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Az akciótanulás, mint a gazdasági felsőoktatás kihívásaira adható módszertani válasz
Get PDFA felsőoktatási intézmények az innováció és a regionális fejlődés kulcsfontosságú szereplői, ágensei, amelyek most átmeneti periódushoz érkeztek: a régi, bevált gyakorlatok többé már nem, vagy nem úgy működnek, mint korábban, ugyanakkor még nem jelentek meg kiforrott, széles körben alkalmazott új megoldások. A határátlépésnek ezt az időszakát a gazdasági felsőoktatási intézmények két globális kihívása szemszögéből vizsgálják a szerzők (eltömegesedés és digitalizáció), majd az akciótanulást, mint ezekre a kihívásokra adható lehetséges választ mutatják be, amelyet az empirikus irodalmak áttekintésével is alátámasztanak, külön figyelmet fordítva az előnyökre és hátrányokra. Áttekintik, hogy miként jelent és jelenhet meg a tudományos oktatási gyakorlatban a hagyományos, deduktív pedagógiai eljárások alternatívájaként/kiegészítőjeként ez az induktív, kompetenciamegközelítésű eszköz
A cross-country comparison of wine in cultural foreign policy in Portugal and Hungary
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This paper assesses the differences in the use of wine, as a consumed food substance, in the formulation of Portugal and Hungary’s cultural foreign policies between 2010 and 2022. By comparing the degrees of effectiveness of these two traditional wine-making countries’ approaches in shaping their national image, we contribute to the limited literature on wine diplomacy and cultural foreign policy. We highlight the disparities in policies and state organizations responsible for formulating the respective policies. Wine diplomacy enhances international affairs and strengthens political and economic ties, hence its importance in cultural foreign policy.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors apply the concept of soft power and draw on neo-liberal foreign policy theory to conduct research. The paper is a descriptive-analytical study, comprising a theory testing approach through the application of the concept of soft power. It employs content analysis of wine diplomacyliterature, as well as process tracing between the statistical results and the structure of the domestic organizations and their policies.
Findings
Our findings show that an international wine strategy can be utilized as a form of soft power. Furthermore, Portugal produces nearly three times as much wine as Hungary and exports more than twice as much. However, Portugal’s international wine strategy is less developed than the Hungarian one. This fact creates a puzzle that requires further investigation.
Research limitations/implications
Wine is seen as a form of soft power that may enhance a country’s international relations, project a favorable country image, foster cooperation and cultural exchange through events and institutions. In this way, when appropriately utilized, wine can also strengthen political and economic relations.
Originality/value
The paper addresses a gap in the existing literature by applying a mixed-methods approach to the comparison of Portugal and Hungary’s wine foreign policies at the formulation level and presents a novel means for examining wine as a soft power element in international relations
Pandemic policymaking in European populist and liberal democracies : a comparison between Hungary and Portugal
Get PDFThis study compares COVID-19 pandemic policymaking in Hungary and Portugal. These EU member states are similar in most factors that potentially shape the health policy outcome of a pandemic: the level of economic development, the centralization of public administration system and legislature, and the health crisis management preparedness. Yet, the health policy outcome of COVID-19 differs significantly in favour of Portugal. Our expectation is that political factors, in particular distinctive features in pandemic policymaking between populist and liberal democracies may help to explain this difference. To examine the traits of populist pandemic policymaking that may have contributed to worse health policy outcomes in Hungary, we contrast pandemic policymaking in Hungary and Portugal across three dimensions: policy content, policy process, and policy discourse. The empirical analysis covers the period between March 2020 and December 2021, the first four waves of the pandemic in both countries. A main finding is that in Hungary, recurrent polarizing narratives and the lack of collaborative governance may have reduced the government’s capacity for policy learning and successful pandemic management
Az AI-eszközök hatása a programozók munkájára és munkaerőpiaci kilátásaira
Get PDFA mesterséges intelligencia (AI) megoldások jelentős előretörése a szoftveriparban mélyreható változásokat hoz, amelyek nemcsak a munkaerőpiac struktúráját alakítják át, de a programozók munkavégzésének módját és munkaerőpiaci kilátásaikat is jelentősen befolyásolják. Jelen tanulmány a gazdálkodástudomány szemszögéből vizsgálja az AI-megoldások szoftveripari alkalmazásának hatásait, különös tekintettel a programozók munkájára. A kutatás kvantitatív adatok alapján kialakított kérdésekkel mélyinterjús kvalitatív elemzést hajt végre, amely specifikusan a szenior programozók tapasztalataira és perspektíváira összpontosít, ám kifejezett hangsúlyt fektet a junior és szenior szakemberek közti „generációs” problémák kérdéskörére. A cikk átfogó képet kíván nyújtani arról, hogyan befolyásolja az AI a szakemberek szerepét, munkamódszereit és karrierlehetőségeit, és milyen tágabb hatással van a programozók munkaerőpiaci szegmensére
A comparative study of health and wellbeing measures in Ireland using EQ-HWB, EQ-HWB-S, EQ-5D-5L, and ICECAP-A
Get PDFObjectives:
The EQ Health and Wellbeing (EQ-HWB) is a new experimental measure of health and wellbeing, having been validated in an increasing number of countries and languages. This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the EQ-HWB and its short version (EQ-HWB-S) in Ireland and compare them to the EQ-5D-5L and ICECAP-A.
Methods:
A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from a 2023 Irish general population survey (n=1220). The survey included the EQ-HWB, EQ-5D-5L, ICECAP-A, and socioeconomic and health-related questions. EQ-HWB-S responses were derived from the EQHWB. The UK or Irish value sets were used for each measure to compute index values. Ceiling effects, convergent, divergent validity, known-group validity were assessed, exploratory factor analysis was conducted.
Results:
Mean index values were 0.755, 0.760-0.830, and 0.807 for the EQ-HWB-S, EQ-5D5L, and ICECAP-A, respectively. Ceiling effects were 3%, 7%, 23%, and 15% for EQ-HWB, EQ-HWB-S, EQ-5D-5L, and ICECAP-A. EQ-HWB-S index values correlated strongly with EQ-5D-5L (r=0.740-0.759) and ICECAP-A (r=0.604) index values. All measures demonstrated good known-group validity for health-related variables, with EQ-5D-5L performing best overall. Factor analysis identified five factors: psychosocial health, pain and discomfort, sensory and physical functioning, capability wellbeing, and positive psychological states. Stability was the only ICECAP-A item that loaded on the same factor (psychosocial health) as any EQ-HWB items.
Conclusion:
This is the first study to compare the measurement performance of EQ-HWB, EQ-HWB-S with ICECAP-A. The EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S showed good psychometric performance in an Irish population sample. Limited overlap was observed between EQ-HWB and ICECAP-A wellbeing concepts
Interjú prof. dr. Báger Gusztávval
Get PDFBáger Gusztáv, a Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem professzor emeritusának munkássága és kutatásai az évtizedek során széles spektrumot öleltek fel. Gyakorlati eredményeit mindig átültette a tudomány területére is. A Tervhivatal főosztályvezetőjeként és az ENSZ Európai Gazdasági Bizottságának szakértőjeként összetett ökonometriai makrogazdasági modellek fejlesztésért felelt. A Pénzügyminisztérium főosztályvezetőjeként gazdasági reformprogramok kidolgozását vezényelte le. Az Állami Számvevőszék Fejlesztési és Módszertani Intézetének főigazgatójaként aktív szerepet vállalat a korrupcióellenes és az állami szervezeti integritás hazai rendszerének fejlesztésében, és az államháztartási felelősség alakításában
Pushed to the Edge? Entrepreneurs with Disabilities and the Post-socialist Experience of Ableism
Get PDFIn this study, we examine the narratives of Hungarian entrepreneurs with disabilities (EWD) of the post-socialist era, using microhistory. Our research question concerns how ableism appears in the lives of EWD and how the aftermath of socialism emerges in their experience of ableism. We believe that a state-socialist past influences the lives and careers of EWD in a way that is unique in entrepreneurial and disability literature. Drawing on the accounts of 29 Hungarian entrepreneurs, we identified four mechanisms that make post-socialist ableism specific: invisibility; passivity and welfare dependency; the legitimacy of disability organisations; as well as the limitations of economic participation. Our research suggests that these effects, embedded in the current political, social, and economic environment, can only change slowly and over a long time
Morbidity patterns of persons in prisons compared to the general Hungarian population between 2017 and 2019
Get PDFObjectives:
Prison population around the globe tends be among the most marginalized population groups. Many of these persons struggle with numerous health problems, primarily with infectious diseases and mental disorders. Our goal was to analyse morbidity of prisoners compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Study design: Case-control study based on administrative data of healthcare utilisation in Hungary between 2017 and 2019.
Methods:
Patient numbers by ICD-10 chapters and tabulation lists of diagnosis (morbidity groups) were obtained from the government-funded single payer health insurance institute. Convicts were compared to controls matched by age and gender in a 5:1 ratio.
Results:
The leading causes of healthcare utilisation of prisoners compared to controls by ICD-10 chapters were mental and behavioural disorders and external causes of morbidity, but the relative risk of healthcare use due to infectious diseases was not elevated. When investigating data at a more detailed level, that is, by morbidity groups, the relative risk of healthcare utilisation due to 19 out of a total of 299 morbidity groups was significantly, more than 3 times higher among prisoners compared to controls, and the first five highest relative risks were all due to external causes of injury.
Conclusion:
The leading causes of morbidity among persons in prisons based on health care utilisation seems to be somewhat different from morbidity patterns identified by other methods such as clinical interviews, screening or estimations. Causes of health care utilisation both at ICD chapter and morbidity group-level is one of several relevant indicators of the health care needs of prison populations that uncovers the groups of most severe maladies among them. However, other sources of data should also be taken into account for the development of effective preventive and rehabilitative interventions. Follow-up of prisoner patients treated in health care would also be recommended to aid rehabilitation
A Novel AI‐Driven Expert System for Obesity Diagnosis and Personalised Treatment
No full textObesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, underscoring the need for early diagnosis and effective management. This study presents a novel expert system designed to accurately classify obesity levels and provide personalised treatment recommendations. Five machine learning algorithms—decision tree, random forest, multinomial logistic regression (MLR), Naive Bayes, and support vector machine (SVM)—were evaluated using the SEMMA data mining methodology and the tidymodels framework. MLR demonstrated the highest accuracy (97.48%) and was selected as the final model. The system features a user‐friendly interface built with R Shiny, facilitating real‐time interaction and a seamless user experience. Treatment recommendations are generated through if‐then rule‐based logic, ensuring tailored guidance for each obesity category. Comparative analysis highlights the system's superior diagnostic accuracy and practical application in treatment guidance. Its accessibility, particularly in underserved rural populations, enhances public health outcomes by enabling early diagnosis, targeted interventions, and proactive obesity management
Szakmai közösségek fejlesztése fiatalok bevonásával: út az elköteleződéshez a turizmusban
Get PDFA turizmus és a vendéglátás területén kulcsfontosságú a jól képzett munkaerő. Kutatásunk a mentorprogramok mint szakmai közösségek szerepét vizsgálja a fiatal szakemberek szakmai fejlődésében és a pályán való megtartásában. Két fókuszcsoportos interjúra épülve a kutatás feltárja, hogy az élmények, a mentorálás és a közösségi részvétel mely elemei befolyásolják az ágazati elköteleződést. Az eredmények alapján a mentorprogramokban való aktív lét, mely egyfajta hídként jelenik meg a szakmai közösség felé, elősegíti a fiatal szakemberek szakmai integrációját és pozitív attitűdjét a szektor iránt. Az összetartozás érzésének kialakításával ezek a közösségek egyben az érzelmi kötődést is erősítik. A kutatás hasznos iránymutatást ad a munkaerő-fejlesztési stratégiákhoz, valamint hangsúlyozza a mentorálás és a szakmai közösségek fontosságát a jövő kihívásaira felkészült munkaerő kialakításában. Az eredmények hasznosak lehetnek oktatók, ágazati vezetők és döntéshozók számára is