Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
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Концепт ЗЛАТО у језичкој свести словенских народа
No full textНазиви за злато у свим словенским језицима потичу од корена *zlt- и примарно означавају племенити метал жуте боје, сјајан, мекан, који се употребљава као мерило вредности. Основно општесловенско значење развија се даље асоцијативним механизмима и у националним сликама света формира специфичне лингвокултурне концепте, чији елеменати одражавају карактеристике традиционалне културе и особености менталитета словенских народа. Задатак овога рада је праћење значењских трансформација језичких јединица концепта на денотативном и конотативном плану, односно потенцијала словенских језика и говора да садржај концепта ЗЛАТО попуњавају културним и аксиолошким компонентама, са циљем да се опишу заједничке црте и истакну дистинктивна обележја поимања ове стварносне категорије у језичкој свести сродних народа. На грађи из речника стандардних језика и народних говора анализирају се сличности и разлике у концептуализацији појма ЗЛАТО у словенским језицима, како би се издвојиле и упоредиле културно маркиране јединице у којима се манифестују лингвокултурне специфичности словенских језичких личности.The names for gold in all Slavic languages originate from the root *zlt- and primarily denote a shiny, soft, yellow-colored noble metal, which is used as a measure of value. The basic common Slavic meaning is further developed by associative mechanisms and in the national images of the world forms specific linguo-cultural concepts, whose elements reflect the characteristics of the traditional culture and the specific features of the mentality of Slavs. By using materials from the dictionaries of standard languages and vernaculars, the similarities and differences in the conceptualization of the concept of GOLD among the southern, eastern and western Slavs were analyzed, in order to isolate and compare culturally marked units in which the linguo-cultural specificities of Slavic linguistic personalities are manifested. Lexical, phraseological and paremiological units which fill the content of the concept have shown that the verbal interpretation of the concept of GOLD in traditional images of the world is almost identical among all Slavs. The differences are also manifested in the modern understanding of the given concept on its periphery, which most vividly reflects the specificities which arise primarily from the geographical and historical conditions of life. In the linguistic knowledge of the Slavs, the concept of GOLD is formed around the most impressive properties of this metal – denotative, encyclopedic (its yellow color, shining potential, its use in jewelry making, money-making, etc.) and the connotative – as the result of one’s subjective perception (preciousness, excellence, something of the highest value, a symbol of wealth, the object of human aspirations). The Slavs conceptualize gold as being of the highest value by which everything surrounding a person is measured, which is shown by its realization in the physical, aesthetic, ethical, historical, social, psychological and emotional aspects. This paper presents a proposal for the reconstruction of the model of conceptualization of the same concept in several Slavic languages, and in this sense it is a useful contribution to current comparative linguo-cultural studies
Comparison of the properties in single and dual phase (Hf,Ti,Zr)B2 (Hf,Ti,Zr)C ceramics influenced by transition metal distribution
No full textMid entropy dual phase ceramics are attractive due to potential synergistic effects of the constituents on functional properties, but with less compositional complexity compared to high entropy systems. Dual phase mid entropy carbide/mid entropy boride ceramics were produced by co-synthesis method followed by two-step spark plasma sintering at 1900 °C or 1950 °C. Derived from transition metal distribution in the dual phase ceramics determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy, individual mid entropy boride and carbide ceramics were produced using the same conditions. The final dual phase microstructures had submicron grains due to the pinning effect of the two phases, while grain sizes of the individual mid entropy carbides and borides had average grain sizes higher than 9 ceramics was 43.5 ± 5.1 GPa, while value calculated using a volumetric rule of mixtures was 36.2 GPa. Thermal conductivity of the dual phase ceramic displayed an increase of ~15% compared to the constituent phases, along with ~35% lower electrical resistivity than the value calculated from the individual constituents. Based on Wiedemann Franz law, fraction of the phonon carriers was close to 25 %, for individual mid entropy borides and it was around 63 % for individual mid entropy carbides, while in the case of the dual phase ceramics, the phonon contribution was approximately 44 % of the total conductivity, indicating that the mid entropy boride phase had a dominant effect on the electrical resistivity of the composite. A synergetic effect between phases resulted in increase in thermal and electrical conductivities along with the hardness of the dual phase ceramics compared to the constituent borides and carbides
Geospatial estimation of rooftop solar photovoltaic technical potential in Serbia
No full textRooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are essential for meeting the increasing demand for electricity while reducing reliance on fossil fuels, thereby enhancing overall air quality. Yet, for many countries, the geospatial distribution of rooftop PV potential remains poorly quantified, constraining the design of effective policies and grid planning. This study delivers the first nationwide, building-level assessment of rooftop PV in Serbia, integrating Microsoft machine-learning building footprints with Global Solar Atlas irradiance data and a calibrated performance-ratio model on the Google Earth Engine platform. The findings show an upper-bound technical potential of 41.1 GW and 51.5 TWh/year, which is around 40% more than Serbia's current electricity consumption. In Serbia, spatial heterogeneity is present, as cities such as Novi Sad and Leskovac surpass 1 TWh annually, while municipalities in rural areas fall below 20 GWh. The comparison of per-area yield intensity (~250 GWh/km²) in this study exceeds previous estimates in Serbia, while still aligning with global upper-bound studies. Novel contributions include municipal-level mapping across 197 units, integration of prosumer registries, and a social case study demonstrating the role of rooftop PV in alleviating energy poverty. This study takes a novel approach, based on unconventional data, to estimate rooftop PV potential at the level where decisions actually happen. It enables a bottom-up shift in energy policy, empowering local authorities to drive the energy transition independently from centralized energy policy. These findings support the development of more effective local energy plans that align with residents' needs and overcome bureaucratic delays in project approvals
Influence of Oxygen Vacancies on the (Photo)Electrocatalytic Performance of ZnO/RuO2 Composites for HER and OER
No full textNoble metal-based electrocatalysts show excellent activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but their high cost and limited availability remain major obstacles. One of the key goals is to reduce the amount of noble metals in catalysts; for example, by combining them with more abundant materials. In this study, the amount of RuO2 was reduced by adding multifunctional ZnO, and the (photo)electrocatalytic activity of the resulting materials was investigated for both HER and OER.
A ZnO/RuO2 composite in a 2:1 mass ratio was synthesized using microwave processing of a precipitate. To examine the influence of oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure on the (photo)electrocatalytic activity, the composite was thermally treated at 300 and 600 °C. The crystal structure of the composites was analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while optical properties were investigated using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The (photo)electrocatalytic activity of the composites toward HER and OER was evaluated by linear voltammetry in 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M H2SO4 electrolytes. The (photo)electrocatalytic activity was correlated with the physicochemical properties of the composites, highlighting the particularly important role of both surface and bulk oxygen vacancies
Elektrohemijska karakterizacija glukoza-oksidaze imobilisane u elektroprovodnim prolimerima poređenje polianilina sa samodopovanim i substituisanim polianilinom
No full textThis study investigates the electrochemical behaviour of glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized in: polyaniline (PANI), self-doped polyaniline (SD-PANI), and poly(o-toluidine) (POT), a substituted aniline derivative. All polymeric materials were synthesized electrochemically via galvanostatic polymerization on graphite electrodes. SD-PANI was obtained by copolymerizing aniline with meta-aminobenzoic acid, introducing internal proton-donating groups to enhance conductivity and enzyme compatibility. The presence of –OH groups increases the hydrophilicity of the polymer, facilitating interactions with aqueous solutions and biological molecules such as enzymes, thereby improving immobilization efficiency. GOx was immobilized by cross-linking via glutaraldehyde. Amperometric measurements in the presence of glucose were used to evaluate the bioelectrocatalytic response. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters — the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum current response (Imax) — were extracted from steady-state current responses using the Lineweaver-Burk method. Although the most favorable kinetic parameters were obtained for PANI, followed by POT and SD-PANI, the highest storage stability of GOx was observed with SD-PANI due to its conductivity in neutral media. These findings highlight the influence of polymer structure and functionalization on enzymatic activity and biosensor efficiency.U ovom radu ispitivano je elektrohemijsko ponašanje glukoza oksidaze (GOx) imobilisane u elektroprovodnim polimerima: polianilinu (PANI), samodopovanom polianilinu (SD-PANI) i poli(o-toluidinu) (POT), koji su dobijeni elektrohemijskom sintezom na grafitnoj elektrodi u galvanostatskim uslovima. Imobilizacija enzima u elektrodnim mateerijalima izvršena je umrežavanjem glutaraldehidom. SD-PANI je izabran zbog provodljivosti u neutralnoj sredini, dok –OH grupe u POT-u povećavaju hidrofilnost i olakšavaju interakciju sa enzimima. Amperometrijska merenja u prisustvu glukoze korišćena su za određivanje parametara enzimske kinetike primenom Lineweaver-Burk metode. Najpovoljniji kinetički parametri dobijeni su za PANI, dok je SD-PANI pokazao najveću stabilnost u neutralnoj sredini. Rezultati ukazuju na značaj strukture i funkcionalizacije polimera u efikasnosti elektrohemijskih biosenzora
Intergranular capacitance of sintered BaFe12O19 doped with TiO2 in the very low frequency region
No full textA powder of BaFe12O19 composition (barium hexaferrite) was prepared by using the respective mixture of metal oxides and performing a solid-state reaction at 1000 °C/4h in air. The obtained barium hexaferrite powder was milled for a prolonged time in the planetary ball mill and agate mill to achieve submicron powder. The BaFe12O19 submicron powder was mixed with TiO2nanopowder as a dopant. The prepared powder mixture was characterized by using XRD and SEM techniques. After that, the barium hexaferrite powder mixture was pressed into thin and small diameter size disk-shaped samples and sintered at different sintering profiles from 1050°C to 1275°C/2h to 6h. The sintered samples were also characterized by using XRD and SEM. The main electrical properties such as capacitance (intergranular) and bulk resistance R at 1Hz to 100 Hz were measured at room temperature. The dielectric permittivity was calculated from the equivalent scheme of disk capacitor. The obtained results were used for observing space charge relaxation effects and development of multilayer capacitor forenergy storage device
Титова Каноса или пирова победа? Југославија и Конференција комунистичких и радничких партија Европе 1976. године
No full textThis paper explores Yugoslavia’s unexpected decision
to participate in the 1976 Conference of Communist and Workers
Parties of Europe, analysing the broader foreign policy context that
shaped its engagement. The Yugoslav leadership viewed the conference
as an opportunity to assert their core foreign policy principles
within the European communist movement. Closely aligned with
the Italian Communist Party, Belgrade played a key role in shaping
the final document, which formally promoted the autonomy of national
communist parties. The conference was widely seen as a success
for the so-called autonomist bloc, but this victory proved temporary.
The article concludes that while the conference was a
symbolic milestone for Yugoslav foreign policy, it ultimately represented
a Pyrrhic victory in the broader struggle for autonomy within
the communist movement.Овај рад истражује учешће Савеза комуниста Југославије на Конференцији комунистичких и радничких партија Европе 1976. године, анализирајући ову активност у светлу ширих спољнополитичких принципа и ангажмана Југославије. Конференција је у Београду била виђена као прилика за афирмацију југословенских спољнополитичких принципа, што је
кроз савезништво са Комунистичком партијом Италије у великој мери и остварено. Завршни документ конференције у пуноћи је афирмисао аутономију националних комунистичких
партија. Ипак, овај успех се показао привременим. У раду се закључује да је конференција, иако симболичка прекретница за југословенску спољну политику, у суштини представљала Пирову победу у широј борби за аутономију унутар комунистичког покрета
Zašto idemo u zoološki vrt?
No full textLjudsko-životinjski odnosi iz perspektive društvenih i humanističkih nauka : tematski zbornik naučnih radova. Edicija Disput.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1798637
Ljudsko-životinjski odnosi iz perspektive društvenih i humanističkih nauka: tematski zbornik naučnih radova
No full textLjudsko-životinjski odnosi iz perspektive društvenih i humanističkih nauka : tematski zbornik naučnih radova. Edicija Disput. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1798637
Тhe Great Eastern Crisis in the parliamentary debates of Great Britain (1875–1878)
No full textОвај рад представља осврт на Велику источну кризу кроз поједине дебате у оба дома британског парламента. Посебна пажња посвећена је Босни и Херцеговини, као и односу према хришћанском становништву. Велика источна криза покренула је ново доба, еру новог империјализма и у таквом контексту било је потребно осврнути се на ставове политичке и управљачке елите империје каква је била Велика Британија.This paper provides an overview of the Great Eastern Crisis
through selected debates in both houses of the British Parliament. Special
attention is given to Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the attitude
towards the Christian population. The Great Eastern Crisis marked the
beginning of a new era, the era of new imperialism, and in this context, it
was necessary to reflect on the views of the political and administrative
elite of an empire like Great Britain