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A kisvárosi, megújuló energiára épülő távhő versenyképességének vizsgálata közgazdasági modellezéssel
No full textA dekarbonizáció egyik fontos területe a fűtési szektor, azon belül is a távfűtés karbonmentes termelésre való átállítása. Kutatásunkban arra keressük a választ, hogy Magyarországon, kisvárosi környezetben megvalósuló, megújuló energiára épülő távhőszolgáltatási rendszer milyen költségszinten lenne képes távhőt szolgáltatni. Ehhez egy általunk készített közgazdasági modellt használunk, amelyet három településre is alkalmaztunk. Elemzésünk unikális abból a szempontból, hogy integráltan vizsgálja a távhőhálózat bővítését és a különböző távhőtermelési technológiákat. A kutatás során megállapítottuk, hogy a megújulók konszolidáltabb gázárak mellett is közel vannak a versenyképességhez; alacsony fogyasztási mennyiség esetében a biomassza, magasabb fogyasztás esetében a geotermia is versenyképes lehet a földgáztüzeléssel szemben. A hőszivattyúk a referenciaesetben csak minimális szinten jelennek meg, ugyanakkor alacsonyabb áramár esetében e technológia jelentős elterjedését figyelhetjük meg: ez elsősorban alacsonyabb távhőfogyasztás esetében érvényesül. A napkollektorparkok egyik forgatókönyvben sem jelennek meg domináns technológiaként, ugyanakkor kis méretben kiegészítő jelleggel működhetnek.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: O21, C6, Q42
Teaching Sociology in Contemporary Hungary
Get PDFOver the past 15 years, Hungary has undergone a series of political transformations that have had a profound impact on higher education. The government has begun to strengthen its loyal right-wing conservative academic regime, which helps to propagate its neo-conservative agenda; it has meanwhile restructured and steadily narrowed the scope of higher education and especially of the social sciences, converting most state universities into public interest trusts and tightening the budget of the few remaining state universities. Some university programmes, such as gender studies, have been banned, and recently there have been serious cuts in publicly funded university places, particularly in the humanities and social sciences. As a result, most sociology lecturers are underpaid and feel the pressure of the government’s hostility to critical social sciences. The move towards internationalization may improve the financial situation, but it further narrows the space for addressing the social problems of local society
Satisfaction of Adolescents Aged 12-14 : The Effect of How They Were Surveyed?
Get PDFThe article investigates satisfaction of Hungarian adolescents aged 12–14, comparing data from a home survey and a school survey. Satisfaction items are measured on a 0–10-point scale. We estimate the effect of survey settings on satisfaction through ordered logit regression analysis. Contrary to potential expectations, the analysis finds that adolescents are not conformists, they express dissatisfaction with school or home matters even if they are interviewed at the respective place the question is focused on, indicating that adolescents are more critical with items contributing to their satisfaction levels that are more strongly related to the survey location. The analysis identified some satisfaction items that seem to be less sensitive to survey effects, thus these might be more reliable indicators of child satisfaction with broader relevance. Our results suggest that social desirability of the answers does not necessarily depend on survey settings
A socially extended business model canvas approach to social enterprises : a systematic literature review
Get PDFSocial enterprises, organizations that aim to achieve the dual goals of solving societal problems while maintaining their financial sustainability, build a bridge between the entrepreneurial world and society. However, their imperfect business models tend to hinder the achievement of their goals. Using a self-developed framework that applies the socially extended business model canvas approach (extending the original concept of business model canvas), this paper provides a systematic literature review of 109 academic papers concerning the success factors of the dual value creation of social enterprises. Based on thematic analysis, the paper argues for the importance of a more conscious and better-focused business model approach to social enterprises. It also highlights current shortcomings and future research directions that may contribute to more effective dual value creation in the field
Playing small, winning big : the contribution of sports to sustainable future climate solutions
Get PDFThis article aims to support sports and sustainability practices and research by describing an investigation of climate-related issues and exploring the sports industry’s capacity to promote climate action. The research involved the construction of a comprehensive sustainability framework for sports and identified components that may function as stages or indices of development in the Degrowth transition. The study describes how backcasting and the Delphi technique were used with a group of stakeholders, including sports and media managers, athletes, fans, academic experts, and federation executives, to explore the sustainability aspects that will influence the future of sports. The findings highlight the significance of balancing sports and technological development, including in the application of self-imposed limitations, while adopting a localized approach to reevaluating the role of sports in combating climate change. The findings underscore differing perspectives about the impact of technological changes and the role elite athletes should play in tackling such urgent challenges
Legitimacy of Labor Market Policy: Public Attitudes Towards Welfare State Responsibility for Job Creation
Get PDFThis article tests a number of hypotheses for explaining the effects of personal and contextual characteristics on attitudes towards the government’s role in job creation. To this end, data from the European Social Survey (ESS4-2008) on 25 European countries are analyzed using a multilevel regression method. The result indicates that Europeans are likely to assign high government responsibility for job provision. Self-interested attitudes toward government responsibility appear to be greater among certain groups holding peripheral labour market status. Sociopolitical ideologies, perceived welfare policy and target group evaluations are also likely to influence attitudes towards government responsibility. On top of that, a set of indicators reflecting self-interest, sociopolitical ideology and evaluative beliefs proved roughly equal amounts of explanatory power that could disclose the tensions in popular attitudes towards labour policy intervention. At the macro level, it is social protection generosity rather than economic context that matters for inter-country divergences in popular attitudes towards employment provisions of welfare states
Practicing Sociology: The Role of Theory in Applied Research
Get PDFThe article argues that a degree in sociology provides an academic qualification rather than a professional qualification, and hence sociology cannot be practiced. The practice of sociology lacks scientific legitimacy and ethical legitimacy. Even though it cannot be practiced, sociology can be applied in the sense that it can be used in various fields. It informs decisions and actions either by using existing sociological knowledge and theories or by generating new knowledge through conducting sociological research. The article highlights that sociologists are taught in universities to conduct fundamental research rather than applied research, and that they conduct fundamental research regardless of context. This article presents the necessity of making a clearer methodological distinction between fundamental and applied research and proposes a clarification of the role theory plays in the latter. It emphasizes the idea that theory is not only not prioritized but is also not even mandatory in applied research
Új korszakot nyit-e a mesterséges intelligencia a dezinformációban? : Az MI szerepének értelmezése a dezinformációs lánc, mint új elméleti keret segítségével
Get PDFA tanulmány a mesterséges intelligencia (MI) és a dezinformáció kapcsolatát vizsgálva arra a kérdésre keresi a választ, hogy új korszakot nyit-e az MI a dezinformációban. A szerző szisztematikus vizsgálatot végez, amihez a dezinformációs láncot, mint új fogalmat vezeti be. Ezt az elméleti keretet használva a tanulmány bemutatja a dezinformáció motivációit, létrehozását, terjesztését, detektálását, befogadását és szélesebb társadalmi hatását, illetve az MI alkalmazását ezekben a lépésekben. Az MI szerepe különösen jelentős a dezinformáció terjesztésében és társadalmi hatásában, míg a generatív MI megjelenése az előzetes várakozások ellenére sem bizonyult meghatározónak a dezinformáció létrehozásában. Ha új, MI indukálta korszakról beszélhetünk, akkor az sokkal inkább köthető a közösségi média algoritmusokhoz és az emberek aktív közreműködésével zajló részvételi propagandához, mintsem a generatív MI-hez. Előbbiek 2016 óta érdemben hozzájárultak egy post-truth korszak kialakulásához. A cikk befejezésében javaslat olvasható a dezinformációs lánc mentén a dezinformáció elleni hathatós fellépésre is. Végül a szerző hitet tesz amellett, hogy a ’nem hihetünk a szemünknek és a fülünknek’ kijelentés ne fatalista hitvallásként, hanem egészséges szkepszisként fogalmazódjon meg, mivel emberi bizalom nélkül nem működhet egyetlen társadalom sem
Doing the ‘donor dance’ : agency in unequal NGO partnerships in Nigeria’s farmer-herder conflict
Get PDFPartnerships between international and local NGOs (INGOs and LNGOs) have often been analyzed using principal-agent theory, where INGOs treat LNGOs as implementing agents and control their actions. The paper examines how LNGOs can improve their agency in these relationships to create more equal partnerships and thus greater local ownership. We propose a framework in which LNGOs can draw on material, organizational and ideational sources of power to improve their agency. The framework is applied to a case of a peacebuilding project in Nigeria’s farmer-herder conflict. The project was run by an INGO in partnership with two Nigerian LNGOs. The LNGOs had rather different experiences of the partnership. The paper argues that these are explained by differences in their organizational power and how this power was enhanced by ideational power. Material power mattered, but did not play a central role. The findings show that LNGOs can enhance their positions in partnerships if they have effective internal policies and procedures, local and contextual knowledge, and can frame these strategically
Informational autocracy at work : Evidence from Hungarian anti-immigration campaigns
Get PDFThe paper examines the transformation of Hungarian popular attitudes on immigration throughout the 2010s, with particular reference to the 2015 European refugee crisis. Using a before-and-after study design combined with a potential outcome framework with Eurobarometer survey data, we analyze pre- and post-crisis shifts and compare Hungary to the broader EU. Our findings show that Hungarian attitudes toward immigrants from non-European backgrounds became significantly more negative during the crisis, diverging from trends observed in the EU as a whole. Conducting large scale anti-immigrant and anti-EU campaigns during and after the crisis, the Hungarian government leveraged the attitudinal change, demonstrated by settlement-level electoral data. Following Guriev and Treisman (2019, 2020), we regard this as ‘informational autocracy’ at work: a democratically elected autocratic government employs broad-based propaganda campaigns to secure popular support