Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences
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Photo-, piezo- and pyrocatalytic potential of BiFeO3on natural 3D substrates in water treatment
No full textThis study investigates bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) composites supported on natural 3D substrates – diatomaceous earth and cuttlebone, for water treatment applications. Composites were synthesized by a chemical solution method and tested as photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue in water solutions under UV–Vis and visible light. The potential to degrade organic molecules by ultrasound and temperature change, using the piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of BiFeO3, was also tested. Structural studies showed a good formation of the perovskite BiFeO3phase at the diatomaceous earth support and a mixture of BiFeO3and impurity phases on the calcite microparticles in the case of the cuttlebone support. The composites of BiFeO3with diatomaceous earth exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic properties compared to separate phases and improved adsorption, especially in the presence of H2O2. Under optimized conditions (pH 3 and with H2O2), the methylene-blue decolorization by the composite of BiFeO3and diatomaceous earth was comparable to commercially available ZnO and P25 TiO2photocatalysis standard nanopowders and even slightly better under visible light. The degradation mechanism primarily involved hydroxyl radicals as the most active oxidative species. Bismuth ferrite powder exhibited a noticeable dye degradation under ultrasound and weak degradation under heating. BF-DE composite retained a very weak piezocatalytic and pyrocatalytic effects, and they were absent in BF-CB composite. The results highlight the potential of natural 3D substrates to improve the performance of semiconductors in environmentally friendly photocatalytic tertiary water treatments
COMSOL Modelling of Chromium(VI) Adsorption on Citric Acid Functionalized Chitosan Hydrogel Beads
No full textThe COMSOL Multiphysics is a software tool with a graphical user interface (GUI) for modeling and solving partial differential equations using the Finite element method (FEM) together with adaptive meshing and error control using a variety of numerical solvers. To predict the breakthrough curves for Cr(VI) adsorption in a continuous fixed-bed column packed with citric acid functionalized chitosan hydrogel beads (CA-GLA-CHB) as adsorbent, the axially dispersed plug flow model described by the Advection-Dispersion-Reaction (ADR) equation was implemented and solved numerically by COMSOL Multiphysics software. The validity of the proposed mathematical model under different operating conditions was evaluated by comparing the experimental breakthrough profiles with those simulated by the software. Using the software, the column geometry, material properties characterized by diffusion, porosity, adsorption capacity and flow rate were defined. The equilibrium adsorption data obtained by batch experiments described by Langmuir isotherm were incorporated in calculations. Based on the experimental values, it was obtained that the value of the axial dispersion coefficient, Dz, has a significant impact on the shape of simulated Cr(VI) breakthrough profiles. The breakthrough curves based on the Rastegar-Gu correlation and the fitted Dz values showed higher R2 values, in the range of 0.961 – 0.993 and 0.975 – 0.994, respectively, and the predicted breakthrough time and exhaustion time were much closer to the experimental values compared to the breakthrough curves based on the Dz value calculated from the Chung-Wen correlation. Therefore, the proposed mathematical model based on either Rastegar-Gu correlation or the fitted values of Dz can be used to accurately predict the concentration profiles of Cr(VI) ions at the outlet of a fixed-bed column using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The ultimate goal of this work is to confirm the correctness of the COMSOL calculations for future application in large-scale fixed column wastewater treatment systems.Materials, Methods & Technologies : 27th International Conference; 14-17 August 2025; Burgas, Bulgaria
The VIDIS low-cost sensor network development: implementation in the city of Novi Sad
No full text9th WeBIOPATR Workshop & Conference: Particulate Matter: Research and Management : Abstracts of Keynote Invited Lectures and Contributed Papers; 28th November- 1st December, 2023; Belgrade, Serbia
In vitro hemocompatibility and antioxidative activity of quercetin
No full textConsumption of plant polyphenols has been reported to confer a variety of health benefits, including reduced cancer risk and coronary heart disease mortality. Oxidative damage is associated with the pathological development in the cardiovascular system, and flavonoids, a class of polyphenolics, are known to have antioxidant activity against a range of free radicals. Quercetin (Q) is a flavonoid that is commonly found in vegetables and plants. It can be used in co-treatment and as a supplement in many diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, liver fibrosis, and kidney failure. Erythrocytes are frequently used as a biological model to assess the hemolytic, anti-hemolytic, and antioxidant potential of various compounds because their membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, making them highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Furthermore, erythrocytes are the first targets of free radical attack due to their potential to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the redox reactions of hemoglobin associated with oxygen transfer. In the present case, the in vitro hemolytic activity of quercetin was evaluated on human red blood cells (RBC). Antioxidant activity of quercetin was measured by neutralizing DPPH and ABTS radicals. Quercetin showed hemocompatibility at concentrations below 80 μg/mL, whereas acceptable hemolysis limits are less than 3.9%. The highest concentration (500 μg/mL) treatment caused 8.3% hemolysis. In both antioxidant DPPH and ABTS assays, IC50 values were 0.598 μg/mL and 0.415 μg/mL, respectively. The results of this study indicated that hemocompatibility was attributed to quercetin's antioxidant status, which protected erythrocytes from oxidative damage and hemolysis.5th International Student Conference – DISC2025, 11-12th December 2025, Novi Sad
The role of the IAEA in strengthening global preparedness and response to nuclear and radiological emergencies
No full textStrengthening global readiness and response capabilities in the face of nuclear and radiological emergencies is fundamental to the enforcement of international standards of nuclear safety and security. The Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) acts as the operational core of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), offering round-the-clock coordination for information sharing, verification, alert notifications, and coordination of international aid. Through organizations including the Response and Assistance Network (RANET), the International Radiation Monitoring Information System (IRMIS), the Unified System for Information Exchange in Incidents and Emergencies (USIE) the IAEA ensures that Member States can access reliable information and expert technical support in a timely manner. Taken together, these systems promote situational awareness, collaboration with national authorities, and increased global preparedness and response capacity for nuclear and radiological emergencies. This paper highlights the essential role of the IAEA in strengthening and improving coordinated international response capabilities to nuclear and radiological emergencies5th International Student Conference – DISC2025, 11-12th December 2025, Novi Sad
Analiza atmosferske disperzije zagađujućih materija iz industrijskih izvora u urbanim sredinama
No full textPrirodna pojava atmosferske disperzije, odnosno proces razblaživanja i rasprostiranja zagađujućih materija u atmosferi, od ključnog je značaja za dalje upravljanje kvalitetom vazduha. Međutim, zbog stohastičke prirode atmosfere i njene podložnosti promenama usled uticaja faktora kao što su vetar, temperatura, vlažnost i turbulencije, predviđanje ovog procesa predstavlja izazov. Konfiguracija urbanih područja, okruženja koja odlikuju gustom naseljenošću, višespratnim zgradama i specifičnom topografijom, dodatno komplikuje ovaj proces. Uz određena pojednostavljenja, razvoj brojnih matematičkih i fizičkih modela je doprineo smanjenju ove nepredvidivosti i obezbedio adekvatne smernice za kontrolu zagađenja. U ovom radu su predstavljenja tri modela atmosferske disperzije – AERMOD (American Meteorological Society and Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model), CALPUFF (California Puff Model) i ADMS (Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System), sa posebnim osvrtom na principe na kojima se zasnivaju, ulazne parametre koje zahtevaju, kao i njihove prednosti i ograničenja.12. memorijalni naučni skup iz zaštite životne sredine "Docent dr Milena Dalmacija" : 01. - 03. 04. 2025, Novi Sad
Antropogeni radionuklidi u zemljištu i biomaterijalu šumskog ekosistema nacionalni park Kopaonik
No full textRad je fokusiran na ispitivanje sadržaja aktivnosti najznačajnijih antropogenih radionuklida: Sr-90 i Cs-137 u zemljištu, granama smrče sa četinarima, lišajevima i mahovinama sa područja Nacionalnog parka Kopaonik u Republici Srbiji. Kvantifikacija navedenih radionuklida je izvršena metodama nuklearne tehnike: beta spektrometrijom pomoću niskofonskog gasnog proporcionalnog brojača i gama spektrometrijom pomoću poluprovodničkog HPGe detektora. Analiza uzoraka je sprovedena u skladu sa standardom SRPS ISO/IEC 17025.2017. Kontrola stanja i procena uticaja perzistentnih zagađujućih supstanci predstavlja preventivnu meru zaštite životne sredine, koja se zasniva na izvođenju studija kakva je i sprovedena studija.12. memorijalni naučni skup iz zaštite životne sredine "Docent dr Milena Dalmacija" : 01. - 03. 04. 2025, Novi Sad
Intergranular capacitance of sintered BaFe12O19 doped with TiO2 in the very low frequency region
No full textA powder of BaFe12O19 composition (barium hexaferrite) was prepared by using the respective mixture of metal oxides and performing a solid-state reaction at 1000 °C/4h in air. The obtained barium hexaferrite powder was milled for a prolonged time in the planetary ball mill and agate mill to achieve submicron powder. The BaFe12O19 submicron powder was mixed with TiO2nanopowder as a dopant. The prepared powder mixture was characterized by using XRD and SEM techniques. After that, the barium hexaferrite powder mixture was pressed into thin and small diameter size disk-shaped samples and sintered at different sintering profiles from 1050°C to 1275°C/2h to 6h. The sintered samples were also characterized by using XRD and SEM. The main electrical properties such as capacitance (intergranular) and bulk resistance R at 1Hz to 100 Hz were measured at room temperature. The dielectric permittivity was calculated from the equivalent scheme of disk capacitor. The obtained results were used for observing space charge relaxation effects and development of multilayer capacitor forenergy storage device
Maximum Cesium-137 specific activities in the air: former Yugoslavia 2008–2023
No full textFisioni produkt cezijum-137 važan je pokazatelj radioaktivnog zagađenja životne sredine. U ovom radu, posmatrani su maksimumi u vremenskim serijama specifične aktivnosti ovog radionuklida od juna 2008. do decembra 2023. godine na sedam lokacija u regionu Bivše Jugoslavije: Beograd (Srbija), Zagreb (Hrvatska), Ljubljana i Krško (Slovenija), Podgorica (Crna Gora), Skoplje i Bitolj (Severna Makedonija). Na svakoj lokaciji, za merenja iznad minimalne detektibilne aktivnosti, određena je vrednost 90-og percentila, a potom i “maksimumi” kao vrednosti veće od tog percentila. Maksimumi specifične aktivnosti cezijuma-137 uglavnom se javljaju tokom hladnih meseci (novembar–februar) kao posledica zagađenja koje raste u sezoni grejanja i sa specifičnim meteorološkim uslovima. Ipak, na svim lokacijama osim Ljubljane, uočen je bar po jedan maksimum u periodu april–septembar. Takva dva maksimuma, u avgustu 2013. i avgustu 2022. godine, poklapaju se sa prisustvom pustinjskog peska u vazduhu nad ovim regionom.The fission product cesium-137 is an important indicator of radioactive contamination in the environment. Our study looks into the maxima in this radionuclide’s specific activity time series at seven locations in the Former Yugoslavia region: Belgrade (Serbia), Zagreb (Croatia), Ljubljana and Krško (Slovenia), Podgorica (Montenegro), Skopje and Bitola (North Macedonia), between June 2008 and December 2023. At each location, the 90th percentile is determined for measurements above the minimum detectable activity, and then the "maxima" defined as values greater than this percentile. The maxima in the cesium-137 specific activity mostly occur during the colder months (November–February) as a result of pollution that increases during the heating season and with specific meteorological conditions. However, at all locations except Ljubljana, at least one maximum was observed over April–September. Two of those maxima, in August 2013 and August 2022, coincided with the presence of desert dust in the air over this region.Zbornik radova 33. simpozijuma DZZSCG [Društva za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore] : 1-3. oktobar 2025. godin
Radioactive waste disposal
No full textNuklearna energija se sve češće ističe kao ključna komponenta energetske tranzicije ka niskougljeničnoj budućnosti, jer omogućava veliku proizvodnju električne energije bez emisije gasova sa efektom staklene bašte. Međutim, proizvodnja električne energije u nuklearnim elektranama generiše i radioaktivni otpad, čije pravilno upravljanje predstavlja jedan od ključnih izazova nuklearne energetike. Posebnu pažnju iziskuje visokoaktivni otpad, koji sadrži dugovečne radionuklide i proizvodi znatnu količinu toplote. U ovom radu dat je pregled postojećih tehnologija za trajno zbrinjavanje radioaktivnog otpada, sa posebnim osvrtom na međunarodne prakse i savremena rešenja koja obezbeđuju dugoročnu bezbednost i zaštitu životne sredine. Pored tehnoloških aspekata, razmatrane su i ekonomske, institucionalne i društvene prepreke koje ograničavaju primenu pojedinih strategija, kao i potencijal za razvoj multinacionalnih odlagališta kao održivog rešenja za zemlje koje nemaju sopstvene kapacitete.Nuclear energy is increasingly being highlighted as a key component of the energy transition toward a low-carbon future, as it enables large-scale electricity production without greenhouse gas emissions. However, electricity generation in nuclear power plants also produces radioactive waste, the proper management of which represents one of the main challenges of nuclear energy. Particular attention is required for high-level waste, which contains long-lived radionuclides and generates significant amounts of heat. This manuscript provides an overview of existing technologies for the permanent disposal of radioactive waste, with a special focus on international practices and modern solutions that ensure long-term safety and environmental protection. In addition to technological aspects, the paper also examines economic, institutional, and social barriers that limit the implementation of certain strategies, as well as the potential for developing multinational disposal facilities as a sustainable solution for countries without their own capacities.XXXIII симпозијум ДЗЗСЦГ [Друштва за заштиту од зрачења Србије и Црне Горе] : 1-3. октобар 2025. године