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A linear collider vision for the future of particle physics
No full textIn this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear e+e− colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology that is mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much higher energies and/or luminosities. In addition, we discuss detectors, alternative collider modes, as well as opportunities for beyond-collider experiments and R&D facilities as part of a linear collider facility (LCF). The material of this paper supports all plans for e+e− linear colliders and the additional opportunities they offer, independently of technology choice or proposed site, as well as R&D for advanced accelerator technologies. This joint perspective on the physics goals, early technologies and upgrade strategies has been developed by the LCVision team based on an initial discussion at LCWS2024 in Tokyo and a follow-up at the LCVision Community Event at CERN in January 2025. It heavily builds on decades of achievements of the global linear collider community, in particular in the context of CLIC and ILC
La-Dy2O3/MWCNT: Vacancy-Engineered Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Metol in Environmental and Biofluid Samples
No full textThisworkdescribes the fabricationof anelectrochemical sensor constructed upon La-dopedDy2O3 andmultiwalledcarbonnanotube (MWCNT) composite for the sensitive andselectivedetectionofN-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate(metol, MTL), a representative aromaticpollutant of environmental and toxicological relevance. TheLa-Dy2O3/MWCNTnanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and the structural, morphological, and compositional propertieswere systematically investigated through scanning electronmicroscopy−energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), attenuated total reflectionFourier-transform infraredspectroscopy(ATR-FTIR), andX-raypowderdiffraction (XRPD).Electrochemical evaluationbycyclicvoltammetry(CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the superior electrocatalytic performanceof thecomposite-modifiedglassycarbonelectrode(GCE), arisingfromthesynergisticeffectsofLa3+dopingandthe highelectrical conductivityof theMWCNTnetwork. Periodicdensity functional theory(DFT)calculationswereemployed to investigatedopant-inducedmodifications inthebulkelectronic structure,whilemolecularDFTprovided insight intothe redox behaviorofMTLunderlyingtheobservedelectrochemical response.Thesensorexhibitedawide linear responserange(0.3−220 μM), a lowdetection limitof 0.1μM, andhighsensitivity(0.387μAμM−1 cm−2),withkineticanalyses indicatingadiffusioncontrolled,proton-coupledelectrontransfermechanismandoptimalperformanceatpH7.0.Furthermore, thesensordemonstrated excellentreproducibility(RSD=3.06%),repeatability(RSD=3.35%),andoperationalstabilityover15days,alongwithstrongantiinterferencecapabilityandhighrecoveryvalues incomplexmatrices, includingtapwater, riverwater, artificialurine, andhuman serum,without theneedforpretreatmentorsophisticatedinstrumentation,highlightingitspotentialasareliable,field-deployable, andcost-effectiveplatformforenvironmental andclinicalmonitoringofelectroactivearomaticcontaminants
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a new frontier in cellular protection for type 2 diabetes
No full textDiabetes mellitus is one of the biggest public health issues of modern society, with a constant increase in prevalence. It is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and impaired insulin signaling, leading to redox imbalance and, consequently, blood vessel dysfunction. One of the key factors in the regulation of vascular tone and contractility is the sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase), whose reduced expression and altered activity contribute to the development of vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Impaired redox balance and increased production of reactive oxygen species, which directly affect Na+/K+-ATPase activity, also affect the telomere-telomerase system, leading to telomere shortening, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used to treat ischemic lesions and vascular complications of diabetes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on Na+/K+-ATPase and telomere length in T2D patients remain incompletely elucidated
Post-Exercise Cardiac Recovery as a Multiscale Dynamical Process
No full textNonlinear dynamics and chaos-based signal analysis provide a powerful framework for probing physiological regulation beyond conventional linear descriptors. In particular, post-exercise recovery represents a controlled, reproducible dynamical transition through which the adaptability and coupling of cardiovascular and autonomic subsystems can be examined. We investigate recovery dynamics using multifractal spectra (MFS) of simultaneously recorded multimodal cardiovascular signals—electrocardiography (ECG), photoplethysmography (PPG), seismocardiography (SCG), and phonocardiography (PCG)—as illustrated in Fig. 1. Thirty-second recordings from 28 healthy volunteers, acquired at rest and during post-exercise recovery from the SensSmartTech database, were analyzed. MFS features were extracted to characterize scale-dependent fluctuations arising from nonlinear interactions across modalities. To assess the discriminative power of these features, 5 supervised learning algorithms—Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine with RBF kernel, kNearest Neighbours, Decision Tree, and Random Forest—were employed to classify recovery states. Two complementary feature sets were evaluated with a target to classify subjects into three groups defined by the speed of recovery: Fchange, capturing long-term dynamical adaptation between resting and post-exercise states, and Fhalf, quantifying recovery at a standardized half-recovery time. Our results demonstrate a reliable classification using a compact set of MFS features, even with limited data duration, and a clear benefit from inclusion of nonlinear interactions. They indicates that the postexercise recovery is governed by coupled, multiscale processes spanning multiple physiological subsystems. The integration of multifractal analysis with multimodal sensing thus provides robust, physically interpretable markers of reco19th Photonics Workshop, (International Conference), Kopaonik, March 08-12, 2026
A novel Ag-Bi-S-I chalco-halide nanomaterial for photovoltaic applications
No full textPerovskite-like lead-free semiconductors are an emerging class of materials, primarily investigated for photovoltaic (PV) applications, as lead-based perovskites, despite their high efficiencies, suffer from toxicity and instability when exposed to oxygen and moisture. Among these materials, multi-anion structures known as chalco-halides (CH) are particularly promising due to optimal band gap values (~1.6 eV) and defect-tolerant structure, fundamental parameters for efficient light energy harvesting. Chalco-halide materials can be classified into several groups based on the type of metal cation: transition-metal CH, heavy pnictogen CH, mixed-metal CH, and organic-inorganic CH [1]. While many of these materials have been synthesized and tested in PV devices, others remain theoretically predicted. Here, we report the fabrication of Ag-Bi-S-I chalco-halide nanoparticles via a novel synthesis approach. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation X-ray aerosol photoelectron spectroscopy (XASP) was employed to investigate the valence and core level electronic structure. The results are compared with the results of the electronic structure of chalcogenide AgBiS2 and a previously reported halide Ag-Bi-I system [2].19th Photonics Workshop, (International Conference), Kopaonik, March 08-12, 2026
Research on the mechanism and energy efficiency of deep peak shaving in power station boilers
No full textThe current low deep peak shaving capacity at power plants constrains the large-scale grid integration and utilization of renewable energy, due to the insufficient understanding of mechanisms of peak shaving. This study conducts a quantitative analysis of three key parameters: combustion stability, NOx emissions, and thermal efficiency, to examine the peak-shaving mechanism. It proposes a mechanism-based evaluation method for assessing the peak shaving capacity. The performance of boilers equipped with self-sustaining internal combustion (SSIC) burners and rich-lean burners under deep peak shaving conditions is evaluated from a mechanistic perspective. First, the critical velocity and temperature fluctuation coefficients are proposed based on flame detection analysis to characterize combustion stability. Second, NOx formation pathways are elucidated through flue gas composition analysis, with initial NOx emissions serving as an indicator for evaluating the pollutant generation capacity. Finally, boiler thermal efficiency is calculated using the reverse balance method by analyzing heat losses to assess economic performance. Through investigation of peak shaving mechanisms, the study establishes a comprehensive evaluation framework centered on combustion stability, NOx emissions, and thermal efficiency. It provides theoretical foundations and practical engineering guidance for enhancing the power plants' deep peak shaving capabilities
Improvement of electronic structure, optical properties, and crystalline quality of FAPbI3 perovskite thin films by poly(ionic liquid) additives based on polymerized TFSI ion
No full textOver the past decade, organic-inorganic halogen perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made significant stride toward achieving record efficiencies. However, their long-term stability under ambient conditions, largely hindered by the perovskite material itself, remains a major obstacle to large-scale production. Herein, we present two novel poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) as promising additives to improve the quality of formammidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite thin films. The synthesized PILs, Poly(lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) and Poly(imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) abbreviated as [PMTFSI] Li and [PMTFSI] [DCMim], respectively, are based on polymerized TFSI anions which have shown great potential for healing the defects in the perovskite structure. The presence of multiple functional groups in PILs structure, such as sulfonyl, carbonyl, nitrile, trifluoromethyl, N+ in imidazolium, renders the interaction with the host perovskite materials, efficiently passivating defects throughout the perovskite film. Obtained results are further compared with the results acquired for the counterpart salt lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide shortly LiTFSI or [TFSI] Li. This study highlights the potential of PILs based on polymerized TFSI for the preparation of FAPbI3 thin films under ambient conditions with enhanced crystalline quality which is expected to improve both the stability and efficiency of PSCs
Photoluminescence properties of HfO2:RE3+ (RE = Eu, Sm, Tb, Dy) coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation of hafnium in an electrolyte containing RE oxide particles
No full textThis study investigates the morphology, composition, and photoluminescence (PL) properties of HfO2 coatings formed on hafnium by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), with the addition of rare-earth (RE) oxide particles (Eu2O3, Sm2O3, Dy2O3, and Tb4O7) at various concentrations. The PEO coatings exhibited a characteristic microstructure with micropores and solidified molten oxide domains. EDS analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of RE elements from the electrolyte into the HfO2 layer, with the concentration of RE elements in the coating increasing as their concentration in the electrolyte increased. XRD showed that the pure HfO2 coating was exclusively monoclinic. Incorporation of RE3+ induced a phase transformation, stabilizing the tetragonal HfO2 at the expense of the monoclinic phase. The HfO2:RE3+ coatings displayed intense, characteristic PL emissions corresponding to the RE3+ intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions. Excitation occurs through both direct RE3+ 4f-4f transitions and a highly efficient charge transfer (CT) process from O2− to RE3+ (RE = Eu, Sm, Dy) and the 4f8 → 4f75d1 transition of Tb3+. Analysis of the asymmetric ratio (R) for Eu3+ and Sm3+, as well as the yellow/blue (Y/B) ratio for Dy3+ and green/blue (G/B) ratio for Tb3+, confirmed that the RE3+ ions occupy low-symmetry (non-centrosymmetric) sites in the monoclinic HfO2 phase, which is responsible for the highly efficient PL emission. The slight decrease in these R and Y/B values, as well as the increase in G/B values with increasing RE concentrations in HfO2 coatings, is related to the stabilization of the higher-symmetry tetragonal phase. This work demonstrates an effective PEO method to produce advanced RE-doped HfO2 phosphors on hafnium substrates with tunable crystalline phases and strong PL properties
Multifractal features of multimodal cardiac signals: Nonlinear dynamics of exercise recovery
No full textWe investigate the recovery dynamics of healthy cardiac activity after physical exertion using multimodal biosignals recorded with a polycardiograph. Multifractal features derived from the singularity spectrum capture the scale-invariant properties of cardiovascular regulation. Five supervised classification algorithms-Logistic Regression (LogReg), Support Vector Machine with radial basis function kernel, k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Random Forest-were evaluated to distinguish recovery states in a small, imbalanced dataset. Our results show that multifractal analysis, combined with multimodal sensing, yields reliable features for characterizing recovery and points toward nonlinear diagnostic methods for heart conditions.Peer-reviewed version available at: [https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/16093
Impact of Mechanochemical Activation on the Thermal and Morphological Characteristics of Silver-Doped Pyrophyllite
No full textThis study deals with the influence of milling time and silver content on the structural, morphological, and thermal properties of pyrophyllite/Ag nanocomposites, which were produced using mechanical milling as a green synthesis method. Pyrophyllite was mechanochemically activated with AgNO3 (2, 5, and 10 wt% of silver), while the milling time varied from 20 to 320 min. A detailed kinetic analysis of the dehydroxylation reaction, followed by thorough microstructural and morphological analysis obtained by XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS, PSD, TGA/DTA, was performed. With the increase in milling time, notable particle size reduction and pronounced agglomeration occurred, including the disruption of pyrophyllite's crystalline structure and its amorphization. The XRD diffraction maximum at 2 of 38.16˚of the sample milled for 20 min with 10 wt% of AgNO3 corresponds to metallic silver. EDS mapping confirmed uniform dispersion of silver throughout the composite surface. The conversion curves were modelled as a linear combination of two Weibull functions. At lower temperatures, the highest value of the rate constant was obtained for the 10Ag80 sample, while the 10Ag20 sample underwent the fastest dehydroxylation. The apparent activation energy values, calculated using the isoconversional method, showed the highest value at the beginning of the dehydroxylation reaction, approximately 210 kJ mol⁻¹. Following a sharp drop to the values of 194 kJ mol⁻¹ (5Ag20 sample), 193 kJ mol⁻¹ (10Ag20 sample), and 187 kJ mol⁻¹ (10Ag80 sample), a re-increase in energy values towards the end of the reaction is seen. The obtained results also indicated that the value of the rate constant is influenced more by the milling time than by the added AgNO3 weight fraction