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Blood serum biochemical parameters related to cardiovascular health in peripubertal rats as markers for evaluating the effects of in-utero exposure to ELF-MF
No full textAlthough the effects of acute or chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF)
generated by domestic installations, household appliances, and power grids on the cardiovascular
system are inconclusive, there are serious indications in this direction. Blood tests are one of the ap
proaches that can be used as markers for evaluating the health of the cardiovascular system. Thus, this
study addresses the effects of continuous in-utero exposure to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) on serum con
centrations of creatine kinase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
in peripubertal rats.
Adult male and female rats (Wistar IGS) were placed near an on/off electromagnet generating ELF-MF
(50 Hz, 0.5 mT) until conception, and pregnant females until the offspring were born. Immediately after
birth, the mothers and their offsprings were removed from the ELF-MF exposure system. Between 09:00
and 10:00 on postnatal days 40-42, blood samples were taken from the trunk of each animal, and the
sera were isolated and stored at -80°C until analysis. Serum parameters of cardiovascular function were
analyzed using an automated biochemical analyzer (BS-240 Vet). The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney
tests were used to evaluate the changes in each parameter. Continuous in-utero exposure to ELF-MF causes the following significant effects in peripubertal off
spring: (1) decreased creatine kinase in males and increased creatine kinase in females, (2) decreased
total cholesterol in males, (3) increased triglyceride in both sexes, and (4) decreased low-density lipo
protein-cholesterol in both sexes. These results suggest that continuous in-utero exposure to ELF-MF
may influence cardiovascular function in later life.Robajac D, editor. Book of abstracts: FEBS3+ meeting: Advances in Molecular Biosciences: From Genes to Personalized Therapies; 025 Sep 24-27; Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade: Faculty of Chemistry, Serbian Biochemical Society; 2025. p. 106-7
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) Processing By-Products as Potential Functional Ingredients in Food Production: A Detailed Insight into Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties
No full textHorseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) root (HRP) and leaf (HLP) pomaces, by-products of juice production by cold-pressing, were analyzed as a novel potential source of natural antioxidants. Chromatography analysis (UHPLC Q-ToF MS) of the bioactive compounds of pomaces was performed along with spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic acid (hydroxycinnamic) content (TPAC), and antioxidant capacity (via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic-acid) (ABTS•+) radicals’ scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). The concentrations of TPC, TFC, and TPAC differed among the pomaces, significantly favoring HLP. However, both horseradish pomaces (HRP and HLP) contained a considerable amount of various phenolics, with kaempferol and its glucosides dominating. In addition, they exhibit pronounced antioxidant activity, which is confirmed by all three methods used (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). These results highlight the potential of valorizing horseradish processing waste as a natural, reliable source of health-promoting bioactive compounds and functional ingredients in food products, thereby fortifying food, preventing oxidation, and prolonging shelf-life. In addition, this study supports endeavors to reduce food waste by providing new insights into the valorization of horseradish pomace, thus contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection
Naturally aged rats, characterized by persulfidation decline, provide an adequate translational preclinical model for BPH: A hypothesis
No full textBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent age-related disorder characterized by progressive prostate enlargement. Current preclinical models fail to replicate decline in persulfidation and chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular aging that drive human BPH pathology. We propose that a naturally aging rat model (middle to early old-aged) provides a superior alternative by mimicking BPH progression as a multifactorial aging-associated disease. Furthermore, we hypothesize that a decline in persulfidation (PSSH) may be a novel biomarker for oxidative stress susceptibility, allowing precision medicine approaches in BPH treatment. Naturally, aging models likely provide a more translationally relevant platform for preclinical drug testing, leading to improved therapeutic validation and regulatory approval. We propose multicenter validation of persulfidation biomarkers, integration into clinical trials, and their application in biomarker-guided BPH therapy. This hypothesis shifts BPH research towards a multi-dimensional aging-based disease model, facilitating biomarker-driven precision medicine strategies that could significantly improve treatment outcomes
Study of heritage apple cultivars in Norway
No full textThis report presents results of apple cultivars and selections studies, performed during 2018-2021 at NIBIO Ullensvang, Njøs Fruit and Berry Centre and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) in the frame of FRUIT-N-QUALITY (Evaluation of traditional Norwegian apple, plum and raspberry cultivars) project. The aim of this study was to evaluate Norwegian heritage apple cultivars from pomological, agronomical, and biochemical point of view, identify the most important quality parameters, and select cultivars with desirable traits for modern markets and breeding purposes. In total 139 heritage apple cultivars were evaluated. In addition, the chemical contents of the fruits and the seeds are listed for 139 cultivars. The aim of this study is to evaluate Norwegian heritage apple cultivars from pomological, agronomical, and biochemical point of view, identify the most important quality parameters, and select cultivars with desirable traits for modern markets and breeding purposes. In total 139 heritage apple cultivars were evaluated during 2018-2021. During the studies heritage cultivars that have never been documented were identified and pomological descriptions of sixteen heritage cultivars were prepared. In addition, the chemical contents of the fruits and the seeds are listed for these cultivars. Based on individual investigations of various fruit quality characters, cultivar groups with special properties were selected for the industry and as genetic sources in breeding programs. Based on overall fruit quality, heritage cultivars for fresh consumption are selected: Rondestveit, Løeeple, Raud Gravenstein, Sävstaholm, Raud Sävstaholm and Maglemer
Characterization and antiradical activity of Vranac grape extracts using EPR and Orbitrap analysis
No full textExtracts from the grape variety Vranac were analyzed to evaluate their antiradical activity and chemical composition. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to assess the scavenging capacity of the extracts against DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals. The chemical profiles were determined by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Five different extract samples were prepared using supercritical CO2 extraction with varying solvent compositions: (1) grape skin extract with 15% ethanol cosolvent, (2) grape skin and seed extract with 15% ethanol cosolvent, (3) grape skin extract without cosolvent, (4) liquid grape skin extract with 50% ethanol cosolvent, and (5) grape skin extract with 50% ethanol cosolvent. Additionally, a sixth sample was obtained via ultrasonic extraction in 50% ethanol.
EPR results showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity in sample 4 (53.77%), while samples 1 and 2 exhibited lower activities (32.41% and 15.79%, respectively). Hydroxyl radical scavenging ranged from 67.95% to 86.64%, with sample 4 again demonstrating the strongest activity. Superoxide radical scavenging was high across all samples (79.32% to 83.63%), with sample 4 showing the highest activity. Orbitrap analysis revealed that sample 4 was the richest in polyphenols, with major compounds including malvidin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. Other notable polyphenols such as catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins, and various anthocyanins were also identified, highlighting the complex phenolic composition of the extracts. These findings demonstrate that Vranac grape extracts possess significant antiradical activity and a diverse polyphenolic profile, which may contribute to their potential health benefits and applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.Book of abstracts: 11th Conference of Young Chemists of Serbia; 2025 Oct 25; Kragujevac; Serbia. Belgrade: Serbian Chemical Society; 2025. p. 43
Advances in Diclofenac Derivatives: Exploring Carborane-Substituted N-Methyl and Nitrile Analogs for Anticancer Therapy
No full textThis study explores the anticancer potential of N‐methylated open‐ring derivatives of carborane‐substituted diclofenac analogs. By N‐methylation, the open‐chain form could be trapped and cyclization back to lactam or amidine derivatives is inhibited. A small library of carborane‐ and phenyl‐based secondary and tertiary arylamines bearing carboxylic acid or nitrile groups is synthesized and analyzed for their COX affinity in vitro and in silico. The compounds are further evaluated against mouse adenocarcinoma (MC38), human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell lines and show potent cytotoxicity. Additional biological assessments of the mode of action are performed using flow cytometric techniques and fluorescence microscopy. The data obtained reveal a common antiproliferative effect coupled with the induction of caspase‐independent apoptosis and the specific effects of the compound on the phenotype of MC38 cells, resulting in impaired cell viability of MC38 cells and satisfactory selectivity exceeding the antitumor activity of diclofenac
Differential Proneness to Obesity in Two Rat Strains with Diverse Immune Responses
No full textAlthough obesity and metabolic syndrome (comprising at least three of the following
traits—abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, triglycerides and glucose/insulin
resistance, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum) are known to impact
immune system activity, these conditions are often not considered when immune response
characteristics are investigated in various rodent strains. In this work, metabolic syndrome
indices are compared in 3 month-old (young) and 6 month-old (adult) rats of Dark Agouti
(DA) and Albino Oxford (AO) strains, while parameters of coagulation, inflammation
and oxidative stress were determined in young animals. Study reveals that both young
and adult AO rats are obese, intolerant to glucose with higher levels of triglycerides and
lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared to age-matched DA
rats. Parameters of coagulation, inflammation and oxidative stress that may contribute
to the worsening of metabolic syndrome during aging are also higher in young AO rats.
Metabolic syndrome observed in young and intensified in adult AO rats should be taken
into consideration when analyzing alterations in immune reactivity during aging in this
rat strain
Changes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) during aging and fish oil treatment in 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
No full textChanges in cholesterol metabolism and in the uptake of unsaturated fatty acids (DHA) in
the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). High DHA consumption is also associated with reduced risk and lessened AD
pathology, yet the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of these supplements remain elusive. It is
known that DHA is necessary for the survival of photoreceptors, and its uptake, storage and
delivery to photoreceptors is performed by RPE. With aging, the efficiency of RPE in performing
metabolic functions and phagocytosis decreases due to a large amount of oxidative stress. In
addition to regulating transcytosis, MFSD2A was originally recognized as a major DHA
transporter in the eye. In addition to MFSD2A, an important role in DHA transport is played by
Adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1), which participates in maintaining a stable level of DHK in
the eye and is necessary for the proper function of photoreceptors both during development and in
adults.
We examined how aging and the treatment with FO affects the expression of key genes
responsible for the cholesterol metabolism, DHA transporters and proper functioning of the visual
cycle in 5xFAD model of AD. Surprisingly, expression levels of AdipoR1 were significantly higher
than expression levels of Mfsd2a, which could imply that AdipoR1 is the main DHA transporter in
the RPE.
The absence of changes during aging and under FO treatment in 5XFAD could be
explained by the low and unchanged cholesterol levels in 5xFAD.
These findings indicate that the high-dose FO supplementation can be used safely without
having negative effects on cholesterol metabolism gene expression in AD.Marjanović A, Milovanović N, editors. Book of abstracts: Belgrade Neuroscience Next Hub 2025 with international participation; 2025 Feb 27; Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine; 2025. p. 26
LC-MS-based metabolomics for detecting adulteration in Tribulus terrestris-derived dietary supplements
No full textThe widespread usage of Tribulus terrestris dietary supplements has elicited concerns over product authenticity and possible adulteration. This research utilized an untargeted liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) metabolomics methodology to assess the composition of T. terrestris-derived supplements. Authentic plant materials, simulated adulterated samples, and commercial products were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and a convolutional neural network tool. The presence of PDE5 inhibitors and anabolic steroids in spiked samples was confirmed. Certain commercial products included undisclosed green tea and citrus-derived chemicals, likely incorporated to amplify stimulant effects and support testosterone-enhancing claims. Additionally, spirost-4-ene-3,12-dione was recognized as an indicator of possible steroidal saponin decomposition resulting from storage or processing conditions. This study illustrates the efficacy of LC-HRMS metabolomics in detecting supplement adulteration and emphasizes the need for rigorous quality control protocols to guarantee customer safety and product integrity
The level of genomic instability in progression of malignant brain cancer
No full textIntroduction. Astrocytoma and glioblastoma are diffuse malignant brain cancers, characterized as the most agressive and fast-growing types of brain tumors. Glioblastoma IDH wild-type is a primary tumor that develops de novo, while a secondary type is Astrocytoma IDH mutant which progresses from lower grades of brain tumors. Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer characterized by an increased rate of mutations and chromosomal alterations and plays a critical role in cancer initiation and progression.
Materials and methods. We analyzed genomic instability in 78 patients with malignant brain cancer, using AP-PCR (arbitrarily primed PCR) a DNA profiling method. Comparing DNA profiles between tumor tissue and normal tissue (blood) of the same patient, we detected quantitative and qualitative differences. Quantitative differences are detected as changes in the intensity of bands and represent chromosomal instability (CIN), while qualitative changes are detected as the presence and absence of bands and are the manifestation of microsatellite instability (MIN). Associations between genomic instability, represented as the frequency of DNA alterations, type and grade of brain cancer were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s exact test.
Results and discussion. The overall mean values of the frequency of DNA changes for MIN, CIN and total genomic instability are 0.175, 0.170 and 0.344, respectively. Based on the frequency distribution of DNA changes we determined the threshold value for each type of instability based on which the samples were divided into two groups, with high and low frequency of DNA changes. The percentage of high total genomic instability, high MIN and high CIN is 53%, 47%, 41%, respectively. The contribution of qualitative and quantitative changes to the level of genomic instability was almost equal. A statistically significant correlation was found between the level of genomic instability and the types of brain cancer (p=0.017). Low genomic instability is characteristic of Glioblastoma IDH wild-type found in 61% of patients, while high genomic instability is characteristic of Astrocytoma IDH mutant grades 4, 3 and 2, found in 81%, 72% and 60% of patients, respectively. There is also a statistically significant difference in the level of high genomic instability between Astrocytoma IDH mutant grades (p=0.028). Astrocytoma IDH mutant, grade 2 is characterized by a higher level of high genomic instability (0.58), then grade 3 (0.44) and then grade 4 (0.34).
Conclusion. Our results suggest that MIN and CIN contribute equally to total genomic instability. During the progression of Astrocytoma IDH mutant genomic instability decreases, while low genomic instability is characteristic of Glioblastoma IDH wild-type. This all makes genomic instability a good progressive malignant marker.EACR 2025 Congress: Innovative Cancer Science; 2025 Jun 16-19; Lisbon, Portugal. John Wiley and Sons; 2025. p. 747. (Molecular Oncology; Vol. 19; Suppl. 1)