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Exploring awareness, use, and future use of augmented reality as an educational tool from an academic staff perspective in Saudi higher education
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Sporting heritage: what value does it hold?
Get PDFSport has been at the heart of popular culture in Glasgow for over a century. Our relationship with sport as a player or a spectator has the power to stir the heart and mind; it has the power to evoke memories that are often infused with sound, sight, smell and taste; it has the power to unite us. The city’s integral relationship with sport was demonstrated recently when it agreed to host the Commonwealth Games 2026 after Victoria, Australia withdrew due to rising costs. Yet, for an activity that plays such a dominant part of our lives sporting heritage is an area that is just starting to gain interest and further research in the heritage and archaeology sector. The case studies that follow will explore the value of sporting heritage to the citizens of Glasgow. It will investigate the demanding campaign taken by the people of Govanhill when their sporting heritage was under threat; the Edwardian Baths which was the only social and leisure facility in the area was considered too expensive to keep open by the council. Govanhill Baths opened in 1917 became a vital part of the community’s public health system as it was not only a place where working-class people could access washing facilities but also a hub for public swimming and leisure activities. The struggle to preserve their historical sporting structure ensued for over twenty years and is now a symbol of the community’s strong identity and cohesion. The second case study will explore the historical sporting hub of Glasgow Green and the West Boathouse which is located on the banks of the River Clyde within the park. The Green is one of Glasgow’s oldest and most notable spaces regarding sporting heritage and is inherent to the development of many sporting clubs such as football, golf and rowing. Built in 1905, the Edwardian West Boathouse housed the Clyde and Clydesdale Amateur Rowing Clubs, which have both greatly contributed to Glasgow’s legacy in rowing. However, by 2015 the building faced significant structural problems and was in a perilous condition. The significant renovation and upgrade of the building ensured the continuation of rowing on the Clyde as an important social and competitive sport. Additionally, the extensive community engagement programme which ran in conjunction with the restoration encouraged a new audience to re-engage with the river and celebrate the east end of the city’s rich sporting culture and heritage. The final case study follows the rise of skateboarding which was initially an alternative sport in the 1970s and 80s and gained traction as a countercultural movement. Kelvingrove 1978 skatepark played a vital role in this youth subculture as it was a unique space for young skaters to challenge the conventional ideas of sport and recreation through creativity, expression and identity. The skatepark was covered over by 1982, at a time when boarding had taken a dip in popularity however preliminary archaeological investigations are enabling a better understanding of Glasgow’s post-industrial transition. This research will demonstrate the potential for further archaeological exploration of the site to appreciate the creation of new communities and cultural identities in the urban landscape and how public spaces evolved to meet these new societal trends
Human or machine? Exploring how anthropomorphism, performance and social intelligence impact trust in human-AI teams
Get PDFIn an era where Artificial Intelligence is becoming integral to human teams, understanding the role of trust in Human-AI Teams is essential for effective collaboration. This thesis investigates how anthropomorphism, AI system performance, and social intelligence influence trust calibration, team performance, and human perceptions of AI teammates. The research addresses significant gaps in Human-AI Team literature by drawing on interdisciplinary insights from psychology, computing science, and human-computer interaction. The work is structured into six chapters, each contributing to a comprehensive understanding of trust in Human-AI Teams.
Chapter 1 provides a literature review on the dynamics of human-agent teams, trust, and social intelligence. It explores how anthropomorphic design, AI reliability, and social intelligence contribute to trust development, highlighting the limitations of existing theories and the need for a multidisciplinary approach.
Chapter 2 presents a bibliometric analysis of trust research from 1922 to 2021. By analysing 39,628 documents, this chapter identifies key research trends, foundational contributions, and interdisciplinary intersections. The study reveals the evolving nature of trust research and underscores the importance of integrating diverse disciplinary insights to address complex trust dynamics in Human-AI Teams.
Chapter 3 explores the impact of anthropomorphism and AI system reliability on trust and performance in Human-AI Teams. Using experimental methods, it demonstrates that while anthropomorphic design can enhance trust, this effect is contingent on AI reliability. The findings highlight the risks of overtrust when anthropomorphic cues are paired with unreliable AI systems.
Chapter 4 investigates the role of emojis and AI reliability in shaping team performance and trust. Results show that AI teammates using emojis can foster a sense of social connection and trust, but this effect varies based on the system's reliability. The study emphasises the nuanced relationship between social cues and trust calibration.
Chapter 5 examines how social alignment in AI, the ability to adapt behaviour to match human social expectations, affects trust and team behaviours. Findings indicate that AI that demonstrates adaptive social alignment behaviour can benefit trust. However, misaligned social AI can lead to mistrust and reduced performance and has more impactful effects.
Chapter 6 synthesises the key findings, offering conclusions and practical recommendations. The research underscores the importance of calibrated trust, ensuring humans neither over-rely nor under-rely on AI. Effective Human-AI Teams require AI systems that balance anthropomorphic design, transparency, and social intelligence to foster sustainable trust. The chapter highlights the need for ongoing interdisciplinary research and ethical considerations to guide the development of AI teammates.
Overall, this thesis contributes to understanding trust dynamics in Human-AI Teams by demonstrating that successful collaboration hinges on the careful integration of anthropomorphic cues, system reliability, and social intelligence. The findings provide information for designing AI systems that are not only reliable but also socially intelligent, fostering more effective and ethical human-AI Teams
The impact of nutritional therapy on clinical response, the immune system and gut microbiota in patients with Crohn’s disease and healthy adults
No full textAbstract not currently available
Fabrication, integration and simulation: a complete design cycle of polystyrene microfluidic systems using LCD 3D printing and injection moulding
Get PDFMicrofluidics is a rapidly evolving field of science with high potential and growing applications across life science research and industry. By controlling fluidics at the microscale, it achieves faster reaction times, lower sample volumes, and greater analytical power to that of classical techniques. For the past two decades, microfluidic research has relied upon, and thrived with, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the standard material for device fabrication. However, despite its many advantages, replica moulding techniques using PDMS are limited in throughput and automation, which currently encourages the field to transition to more scalable materials, such as thermoplastics. This thesis sets out to develop a novel design cycle for polystyrene-based microfluidic devices, encompassing scalable fabrication, integration and simulation.
A new fabrication protocol was established, using liquid crystals display (LCD)three-dimensional (3D) printing and injection moulding as the two overarching technologies in the development of rapid tooling for polystyrene (PS) microfluidic devices. The dominant process parameters impacting the compatibility, quality, and scalability of the respective procedure were identified and optimized. This way, a protocol was defined, capable of delivering sub 50 µm feature resolution, high optical transparency, and scalable production (≈ 500 parts) of microfluidic devices. Importantly, it also provided a turnaround time from computer-aided design (CAD) to a fully functional device of only ≈ 2 h 30 min, and from CAD to 500 replicas of ≈ 8 h, this way providing unique potential to rapid prototyping and scalable manufacturing.
The functionalization of the respective devices began by exploring different bonding strategies. Thermal fusion was seen as the most promising technique, providing reliable, high-quality seals, for channels and polystyrene membranes, with little to no deformation. Ultrasonic welding was instead seen as extremely efficient in bonding and stretching polyester membranes. Fluidic interfacing was then explored, from which the integration of an injection moulded well plate layer established a standardized interface for both pressure- and gravity-driven fluidics. A protocol for the development of elastic membranes for plug-and-play microvalving was also established by exploring elastomer prepolymer resins using single-layer masked exposure with ultra-violet (UV) light and spin coating. Not only were the physical and mechanical properties of membranes characterized, but also their performance for fluidic switching and dynamic control over concentration gradient generation.
To enhance microfluidic design, in particular with porous membranes, a finite element method (FEM) model was established to study the kinetics of flow and transport as a function of membrane, channel geometry, fluidic and diffusion parameters. By doing so, a comprehensive study was conducted, discretizing the influence of each individual parameter and hierarchizing their impact on fluid flow, shear stress, transient transport and molecular concentration. Based on the provided guidelines, the dominant influence of flow over permeability properties in determining porous transport was found to be especially critical for microfluidic and organ-on-chip (OOC) applications. On chip experiments were performed to validate the respective numerical data by studying the transport of fluorescein and evaluating the effect of Cytochalasin D on cultured cells, as a function of flow and permeability. By doing so, the experimental relevance of the provided numerical data was demonstrated. This was further reiterated by extending the model to investigate the unique kinetics of transport in convection-driven devices with recirculating flow.
Ultimately, this thesis provides a framework for the scalable production of microfluidic and OOC devices, with compatible solutions for microfluidic integration and extensive characterization of microenvironments with porous barriers, in regard to fluid dynamics and transport kinetics
Sustainable cultivation of Limnospira maxima and application in human nutrition through static in vitro digestion models
No full textAbstract not currently available
Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of remote neuropsychological assessments
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Exploring autism: a systematic review of parental coping and qualitative exploration of adolescent experiences of cyberbullying
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Development of novel Acute Myeloid Leukaemia therapy: targeting the leukaemic bone marrow protective niche secretome to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity
Get PDFAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and complex disease that is rapidly proliferative with a high rate of relapse. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is known to be important in chemoresistance in AML, but the exact mechanism is not fully explored. Studies have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) contributes to AML survival. Our previously published data showed that AML blasts are protected from chemotherapy by interaction with the BMME. Investigating cytokines produced by bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) using a co-culture (CC) system showed that IL-6 is present at a significantly higher concentration in CC compared to both liquid culture (LC) and BMSC cultured alone, showing that the interaction of the AML blasts and BMSC produce higher levels of IL-6 than they would in monocultures.
IL-6 is recognised as one of the key cytokines released by BMSC. Numerous studies are investigating its role in enhancing the viability of AML cells. IL-6 triggers the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of STAT3, a transcription factor that regulates various genes associated with proliferation and survival. Moreover, research has identified a STAT-independent pathway involving IL-6. When IL-6 binds to its receptor and the co-receptor gp130, it not only activates the JAK-STAT pathway but also stimulates SRC family kinases.
It was hypothesised that such BMME-mediated chemoresistance is partly owing to cytokines and chemokines secreted by BMSC, the main cellular component of the BMME, such as IL-6, which can promote AML chemoresistance through stimulation of the JAK-STAT and SRC signalling. We aimed to study the prosurvival role of BMSC-secreted cytokines and signalling pathways involved in chemoprotection and how to abolish their effect to improve therapeutic outcomes. Inhibiting both pathways using ruxolitinib, a licensed JAK inhibitor, and dasatinib, a licensed SRCinhibitor, could increase AML sensitivity to standard chemotherapy.
Three core-binding factor AML cell lines (Kasumi-1 and SKNO-1 expressing t(8;21), and ME-1 expressing inv(16)), one non-core binding factor cell line (THP-1), and one human stromal cell line (HS5) were used to investigate AML cell lines and BMSC secretome. ProcartaPlex™ immunoassay with different cytokines was performed on the supernatant of Kasumi-1, ME-1, and THP-1 cell suspension alone and CC (direct contact and transwell) with HS5 cells. Moreover, we assessed the prosurvival role of IL-6, VEGF, HGF, and SDF-1a when combined with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) at its EC50 on the Kasumi-1 cell line using flow cytometry for apoptosis by Annexin / DAPI staining. We found a protective effect of IL-6 treatment when cells were pre-treated with IL-6 before Ara-C treatment in the Kasumi-1 cell line regarding the percentage of late apoptotic cells (Annexin +/ DAPI +), not the percentage of surviving cells (Annexin - / DAPI -). Using Luminex® technology, from 11 cytokines analysed, there were five cytokines (GM-CSF, TNF-a, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18) present at a higher level in CC compared to Kasumi-1, ME-1, THP-1 or HS5 cells cultured alone. IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly increased in CC compared to Kasumi-1 monoculture; GM-CSF, TNF-a and IL-2 were significantly higher in ME-1 CC compared to LC. With THP-1 cells, IL-2 and IL-18 were found to be higher in CC compared to LC.
Using cell lines that showed HS5 chemoprotection, we assessed SRC signalling pathway gene expression such as SRC, YAP, and CYR61 by qPCR in our in vitro CC system. Next, the concentration of dasatinib was determined by western blot.Apoptosis and cell cycle analyses elucidated the effect of CC, with and without dasatinib, on leukaemia cell viability. A significant increase in SRC gene expression (p=0.015, n=4) and total and phospho-SRC protein were observed when ME-1 cells were co-cultured on the HS5 cell line compared to suspension culture. A decrease in AML cell viability by apoptosis assay and an increase in subG1 in cell cycle analysis were noticed when AML cells within the CC system were treated with dasatinib (1nM) and Ara-C at its EC50, in comparison to treatment with Ara-C alone. This indicated that CC conferred protection to AML cells against Ara-C, which dasatinib could partly reverse.
Next, using the Kasumi-1 cell line, JAK-STAT signalling by flow cytometry using phospho-STAT3 (Y705) in our in vitro co-culture (CC) system was assessed either in direct contact or via transwell with Kasumi-1 to investigate the role of cytokines secreted by HS5. Then, the concentration of ruxolitinib required to inhibit pY705was determined. Apoptosis (Annexin / DAPI) and cell cycle analyses (Ki-67 / DAPI)elucidated the effect of CC, with and without ruxolitinib, on leukaemia cell viability.
A significant increase was observed in STAT3 pY705 when Kasumi-1 cells were co-cultured on the HS5 cell line compared to suspension culture (p=0.001, n=5). Treatment in CC with ruxolitinib (0.5µM) significantly reduced Kasumi-1 pY705 (46% inhibition of phosphorylation; p= 0.0023, n=5), proving that ruxolitinib inhibited the CC-induced JAK-STAT signalling. A significant decrease was noticed in AML cell viability by apoptosis assay (p= 0.0026), with a significant increase in subG1 in cell cycle analysis (p=0.0001) when AML cells, within the CC system, were treated with ruxolitinib (0.5µM) and Ara-C in comparison to treatment with Ara-C alone. This indicated that CC conferred protection to AML cells against Ara-C and could be partly reversed by ruxolitinib.
Overall, the BMME has an important role in providing AML chemoresistance through various cytokines secreted; we can confirm that IL-6 may provide chemoprotection for the Kasumi-1 cell line when treated with the standard chemotherapy agent,Ara-C. Targeting signalling pathways could abolish BMSC-mediated chemoresistance; ruxolitinib and dasatinib could serve as adjuvant chemotherapy to Ara-C in AML
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