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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Cedrus atlantica and Tetraclinis articulata Essential Oils Against Enterococcus faecalis and Three Streptococcus sp. Isolates for Endodontic Use: An in Vitro Study
No full textObjective
The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of three essential oils (EOs), two derived from Tetraclinis articulata and one from Cedrus atlantica, against selected endodontic pathogens including Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii.
Methods
The three EOs were extracted by means of hydrodistillation. The antibacterial activities expressed through Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBCs), were evaluated in the microdilution assay. The biofilm inhibition and the biofilm disruption were tested for T. articulata2 EO in crystal violet assay.
Results
The total yield of C. atlantica, T. articulata1 and T. articulata2 obtained was 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.45%, respectively. The MIC values of C. atlantica and T. articulata1 EOs were above 20 mg/mL, while the MIC values of T. articulata2 ranged from 4.78 ± 1.48 to 19.43 ± 5.48 mg/mL. Among the isolates, S. gordonii exhibited the highest sensitivity, while E. faecalis was the least sensitive. All tested concentrations (MIC/8–MIC) of T. articulata2EO successfully inhibited biofilm formation of the endodontopathogenic biofilms, with inhibition ranging from 34.91% to 78.90%. T. articulata2 EO also proved disruptive potential on pre-formed biofilm of S. sanguinis and S. mitis at all tested concentrations.
Conclusion
T. articulata2 proved promising antibacterial and antibiofilm potential which may be considered in dentistry
Development of Fully Elastic Sensor Based on Conductive Hydrogel for Mechanical Multi-Parameter Sensing
No full textThis paper presents the development of a fully elastic resistive-type sensor for mechanical multi-parameter sensing. A commercially available liquid conductive hydrogel was used for the sensor fabrication, while the casing was made of soft elastic silicone (Ecoflex). An additive 3-D technology was used to produce a necessary mould during fabrication. The fabricated sensor was tested for multi-parameter monitoring (the effects of stretching as the pressure is applied). Under the influence of these parameters, the sensor's resistance changes (i.e., the voltage on the sensor). The voltage changes were measured using an Arduino Uno microcontroller
Application of european PM2.5 land use regression model on Novi Sad municipality, Serbia
No full text9th WeBIOPATR Workshop & Conference: Particulate Matter: Research and Management : Abstracts of Keynote Invited Lectures and Contributed Papers; 28th November- 1st December, 2023; Belgrade, Serbia
Tailoring TiO2/TiN Bi-Layer Interfaces via Nitrogen Diffusion and Gold Functionalization for Advanced Photocatalysis
No full text100 nm thick TiO2/TiN bilayers with varying thickness ratios were deposited via reactive sputtering of a Ti target in controlled oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. Post-deposition annealing in air at 600 °C was performed to induce nitrogen diffusion through the oxygen-deficient TiO2 layer. The resulting changes in morphology and chemical environment were investigated in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Detailed TEM and XPS analyses have confirmed nitrogen diffusion across the TiO2 layer, with surface nitrogen concentration and the ratio of interstitial to substitutional nitrogen dependent on the TiO2/TiN mass ratio. Optical studies demonstrated modifications in optical constants and a reduction of the effective bandgap from 3.2 eV to 2.6 eV due to new energy states introduced by nitrogen doping. Changes in surface free energy induced by nitrogen incorporation showed a correlation to nitrogen doping sites on the surface, which had positive effects on overall photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic activity, assessed through methylene blue degradation, showed enhancement attributed to nitrogen doping. Additionally, deposition of a 5 nm gold layer on the annealed sample enabled investigation of synergistic effects between nitrogen doping and gold incorporation, resulting in further improved photocatalytic performance. These findings establish the TiO2/TiN bilayer as a versatile platform for supporting thin gold films with enhanced photocatalytic properties
Transboundary surface waters – radioactivity monitoring
No full textPraćenje radioaktivnosti u Republici Srbiji definisano je Zakonom o radijacionoj i nuklearnoj sigurnosti i bezbednosti ( Službeni glasnik RS , br. 95/2018 i 10/2019), zajedno sa nizom pravilnika, uključujući Pravilnik o utvrđivanju programa sistematskog ispitivanja radioaktivnosti u životnoj sredini ( Službeni glasnik RS , br. 100/2010) i Pravilnik o monitoringu radioaktivnosti ( Službeni glasnik RS , br. 97/2011). U skladu sa ovim propisima, u Srbiji se sprovodi redovno i sistematsko uzorkovanje različitih matriksa životne sredine, uključujući vazduh, padavine, zemljište, vegetaciju, namirnice, vodu za piće i površinske vode. Praćenje površinskih voda igra ključnu ulogu u sistemu radiološkog nadzora u Srbiji zbog geografskog položaja zemlje nizvodno od dve operativne nuklearne elektrane: Krško u Sloveniji i Pakš u Mađarskoj. U slučaju radiološkog incidenta, ova uzvodna postrojenja mogla bi uticati na glavne reke koje protiču kroz Srbiju, prvenstveno na sliv Save i Dunava. Program praćenja radioaktivnosti fokusira se na merenje koncentracija prirodnih radionuklida, kao i veštačkih poput Cs-137, Sr-90 i H-3. Nuklearni reaktori, zbog potrebe za stalnim hlađenjem, grade se u blizini velikih reka, jezera i mora. Usled rada nuklearnih elektrana i mogućeg ispuštanja efluenata, monitoring radioaktivnosti u prekograničkim površinskim vodama predstavlja neophodnost.Radioactivity monitoring in the Republic of Serbia is defined by the Law on Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security ("Official Gazette of RS", Nos. 95/2018 and 10/2019), along with several by-laws, including the Rulebook on the Program for Systematic Testing of Radioactivity in the Environment ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 100/2010) and the Rulebook on Radioactivity Monitoring ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 97/2011). In accordance with these regulations, regular and systematic sampling of various environmental matrices is carried out in Serbia, including air, precipitation, soil, vegetation, foodstuffs, drinking water, and surface waters. Monitoring of surface waters plays a key role in the radiological surveillance system in Serbia due to the country's geographic position downstream from two operational nuclear power plants: Krško in Slovenia and Paks in Hungary. In the event of a radiological incident, these upstream facilities could affect major rivers flowing through Serbia, primarily the Sava and Danube river basins. The radioactivity monitoring program focuses on measuring concentrations of natural radionuclides, as well as artificial ones such as Cs-137, Sr-90, and H-3. Due to the need for continuous cooling, nuclear reactors are typically built near large rivers, lakes, or seas. As a result of nuclear power plant operations and potential effluent discharges, radioactivity monitoring of transboundary surface waters is essential.Zbornik radova 33. simpozijuma DZZSCG [Društva za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore] : 1-3. oktobar 2025. godin
Activity concentration of 226Ra, 210Pb, 7Be and 40K in the samples of leaves and twigs of broadleaf trees in the city parks
No full textU ovom radu ispitivana je koncentracija aktivnosti 226Ra, 210Pb, 7Be i 40K u uzorcima lišća (n = 18) i grančica (n = 12) dve vrste širokolisnog drveća, kestena (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) i lipe (Tilia spp.) sakupljanim u proleće i jesen u tri gradska parka: Botanička bašta, Studentski park i Karađorđev park. Uzorci biljnih tkiva kestena i lipe grupisani su zajedno po vrsti i sezoni: lišće u proleće (LP) i jesen (LJ) i grančice u proleće (GP) i jesen (GJ). Ovaj rad se nastavlja na prethodnu studiju istih parkova koja je pokazala da se koncentracije aktivnosti pomenutih prirodnih radionuklida u zemljištu ne razlikuju od parka do parka zbog čega je bilo moguće ispitati odnose koncentracija aktivnosti samo u biljnim tkivima i to iste vrste uzoraka u različitim sezonama (LJ/LP, GJ/GP) i različitih uzoraka u istoj sezoni (LP/GP, LJ/GJ). Rezultati ispitivanja su pokazali da je 226Ra bio uskladišten u grančicama u proleće i do kraja vegetativnog perioda koncentracija aktivnosti je rasla tako da je u lišću u jesen dostignuta ravnoteža sa onom u grančicama. Koncentracija aktivnosti 210Pb bila je ≈ 2 puta veća u lišću nego u grančicama nezavisno od biljne vrste i sezone. Od proleća do jeseni primećen je porast koncentracija aktivnosti 7Be u listovima kestena i lipe (LJ/LP > 1) i, suprotno tome, u grančicama je primećen pad (GJ/GP 1), while in contrast a decrease was observed in twigs (GJ/GP < 1). As expected, the concentration of 40K activity in leaves and twigs decreased with plant tissue maturity, while it was ≈ 2 times higher in leaves than in twigs, regardless of plant species and season.XXXIII симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе] : 1-3. октобар 2025. године
Analysis of long-term measurements of ambient gamma dose equivalent rate in Požarevac during the period 2021–2025 and its relation with meteorological parameters
No full textU radu su prikazani rezultati višegodišnjeg merenja jačine ambijentalnog ekvivalenta doze H*(10) u Požarevcu u periodu 2021-2025. godine. Merenja su vršena pomoću nezavisne privatne merne stanice opremljenom uređajem za kontinualno merenje jačine doze gama zračenja u životnoj sredini GMC7, kao i automatskom meteorološkom stanicom, što omogućava analizu uticaja vremenskih uslova na varijacije jačine doze. Poseban akcenat stavljen je na pojavu kratkotrajnog povećanja jačine doze usled atmosferskih padavina, kada dolazi do spiranja radona i njegovih potomaka iz vazduha na tlo. Rezultati merenja za period 2023-2024. godine upoređeni su sa rezultatima za period 2021-2022. godine, sa ciljem identifikacije potencijalnih razlika u vrednosti jačine doze. Ovakva privatna merna stanica može predstavljati koristan dopunski izvor podataka u sistemu praćenja radiološke situacije u životnoj sredini.This paper presents the results of long-term measurements of ambient dose equivalent in Požarevac, obtained using an independent private monitoring station during the period from 2021 to 2025. The station is also equipped with an automatic meteorological system, enabling the analysis of dose rate variations caused by weather conditions. Special emphasis is placed on short-term increases in dose rate caused by atmospheric precipitation, during which radon and its progeny are washed out from the air to the ground. Characteristic cases of increased ambient dose equivalent caused by both natural and artificial sources are presented and analyzed. The results for the period 2023-2025 were compared with data from 2021-2022 in order to identify potential differences in ambient dose equivalent values over time. In addition to temporal trend analysis, the relation between dose measurements and relevant meteorological parameters was also examined. Such a privately operated monitoring station, if properly maintained and supported by adequate infrastructure, can serve as a valuable supplementary data source within the environmental radiological monitoring system.XXXIII симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе] : 1-3. октобар 2025. године
Određivanje debljine poluslabljenja (HVL) u mamografiji: uticaj veličine polja
No full textThe international guidelines for quality control and calibration procedures in mammography propose performing the HVL measurements in a scatter-free geometry, i.e. the narrow-field geometry. In this paper the HVL values for three different field sizes in four mammography radiation fields Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, W/Rh and W/Ag were determined using a ionization chamber. Measurements were performed for tube voltages of 25 kV, 28 kV, 30 kV and 35 kV. One field size corresponded to the most commonly used field size in clinical practice, having no additional collimation in the primary beam. The other two field sizes had additional lead frame placed on top of the compression paddle to collimate the primary beam. The results show differences in the HVL values calculated for different field sizes under the same radiation quality, which consequently can lead to the variating estimation of the mean glandular dose.Međunarodni dokumenti koji opisuju metodologije kontrole kvaliteta (QC) i kalibracionih procedura u mamografiji, podrazumevaju određivanje debljine poluslabljenja (HVL) u geometriji u kojoj nema rasejanog zračenja, tzv. ”narrow-field” geometriji. U ovom radu određene su vrednosti HVL koristeći jonizacionu komoru za tri veličine polja u 4 mamografska polja zračenja Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, W/Rh i W/Ag. Merenja su rađena za četiri napona rendgenske cevi 25 kV, 28 kV, 30 kV i 35 kV. Jedna veličina polja odgovarala je polju koje se najčešće sreće u kliničkoj praksi, bez dodatne kolimacije primarnog snopa zračenja. Druge dve veličine polja su imale dodatnu kolimaciju primarnog snopa zračenja u vidu olovnog rama koji je postavljen na kompresionu ploču. Rezultati ukazuju da postoje razlike u vrednostima HVL za različite veličina polja unutar istog kvaliteta zračenja, što za posledicu može dovesti do različitih procena srednje glandularne doze.XXXIII симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе] : 1-3. октобар 2025. године
External quality control of radiotherapy facilities in Serbia via postal dosimetry audit in the period from 2023 to 2024
No full textUčešće radioterapijskih centara u programu poštanske dozimetrije, predstavlja značajnu metodu provere isporučene apsorbovane doze u teleterapijskim procedurama putem eksterne kontrole kvaliteta. Program poštanske dozimetrije organizuje i sprovodi Međunarodna agencija za atomsku energiju (MAAE) posredstvom mreže sekundarnih standardnih dozimetrijskih laboratorija. Eksterna kontrola kvaliteta se sprovodi ozračivanjem uzoraka radiofotoluminiscentnih dozimetara na zadatu vrednost apsorbovane doze u radioterapijskim centrima, pri čemu se dozimetri potom očitavaju u laboratoriji MAAE. Laboratorija za zaštitu od zračenja i zaštitu životne sredine, Instituta za nuklearne nauke Vinča, je u periodu od 2023. do 2024. godine vršila distribuciju i sakupljanje dozimetara korišćenih za eksternu kontrolu kvaliteta na nacionalnom nivou.Participation in the postal dosimetry programme presents an important method of absorbed dose evaluation in teletherapy procedures as a means of external quality control. Postal dosimetry program is organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with the assistance of Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) network. External quality control is done by irradiation of radiophotoluminescent dosimeter samples with the predefined absorbed dose value, while the dose readout is done in the IAEA laboratory. Department for radiation and environmental protection of Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences has done the distribution and collection of radiophotoluminescent dosimeters used for external quality control on the national level.XXXIII симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе] : 1-3. октобар 2025. године
Breaking Down Lignin: A Macromolecule's Path to the Nanoscale
No full textLignin, an underutilized by-product of the processing of lignocellulosic biomass, represents a promising opportunity for the development of high-value nanomaterials. Unlike cellulose and hemicellulose, which are widely used in industry, the complex and heterogeneous structure of lignin has hindered its utilization on a large scale. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the transformation of lignin into functional nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. This article explores the latest developments in lignin-based nanomaterials (NanoLGs), which is divided into lignin-based nanomaterials (LBNMs), lignin-derived nanomaterials, and nanohybrid LBNM materials. Each of the mentioned groups has its own attractive features and possible applications that can be competitive with traditional nanomaterials. The main advantages of NanoLGs are sustainability, biocompatibility, tunable functionality, and potential for diverse applications in environmental remediation, energy storage, biomedical devices, and advanced materials. Future research needs to focus on refining synthesis techniques, improving material performance, and integrating sustainability aspects. NanoLGs have the potential to replace fossil-based materials and pave the way for a greener, more sustainable future