezinfekcija vodovodne mreže na poligonu nacionalne vozačke akademije NAVAK u Subotištu
Get PDFSimply and cheap cleaning/disinfection procedure for treatment of aqueduct network from car testing polygon in Subotište was shown. Aqueduct network was exploited for three years without any water treatment. High water temperature up to 28°C and absence of disinfection, resulted in biofilm formation at pipe surface. Pipe-line was improved by cleaning and washing, neutralization, hyperchlorination and application of peroxide and silver. The effect of the process parameters (concentration and type of agent) on cleaning, washing and disinfection of pipe-line was investigated. A new, low-cost method for the use of tested chemicals based on frontal release of "plugs" was established. The results showed that prior to the treatment there was bacteriological contamination of the pipeline with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, after the performed cleaning, wash and water disinfection process at all points in the business premises and hydrant network, the quality of water was according to Rulebook on the bacteriological correctness of drinking water. The most effective oxidation and disinfection agent has been shown to be a composite solvent based on hydrogen peroxide and colloidal silver "Silosone" at a concentration of up to 20 mg/L.U radu je prikazan jednostavan i jeftin postupak za čišćenje i dezinfekciju vodovodnog sistema na poligonu za ispitivanje automobila u Subotištu. Vodovodni sistem je bio u eksploataciji tri godine bez ikakvog tretmana vode. Povećana temperatura vode do čak 28°C i odsustvo dezinfekcionog sredstva uzrok je pojave biofilma u cevovodu. Cevovod je saniran čišćenjem i ispiranjem, neutralizacijom, hiperhlorisanjem i primenom peroksida i srebra. Ustanovljen je efekat operativnih parametara (koncentracija i vrsta sredstva) za proces čišćenja, pranja i dezinfekcije cevovoda. Prikazan je i novi metod frontalnog puštanja „čepova“ testiranih sredstava za čišćenje i pranje, a uz minimalnu potrošnju kako bi troškovi procesa bili što niži. Rezultati su pokazali da je pre tretmana postojalo bakteriološko zagađenje cevovoda bakterijom Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Međutim, posle izvršenih procesa čišćenja, pranja i dezinfekcije voda na svim točećim mestima u poslovnim objektima i hidrantskoj mreži, bila po Pravilniku o bakteriološkoj ispravnosti pijaće vode. Pokazano je da je najefikasnije sredstvo za oksidaciju i dezinfekciju kompozitno sredstvo na bazi vodonik peroksida i koloidnog srebra „Silozon“ u koncentraciji do 20 mg/L
Kalkulacije u proizvodnji silaže
Get PDFEnsuring high yields of good-quality corn silage provides cheaper rations for milking cows. To reduce silage production costs, the calculation method was used for the analysis of milk production on two farms (A and B) during three years. The article presents the breakdown of milk production costs as the average percentage of total variable costs for both farms, as well as the costs of silage.Ostvarenjem dobrih prinosa kvalitetne silaže kukuruza obezbeđuju se jeftiniji obroci za ishranu muznih krava. U cilju smanjivanja troškova proizvodnje silaže metodom kalkulacija analizirana je ova proizvodnja na dva poljoprivredna gazdinstva A i B za period od tri godine. U radu je dato prosečno učešće troškova u ukupnim varijabilnim troškovima za oba gazdinstva kao i cene koštanja proizvedene silaže
Hemijski sastav zrna i slame pšenice gajene pri različitim količinama NPK hraniva
Get PDFThe high yield and quality of wheat, besides genetics, owes to the cultivation technology, and within it a significant place is occupied by fertilization. The aim of this paper was to determine the chemical composition of grains and straw of wheat grown in different amounts of NPK nutrients on a long-term field experiment. Six fertilization treatments were selected: (i) unfertilized control variant, (ii) N100P50K50, (iii) N100P100K50, (iv) N100P100K100, (v) N100P150K50, (vi) N100P150K150. Based on the obtained results, significant influence of individual varieties of fertilization was determined on the content of the studied macroelements (N, C, P, K, Ca and Mg) in grains and straw.Visok prinos i kvalitet pšenica, osim genetike, duguje i tehnologiji gajenja, a u okviru nje značajno mesto zauzima đubrenje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi hemijski sastav zrna i slame pšenice gajene pri različitim količinama NPK hraniva na dugoročnom poljskom eksperimentu. Odabrano je šest tretmana đubrenja: (i) kontrola (neđubrena varijanta), (ii) N100P50K50, (iii) N100P100K50, (iv) N100P100K100, (v) N100P150K50, (vi) N100P150K150. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, utvrđen je različit uticaj pojedinih varijanti đubrenja na sadržaj ispitivanih makroelemenata (N, C, P, K, Ca, Mg) u zrnu i slami
Sigurna vožnja i radovi sa poljoprivrednim i šumskim vozilima u Republici Sloveniji
No full textIf we want to reduce the number of fatalities and injured people because of driving and working with agricultural and forestry vehicles, we have to regulate the whole area of use such vehicles. First step for this are conformity assessment procedures before putting agricultural and forestry vehicles on the market to achieve that only approved vehicles will come to the market. At the moment of the registration procedure of these vehicles for the use on public roads and for work these vehicles have to be equipped with the equipment that is obliged and prescribed in the EU harmonised legislation and in the national legislation. In the exploitation these vehicles have to be in good condition that is checked with the periodic roadworthiness tests. This area is well regulated and harmonised because it is prescribed in the EU legislation. And finally the police and different inspectorates perform the roadside inspections that check the technical condition of these vehicles at driving and also at work on the field. On the other side also the drivers of agricultural and forestry vehicles need education in order to recognise what is the proper use of these vehicles, where their limits are and how to recognise the moments where they are only one step from causing an accident. If all mentioned systems work properly there is a possibility to reduce the number of fatalities and injured people with such vehicles.Ako želimo da smanjimo broj smrtnih slučajeva i povređenih ljudi zbog vožnje i rada sa poljoprivrednim i šumskim vozilima, moramo regulisati čitavu oblast korišćenja takvih vozila. Prvi korak za to su procedure za ocenjivanje usaglašenosti pre nego što se na tržištu pojave neka poljoprivredna i šumska vozila . Tako se postigne da na tržište dođu samo odobrena po Zakonu ispravna pomenuta vozila.
U momentu postupka registracije ovih vozila za upotrebu na javnim putevima i za rad ova vozila moraju imati opremomu koja je obavezna i propisana u zakonodavstvu EU i nacionalnom zakonodavstvu (Slovenija). U eksploataciji ova vozila moraju biti u dobrom stanju koje se proverava periodičnim testovima tehničkog pregleda. Ova oblast je dobro regulisana i usklađena jer je propisana u zakonodavstvu EU. Na kraju, policija i različiti inspektori obavljaju inspekciju na putevima koji proveravaju tehničko stanje ovih vozila prilikom vožnje na javnim i drugim puteviam i na radnom mestu. Sa druge strane, vozači poljoprivrednih i šumskih vozila moraju imati obrazovanje kako bi prepoznali pravilnu upotreba ovih vozila, gde su njihove granice i kako prepoznati trenutke u kojima su samo jedan korak od uzroka nesreće. Ako svi pomenuti sistemi ispravno funkcionišu, postoji mogućnost smanjenja broja smrtnih slučajeva i povrieđenih osoba koje rade sa takvim vozilima
Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on Fruit Cold Storage of 'Williams' Pear Variety
No full textCilj ovog rada bio je ispitati uticaj tretmana 1-metilciklopropenom (1-MCP) na
čuvanje i promjenu kvaliteta plodova kruške sorte 'Vilijamovka'. Plodovi kruške tretirani su
sa 1-MCP (SmartfreshTM; 0,14% MCP) koncentracije625 ppb tokom 24 sata, a
zatimuskladišteni tokom dva mjeseca na temperaturi od 4°C i uslovima od 90% relativne
vlage zraka (NA hladnjača). Neki parametri kvaliteta, kao što su čvrstoća mesa ploda, sadržaj
ukupno rastvorljive suhe tvari, sadržaj titracijskih kiselina i boja pokožice ploda (određena
kolorimetrijski) su mjereni prije postharvest treatmana 1-MCP-om, kao i nakon skladištenja u
trajanju od 60 dana. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je tretman 1-MCP bio učinkovit na
stepen omekšavanja plodova, povećanje sadržaja ukupno rastvorljive suhe tvari i smanjenje
sadržaja titracijskih kiselina u plodu. 1-MCP nije imao značajan uticaj na promjenu boje
pokožice ploda. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata ovog istraživanja 1-MCP se može preporučiti
kao potencijalno dobro sredstvo za odlaganje dozrijevanja i promjena u kvalitetu plodova
kruške tokom 60 dana čuvanja u hladnjači.The objective of this research was to investigate the effect oftreatment with 1-MCP on
storage and fruit quality changes of'Williams' pear cultivar. Pear fruits were treated with 1-
MCP (SmartfreshTM; 0.14% MCP) with concentration of 625 ppb for 24 hours and were
stored for two months at 4°C temperature and 85–90% relative humidity conditions (NA
storage room). Some quality parameters such as fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable
acidity and fruit skin colour (alalyzed colorimetrically) were measured before postharvest
treatment of 1-MCP and after storage period of 60 days. The obtained results indicated that 1-
MCP treatment were effective on the rate of softening, increase of total soluble solids and
decrease of titratable acids. 1-MCP did not influeced the change of fruit skin color. On the
basis of obtained results in this study, 1-MCP could be recommended as a potential tool to
delay ripening and enhance pear fruit quality during 60 days of cold storage
Uticaj primene vodenih ekstrakata na prinos u organskoj proizvodnji soje
Get PDFBiennial soya research was done in the surroundings of Bačka Topola. The field experiment was set by a replicate randomised complete block design. The goal was to determine the influence of aqueous plant extracts on soybean grain yield in an organic breeding system. A variance analasys was done and the central values between applied treatments were tested by a test of least significant differences. The applied treatment revealed a very significant influence. There were statistically significant differences between all variants. The yield was highest whilst a foliar application of a fermented nettle and common comfrey combination, which was performed in three repetitions that had time gaps of two weeks in between.Dvogodišnja istraživanja sa sojom, sprovedena su u okolini Bačke Topole. Poljski eksperimentalni ogled bio je postavljen po dizajnu slučajnog blok sistema. Cilj je bio da se utvrdi uticaj vodenih biljnih ekstarkata na prinos zrna soje u organskom sistemu gajenja. Urađena je analiza varijanse, a srednje vrednosti između primenjenih tretmana testirane su testom najmanje značajnih razlika. Primenjeni tretman ispoljio je statistički vrlo značajan uticaj. Između svih varijanti postojale su statistički zanačajne razlike. Najviši prinos ostvaren je kod folijarno primenjene kombinacija fermentisane korive i gaveza u tri navrata sa po dve nedelje razmaka između primena