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Investigating the Chemical–Biological Link in Ziziphora galinae Extracts for the Discovery of Novel Raw Materials via In Silico and In Vitro Assays
No full textThis study examined the impact of the extraction methods (70% ethanolic extraction, infusion) on the overall biological profile and concentration of phenolic compounds of Ziziphora galinae (ZG). Infusion yielded significantly higher phenolics and flavonoids (75.73 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g and 8.87 ± 0.36 mg RE/g) than the ethanol extract (10.44 ± 0.1 and 2.44 ± 0.17, respectively). Nineteen key bioactive compounds, including caffeoylquinic acids, rutin, and p-coumaric acid, were identified. Both extracts exhibited strong antibacterial and moderate antifungal activity, but no notable cytotoxicity (IC50 > 400 μg/mL). Furthermore,
in silico analyses involving molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM-PBSA free energy calculations revealed that the phytochemicals identified from ZG exhibited strong binding affinities and high structural stability against key human metabolic enzymes and essential bacterial proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis and DNA replication. Based on these results, the varying effects produced by the two extracts of endemic ZG may be attributed to the presence of distinct compounds, making them a valuable source of bioactive compounds to benefit human health
Studies on the Bioactivity (Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic) and Chemical Composition of Aqueous Extracts of Some Plant Species Collected from Turkmenistan
No full textAlhagi persarum (AP), Alhagi persarum flowers (APF), Ephedra
equisetina (EE) and Glycyrrhiza glabra root (GGR) have been
utilized in Central Asian folk medicine for centuries. In the
present study, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial and
cytotoxic effects the aqueous extracts of these plants were
studied. In addition, 23 compounds were identified in the
extracts using UHPLC-DAD-QqQ-MS/MS analysis. The four plant
samples demonstrated promising antioxidant activities in vitro
for scavenging of 2, 20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulph onate) radical (ABTS), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical
(DPPH), and total reducing power. AP (DPPH: 47.39 mgTE/g;
ABTS:108.58 mgTE/g; CUPRAC: 117.41 mgTE/g; FRAP:
82.22 mgTE/g) and EE (DPPH: 46.75 mgTE/g; ABTS:
110.51 mgTE/g; CUPRAC: 140.77 mgTE/g; FRAP: 91.00 mgTE/g)
displayed the strongest antiradical and reduction abilities in the
test system. In terms of enzyme inhibition efficacy, AP and EE
showed higher bioactivity. Aqueous extracts demonstrated the
most potent efficacy against eight different bacterial and fungal
strains in antibacterial (MIC values: 1.5–4 mg/ml) and antifungal
(MIC values: 1–8 mg/ml) testing. Contrary to other activities,
these aqueous extracts did not show cytotoxic effects against
HaCaT cells. All bioactivities suggested that the plants could be
utilized as candidate resources in the food and pharmaceutical
industries
Different long-term nutritional regimens of Drosophila melanogaster shape its microbiota and associated metabolic activity in a sex-specific manner
No full textThe dietary habits of fruit flies profoundly influence their fitness, morphology, and physiology yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. To address this gap, the relationship between dietary regimens and the composition and function of adult Drosophila melanogaster microbiota was investigated in the present study. The adult fly microbiota communities that were reared for long time on five different diets were characterized by means of 16S rRNA sequencing. Obtained results revealed distinct community structures associated with each dietary regimen, which was additionally corroborated through machine learning-based analysis. In general, sugar-rich diets correlate with microbial ecosystems of higher richness/diversity. Dominance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in the microbiota was confirmed irrespective of diet, with the varying proportions of the most abundant families: Acetobacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Moraxellaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, and Leucostonocaceae. Bacterial families of lower abundance also emerged as differentially present among the studied fly groups. Additionally, functional prediction provided initial clues into how nutrient availability might modulate the metabolic traits of adult fly microbiota in a sex-specific manner to meet host metabolic needs. Overall, the presented findings highlight the intricate interplay between diet, microbiota composition, and host phenotype in fruit flies, underscoring the importance of diet as a determinant of host-microbiota interactions
Microarray data of potato plants exposed to French marigold essential oil for 8 h
No full textFrench marigold (Tagetes patula L.) is well known pest repellent often used in potato fields. However, the effect of French marigold volatiles on potato plants (their metabolism, physiology, defense…) is unknown. Thus, a microarray transcriptome analysis was performed to study the effects of French marigold essential oil (EO) on laboratory-grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Obtained research data are presented in 1 csv file named DATA_Microarray_Results which contains processed data of cDNA microarray analysis. Supporting information about the data are presented in the ReadMe fil
Influence of Kombucha Fermentation on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Monofloral Rapeseed Bee-Collected Pollen
No full textBee-collected pollen (BCP) can serve as an excellent enhancer of functional food bioactivity, particularly when it is fermented. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel kombucha-based beverage (KPE) enriched with fermented monofloral rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) BCP. To characterize the obtained samples, a proximate phytochemical composition analysis (including total phenolic and flavonoid content) was performed, as well as a detailed untargeted UHPLC-Q-ToF-MS profiling of phenolics and phenylamides. To biologically characterize KPE, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were monitored. The total phenolic and flavonoid content, enhanced by the addition of BCP to the kombucha green tea beverage, was dose-dependent. The control sample showed a strong predominance of flavan-3-ols, distinguishing it from the KPE samples, where flavonol predominance and an increased content of phenolic acids were observed. Notably, the most significant markers of BCP were phenylamides, which were completely absent in the control. Although antioxidant activity was proximately highest in the control sample, KPE samples exhibited significantly improved antimicrobial activity
Варијабилности кондиционог индекса зидног гуштера (Podarcis muralis Laurenti, 1768) у урбаној популацији (Београд, Србија)
No full textKondicioni indeks tela predstavlja odnos između mase i dužine tela jedinke, a koristi se za procenu zdravstvenog stanja jedinki, predikciju reproduktivnog uspeha i stope preživljavanja jedinki. Na varijabilnost kondicionog ideksa mogu uticati brojni faktori: sezona, pol, kvalitet staništa, antropogeni uticaj i stopa predacije. U antropogenim sredinama životinje su suočene sa brojnim pritiscima pa mali broj vrsta može da opstane i da se adaptira na takve uslove. Zidni gušter (Podarcis muralis) je vrsta koja se često sreće u urbanim sredinama, pa je prikladna za istraživanje gmizavaca u antropogenim sredinama. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je bio ispitivanje varijabilnosti kondicionog indeksa pre i posle hibernacije, uzimajući u obzir faktore kao što su pol i status repa (ceo ili regenerisan). Analizirano je ukupno 97 adultnih jedinki (53 mužjaka i 44 ženki od toga su 52 jedinke uhvaćene pre hibernacije a 45 posle hibernacije) iz Beograda (Kalemegdan). Reziduali iz linearne regresije logaritmovanih vrednosti mase tela na dužinu tela korišćeni su kao mera kondicionog indeksa jedniki. Rezultati ANOVA testa su pokazali da se kondicioni indeksi značajno razlikuju između polova (F=47.27, p<0.001), pa su razlike između sezona testirane za svaki pol posebno. Kondicioni indeks je očekivano bio manji posle hibernacije i kod mužjaka (F=8.29, p=0.006) i kod ženki (F=4.26, p=0.045), zbog toga što se gušteri ne hrane tokom hibernacije, već samo troše prethodno skladištene energetske rezerve. U urbanim sredinama temperatura sredine u zimskim mesecima je uglavnom viša, što tokom hibernacije može uticati na povećanu aktivnost guštera i veću potrošnju skladištetne energije. Vrednosti kondicionih indeksa kod jedinki sa celim i regenerisanim repom bile su slične (F=3.84, p=0.053).Кондициони индекс тела представља однос између масе и дужине тела јединке, а кори-
сти се за процену здравственог стања јединки, предвиђање репродуктивног успеха и
стопе преживљавања јединки. На варијабилност кондиционог идекса утичу бројни
фактори: сезона, пол, квалитет станишта, антропогени утицај, стопа предације и др. У
атропогеним средима већина врста суочена је са бројним притисцима и веома мали
број може да опстане и да се адаптира на такве услове. Зидни гуштер (Podarcis muralis)
је врста која се често среће у урбаним срединама, и веома је погодна као модел систем
из групе гмизаваца за истраживање у атропогеним срединама. Основни циљ овог рада
био је испитивање варијабилности кондиционог индекса пре и након брумације, узи-
мајући у обзир факторе пол и реп (цео или регенерисан). Анализирано је укупно 97
адултних јединки (52 јединке пре брумације и 45 јединки након брумације) из Београда.
Резултати ANOVE су показали да се кондициони индекси значајно разликују између
полова (F=47.27, p<0.001), па су разлике по сезонама тестиране за сваки пол посебно.
Кондициони индекс је био мањи после брумације и код мужјака (F=8.29, p=0.006) и
код женки (F=4.26, p=0.045), због тога што се гуштери не хране током брумације, већ
користе претходно ускладиштене енергетске резерве. У урбаним срединама темпера-
тура средине у зимским месецима је углавном виша, што током брумације може ути-
цати на повећану активност гуштера и већу потрошњу енергије из накупљених резерви.
Вредности кондиционих индекса код јединки са целим и регенерисаним репом биле
су сличне (F=3.84, p=0.053).Stanković M, Bojović B, Stefanović O, Kosanić M, Milutinović M, editors. Program i izvodi saopštenja: Druga konferencija srpskog biološkog društva "Stevan Jakovljević" Kragujevac; 2025 Sep 17-19; Kragujevac, Serbia. Kragujevac: Srpsko biološko društvo "Stavan Jakovljević"; 2025. p. 61
Прелиминарна анализа исхране зидног гуштера (Podarcis muralis Laurenti, 1768) на подручју Београда
No full textZidni gušter (Podarcis muralis) je široko rasprostranjen, često se sreće u urbanim sredinama. Pretežno se hrani beskičmenjacima, ali povremeno i biljkama. Analiza ishrane sprovedena je na 35 jedinki ulovljenih u Beogradu, na Kalemegdanu od marta do maja 2025. godine. Uzorci fecesa prikupljani su paralelno sa ispiranjem želuca radi potpunijeg uvida u diverzitet plena. Ovo je prva primena ispiranja želuca kod guštera u Srbiji, pri čemu se tehnika pokazala kao efikasna i pouzdana. Identifikovano je 113 komponenti ishrane, koje su za potrebe daljih analiza grupisane u devet kategorija plena. Ishrana je uglavnom obuhvatala adultne zglavkare, pre svega leteće insekte. Najzastupljenije kategorije plena bile su: Diptera (39%), Coleoptera (20%), Hemiptera (14%), Isopoda (12%) i Araneae (9%). Ostale kategorije (Gastropoda, Hymenoptera i Lepidoptera) bile su zastupljene sa manje od 2%. Kod deset guštera je zabeležen biljni materijal i tumačen kao slučajan plen. Kod četiri jedinke dokumentovana je keratofagija. Tri guštera su bila bez fekalnog i želudačnog sadržaja. Na osnovu procenjene širine trofičke niše (Standardizovane Hulbertove širine niše (B’=0.40), Simpsonovog (D'=0.76), Šenon-Vinerovog (H=1.65) i indeksa ekvitabilnosti (J=0.75)) zaključuje se da zidni gušter ima relativno široku i nespecijalizovanu trofičku nišu. Indeks dominacije (d=0.39) dodatno ukazuje na odsustvo izražene preferencije prema pojedinim kategorijama plena. Iako zidni gušter nije zaštićen na nacionalnom nivou i prema IUCN kriterijumima nije ugrožen, poznavanje trofičke ekologije predstavlja važnu kariku u razumevanju uloge koju ima u urbanom ekosistemu. Stoga je neophodno nastaviti sezonska istraživanja na većem broju lokaliteta.Зидни гуштер (Podarcis muralis) је широко распрострањен, често се среће у урбаним
срединама. Претежно се храни бескичмењацима, али повремено и биљкама. Анализа
исхране спроведена је на 35 јединки уловљених у Београду, на Калемегдану од марта
до маја 2025. године. Узорци фецеса прикупљани су паралелно са испирањем желу-
ца ради потпунијег увида у диверзитет плена. Ово је прва примена испирања желуца
код гуштера у Србији. Идентификоване су 82 компоненте исхране, које су за потребе
анализа груписане у девет категорија плена. Исхрана је углавном обухватала адултне
зглавкаре. Најзаступљеније категорије плена биле су: Diptera (29%), Hemiptera и Cole-
optera (18%), Isopoda (15%) и Araneae (12%). Остале категорије (Gastropoda, Hymenop-
tera и Lepidoptera) биле су заступљене са мање од 6%. Четири јединке (5%) су биле без
фекалног и желудачног садржаја. Биљни материјал је забележен код седам гуштера
(9%), и тумачен као случајан плен. Код четири јединке (5%) документована је керато-
фагија. На основу процењене ширине трофичке нише (Стандардизоване Хулбертове
ширине нише (B’=0.52), Симпсоновог (D’=0.81), Шенон-Винеровог (H=1.78) и индекса
еквитабилности (Ј=0.81)) закључује се да зидни гуштер има широку и неспецијализо-
вану трофичку нишу. Индекс доминације (d=0.29) указује на одсуство изражене пре-
ференције према појединим категоријама плена. Иако зидни гуштер није заштићен на
националном нивоу и према IUCN критеријумима није угрожен, познавање трофичке
екологије представља важну карику у разумевању улоге коју има у урбаном екосистему.
Стога је неопходно наставити сезонска истраживања на већем броју локалитета.Stanković M, Bojović B, Stefanović O, Kosanić M, Milutinović M, editors. Program i izvodi saopštenja: Druga konferencija srpskog biološkog društva "Stevan Jakovljević" Kragujevac; 2025 Sep 17-19; Kragujevac, Serbia. Kragujevac: Srpsko biološko društvo "Stavan Jakovljević"; 2025. p. 71
Variation in Brown Rot Susceptibility and Phenolic Profile at Different Stages of Plum Fruit (Prunus domestica L.) Development
No full textPlum production is severely affected by brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. In this study, the relationship between the content of major phenolic compounds and the severity of brown rot in artificially inoculated fruits of two plum cultivars (“Stanley” and “Čačanska Rodna”) was investigated at three fruit developmental stages. The results showed that the phenolic profiles of healthy fruits did not differ significantly between cultivars. In the early stages of brown rot development, some phenolic compounds correlated significantly with lesion diameter in both cultivars. Later, as the disease progressed, negative correlation between disease severity and content of quercitrin, rutin, naringin, isoferulic acid, polydatin, and catechin and positive correlation between disease severity and content of naringenin and aesculetin was found. The most significant correlations were observed in pit hardening and ground color change of fruits, which may reflect potential involvement of these compounds in the susceptibility of plum fruits to Monilinia-induced infections
Molecular identification of Balkan Salvia species and valorization of Salvia nemorosa inflorescences for functional food applications
No full textThe genus Salvia includes numerous species traditionally used in food and herbal preparations due to their aromatic, medicinal, and preservative properties. Accurate identification of Salvia taxa is essential to ensure safe use and to trace bioactive compounds relevant for functional food applications. Traditional taxonomy, based primarily on morphological traits, often lacks precision for distinguishing closely related species. In this study, molecular barcoding combining plastid DNA markers (matK, trnL-F, rbcL, psbA-trnH) was applied to six Salvia taxa commonly found in the Balkan region: S. nemorosa, Salvia nemorosa × pratensis (hybrid), S. pratensis, S. verticillata, S. aethiopis, and S. officinalis. The obtained sequences were integrated with publicly available data to clarify taxonomic boundaries, providing a reliable genetic basis for further food and nutraceutical research.
Building on the molecular characterization, S. nemorosa was evaluated for its potential as a source of bioactive ingredients relevant to food and health. Inflorescences were extracted using different solvents, yielding 14 extracts with diverse chemical profiles and biological properties. Extraction yields ranged from 3.03% to 15.75%, with epigallocatechin gallate and rosmarinic acid as dominant constituents. Most extracts were non-cytotoxic to HaCaT human keratinocytes, confirming their safety for potential use in food-related applications. Butanol extraction enhanced wound healing potential, while combined ethanol-water extraction produced the highest antioxidant activity, attributed to its high polyphenol content. Furthermore, butanol extracts exhibited strong inhibition of enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and demonstrated potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects, including over 90% inhibition of Staphylococcus lugdunensis biofilms. The most active extract also reduced bacterial adhesion to keratinocytes and showed immunomodulatory properties, with the antibacterial mechanism linked to moderate membrane
disruption and reduced bacterial mitochondrial activity. This integrated study highlights the dual importance of accurate molecular identification and functional profiling of Salvia species for food and nutraceutical innovation. S. nemorosa inflorescences were shown to be a valuable source of polyphenol-rich extracts with potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. These findings support the potential of
Balkan Salvia species for the development of natural additives, functional foods, and health-promoting products, while ensuring authenticity and safety through robust molecular authentication.Book of Abstracts: International FoodTec Conference: Shaping the Future of Sustainable Food Ecosystems; 2025 Oct 27-29; Bragança, Portugal. Bragança, Portugal: Instituto Politécnico de Bragança Campus de Santa Apolónia; 2025. p. 370
Editorial: Bacillus and Pseudomonas as plant friends: molecular, physiological and ecological interactions
No full textThe aim of this Research Topic was to compile recent research on the beneficial roles of Bacillus and Pseudomonas species in enhancing plant resilience and growth. The Research Topic features 11 original research articles that demonstrate diverse symbiotic mechanisms between these beneficial bacteria and their host plants. Among these 11 articles, nine focus exclusively on Bacillus species (B. velezensis strains HY-43, HY-46, R3, Ya-1, BN, TZ01, ZHR0, and LMY3-5; B. subtilis strains LK-1, JNF2, and 1JN2; B. vallismortis strain SZ-4); one focuses exclusively on two Pseudomonas strains (P. oryzihabitans D1-104/3 and P. gessardii C31-106/3) and one article features research on both B. subtilis (strain ATCC 6633) and P. fluorescens (strain ATCC 17400) in addition to Azospirillum brasilense (strain Sp245). The imbalance in the number of articles featuring the research on Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains suggests that current research trends in rhizobacterial symbiosis focus notably more on Bacillus than on Pseudomonas species