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Altermagnets or weak ferromagnets: the curious cases of 2D fluorides
No full textThe spin group formalism classifies collinear magnets as altermagnets when opposite-spin sublattices are connected by rotational symmetry, requiring decoupled spin and lattice symmetries—a condition violated under strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This is particularly relevant in 2D magnets, where SOC stabilizes magnetic order via magnetic anisotropy. Here, we study 2D fluorides (VF4, RuF4, OsF4) and demonstrate their non-relativistic altermagnetic nature, with spin splittings up to 200 meV. However, SOC induces spin canting, transforming these systems into weak ferromagnets, with the degree of canting governed by the competition between Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and single-ion anisotropy. Our work uncovers a fundamental link between altermagnetism and weak ferromagnetism mediated by SOC, highlighting the need to reevaluate spin-orbit effects in altermagnetic materials, especially those with heavy elements.Psi-k conference : 7th general conference; August 25-28, 2025; Lausanne, Switzerland
Effects of Heat Flux and Ignition Type on the Combustion of Live Pinus nigra Branches
No full textThis study investigates the influence of ignition type (piloted and unassisted) and heat flux levels on the combustion behaviour and gas products emissions of live Pinus nigra terminal branches. Samples were exposed to three heat flux levels (50, 60, and 70 kW/m2) using an adapted mass loss calorimeter coupled with an FTIR gas analyzer to simultaneously monitor flammability parameters and combustion product concentrations in real time. Results demonstrated that piloted ignition significantly reduced ignition times and enhanced heat release rates compared to unassisted ignition, particularly at lower heat fluxes. However, at 70 kW/m2, differences between ignition types diminished, indicating that higher incident radiant energy alone was sufficient to initiate flaming combustion. Combustion product analysis revealed that CO2, NO, CH4, and C2H4 concentrations followed heat release rate trends. During piloted ignition, higher concentrations of CO2 and NO and lower emissions of CO and CH4 were observed compared to unassisted ignition. Principal Component Analysis showed the combined effect of heat flux and ignition type on combustion efficiency and gas composition. These findings highlight the importance of ignition mechanisms in understanding vegetation flammability, providing valuable data for wildfire behaviour modeling and fire safety assessments
Quantum materials: Fundamental phenomena, experimental insights, and emerging technological applications
No full textQuantum materials have emerged at the forefront of contemporary research in solid-state chemistry, physics, and materials science, owing to their unique properties rooted in quantum mechanical phenomena such as coherence, entanglement, and topological protection. This diverse class of materials has immense potential to drive a new technological revolution, with applications ranging from quantum computing and sensing to energy harvesting and spintronics. This review offers a concise summary of the fundamental quantum effects that define these materials, highlights key experimental techniques used for their characterization, and discusses their potential for usage in next-generation technologies. Despite significant advances, notable challenges persist in the synthesis, theoretical modeling, and integration of quantum materials into functional devices. Future research holds a promise for new discoveries, paving the way for novel applications and a deeper understanding of the quantum nature of matter
Улога ИНТЕРПОЛА у борби против ХБН тероризма
No full textTerrorist incidents involving CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) substances have long posed a significant threat to international security, offering a potent means for terrorists to cause large-scale casualties and lasting psychological, socioeconomic, and political impacts with relatively limited resources. This review paper aims to elucidate the role of INTERPOL in preventing the realization and escalation of CBRN-related terrorism. While some CBRN attacks have been successfully prevented, others have reached their targets, and many remain ongoing threats. This paper highlights INTERPOL’s essential contributions to counter-CBRN terrorism and outlines its broader counterterrorism strategy, emphasizing its collaboration with the United Nations (UN) and member countries in line with global counter-terrorism frameworks such as the INTERPOL Counter-Terrorism Strategy the United Nations Secretary-General’s 2018 Agenda for Disarmament, and the UN Security Council Resolution 1540.Терористички инциденти који укључују ХБН (хемијске, биолошке, радиолошке и нукле-
арне) супстанце дуГо представљају значајну претњу међународној безбедности, нудећи моћно
средство терористима да изазову велике жртве и трајне психолошке, социоекономске и политичке
последице са релативно оГраниченим ресурсима. Овај преГледни рад има за циљ да разјасни
улоГу Интерпола у спречавању реализације и ескалације тероризма повезаноГ са ХБН оружјем.
Док су неки ХБН напади успешно спречени, друГи су достиГли своје циљеве, а мноГи остају сталне
претње. Овај рад истиче суштински допринос Интерпола борби против ХБН тероризма и описује
њеГову ширу стратеГију борбе против тероризма, наГлашавајући њеГову сарадњу са Уједињеним
нацијама (УН) и земљама чланицама у складу са Глобалним оквирима за борбу против терори-
зма као што су СтратеГија Интерпола за борбу против тероризма, АГенда ГенералноГ секретара
Уједињених нација за разоружање из 2018. Године и Резолуција 1540 Савета безбедности УН
Elektrolitičko izdvajanje vodonika na hidrotermalno sintetisanom molibden-disulfidu modifikovanom ozračivanjem jonskim snopovima srednjih energija i mehanohemijskim postupkom
No full textU cilju smanjenja emisije gasova staklene bašte i upotrebe obnovljivih izvora energije, potrebno je razviti efikasne katalizatore za elektrohemijsku reakciju izdvajanja vodonika, koji ne sadrže plemenite metale. Molibden-disulfid je povoljan materijal usled visoke katalitičke aktivnosti, niske cene i slojevite strukture koja obezbeđuje veliki broj ivica i defekata koji služe kao aktivna mesta. Međutim glavni nedostatak je slaba električna provodljivost i katalitički inertna bazalna ravan. Kako bi se poboljšala katalitička svojstava, hidrotermalno sintetisani molibden-disulfid modifikovan je ozračivanjem jonskim snopovima i mehanohemijskim postupkom. Ispitan je uticaj vrste jona, energije i fluensa na promene u katalitičkoj aktivnosti materijala. Rezultati su pokazali da modifikacija jonskim snopovima poboljšava katalitičku aktivnost, balansirajući količinu defekata i provodljivost. Takođe, i mehanohemijska modifikacija je izazvala promene u fizičkohemijskim svojstvima koje su dovele do povećanja katalitičke aktivnosti. Osim toga omogućena je i jednostavna primena kompozita sa različitim materijalima. Rezultati su pokazali da dodatak nanopločica bizmut-selenida, koji kao topološki izolator pokazuje površinsku provodljivost, dovodi do smanjenja otpornosti pri prenosu naelektrisanja i povećanja katalitičke aktivnosti materijala, dok dodatak grafen-oksida nije imao značajan efekat usled njegove amorfizacije.12. memorijalni naučni skup iz zaštite životne sredine "Docent dr Milena Dalmacija" : 01. - 03. 04. 2025, Novi Sad
Use of unconventional solvents for sample preparation in environmental analysis
No full textSample preparation is still considered the bottleneck of the entire analysis process and cannot be completely avoided. There are many new approaches for pretreatment of complex environmental matrices. Conventional solvents are still used in laboratory practice but are increasingly being replaced by environmentally friendly solvents. Remarkable progress has been made in the field of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Both ILs and DES have the potential to be environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional solvents as designer solvents. The second environmentally friendly option after the “no solvent” scenario is the use of water, the safest and most abundant molecule on the earth's surface, which is ecologically safe and non-toxic. By carefully tuning temperature and pressure, its physicochemical properties change significantly, increasing its solvent potential and selectivity for the extraction of compounds in a wide polarity range. Supercritical fluids (SCF) and especially CO2 are attractive unconventional solvents with excellent solvent properties and an alternative to replace hazardous organic solvents. Due to their lower cost, reusability and environmental friendliness, both water and carbon dioxide are a good choice for sample preparation of environmental matrices in terms of sustainable chemistry and economy. In this chapter, the chemical fundamentals of different classes of unconventional solvents for sample preparation are presented and discussed. Numerous applications of ILs, DESs, SCW and SCFs as more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional organic solvents in various environmental matrices offer a variety of solutions and at the same time pose a challenge to numerous environmental problems
PLD-grown thin films of STO on silicon photocathodes for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction
No full textStrontium titanate (STO) thin films epitaxially grown on silicon (Si) substrates act as both protective and electroactive layers in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. To investi- gate the influence of crystallinity and interface quality on hydrogen evolution reaction, ~10 nm-thick STO films were deposited via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto bare and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-buffered Si substrates. The integration STO with Si was facilitated using SrO-assisted deoxidation and precise control the Si surface coverage with spin-coating of one to three graphene oxide layers (~50 - 100 % surface coverage). The STO films were grown at 515 and 700 °C, and characterized by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). AFM and XRR revealed smoother morphology and lower roughness for STO films grown on rGO-buffered Si. XRD showed that films grown at 700 °C developed a textured structure on both substrate types, while those grown at 515 °C on SrO/rGO-treated Si exhibited high crystallinity with strong (002) out-of-plane orientation. These results were supported by RHEED, which showed sharp streaks indicative the improved structural order on rGO-buffered substrates. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the epitaxial STO/rGO photocathodes had superior performance compared to non-epitaxial ones, with a lower onset potential (0.24 V vs. RHE) and a much higher photocurrent density (-28.78 mA cm-2 ), with improved long-term stability as confirmed by chronoamperometry (CA). In contrast, non-epitaxial samples and those with silicate/silicide interfacial layers, particularly at 700 °C, exhibited reduced activity and stability, as shown by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These results highlight the critical role of interfacial design, crystalline orientation, and growth temperature in optimizing PEC performance.Twenty-sixth annual conference on material science (YUCOMAT 2025), Herceg Novi, Montenegro, 1-5 September 2025
Food irradiation – perspectives, challenges and questions
No full textApplication of the irradiation process in the food technology is recognized as a significant factor for achievement of the food safety in the chains of the distribution and general consumption. This position is based on the numerous scientific and research studies which confirmed benefits and uniqueness of the treatment with ionizing radiation, as well as the limits of usage. Last decade and post corona period are characterized with increased global demands for safe food in all segments of the industry due to higher awareness of the consumers regarding quality and safety of the food on the market. Technological innovations such as electron beam and X-Ray sources improved the ways for the facilities to fulfil obligatory safety standards and reduce their operational costs. Irradiation services is now more accessible to the food producers easing its inclusion in the food technology process. Beside that, needs for the establishing sustainable agricultural development and reducing quantity of the waste containing non consumed food, indicate some new applications and perspectives of the irradiation process
GO-based nanocomposites with WPA and PTCDA for application in electrochemical supercapacitors
No full textGraphene oxide (GO) based nanocomposites, modified with 15 wt.% 12-tungstophosphoric acid and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, were investigated in this study to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 1, 4, 8, and 12 hours on their potential for electrochemical energy storage. Structural and chemical changes were examined using FTIR, XPS, XRD, and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), while morphological characte- ristics were studied via SEM and TEM. Prior HTT treatment, the FTIR revealed bands of major oxygen groups of GO and confirmed the incorporation of component incorporation. The XPS method has shown a reduction of oxygen-containing groups after HTT, with epoxides being dominantly removed. XRD showed changes in crystallinity and interlayer spacing. TPD method, beside desorption profiles of pristine GO and WPA, revealed significant increase of desorbed groups after HTT and corresponding changes in the TPD spectra. SEM analysis showed transformation of GO layered morphology into hierachically ordered porous structure after HTT. PTCDA was observed both on and within the GO and GO/WPA matrix, thus increasing microstructural complexity. TEM imaging revealed integration of PTCDA into GO matrix on the nanoscale, probably via π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding, while WPA formed nanostructured deposits on edges and basal plane of GO. After 8 hours of HTT, hierarchical structuring of the nanocomposites was evident and corresponded with improved electrochemical performance. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the highest specific capacitance of ~300 F/g for GO/PTCDA, attributed to enhanced surface functionality and morphostructural features. These findings support the further development of rational design of GO-based materials for advanced supercapacitor applications.Twenty-sixth annual conference on material science (YUCOMAT 2025), Herceg Novi, Montenegro, 1-5 September 2025
The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Structure, Crystal-Field Strength, and Emission Properties of Neat and Ni2+-Activated KMgF3
No full textTo understand excellent emission and sensitivity for hydrostatic pressure luminescent ions host material, the first principles calculations carried out within density functional theory (DFT) framework are performed to clarify the electronic structure of neat and doped with Ni2+ ions KMgF3 single crystals. The results of band structure calculations show that F2p states are the principal contributors to the KMgF3 valence band, mainly in its upper and central parts, while in the energy band gap of the KMgF3:Ni2+ phosphor, new electronic states associated with the Ni2+ 3d-orbitals are formed. Furthermore, the zero phonon line (ZPL) spin-forbidden transition emission energies, (3A2⇄1E) ZPL, (3A2⇄3T2) ZPL, strength of the octahedral crystal field, 10Dq (3A2→3T2)ZPL, are calculated for the KMgF3:Ni2+ phosphor. Any changes of the Em(3A2⇄1E)ZPL transition energy of the KMgF3:Ni2+ phosphor with pressure increasing from 0 to 20 GPa are not detected, while the crystal-field strength increases linearly with increasing pressure. Present results bring a foresight tool for predicting physicochemical properties of undoped and doped wide-gap fluorides; KMgF3:Ni2+, without any toxic/harmful or expensive rare-earth can be effectively used as an optical manometer in 0–20 GPa, which covers the almost whole pressure range available at present in Diamond anvil cell experiments. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH