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Spaces of Anticolonialism: Delhi's Urban Governmentalities
No full textSpaces of Anticolonialism: Delhi's Urban Governmentalities provides a spatial analysis of the anticolonial governmentalities that emerged in the colonial capital of British India. Reading across imperial and nationalist archives, newspapers, memoirs, oral histories, and interviews it exposes the subaltern geographies and struggles which have traditionally been overshadowed by the presence of national leaders in Delhi. It reads the new capital and the old city as one interconnected political landscape and tracks the efforts of the Indian National Congress to mobilise and marshal support for the mass movements of Civil Disobedience (1930-34), Quit India (1942-43), and beyond. This bottom-up analysis, focused on the streets, bazars, neighbourhoods, homes, and undergrounds of the two cities, emphasises the significance of the articulation of physical and political space; it highlights the pioneering role of women in crafting these spaces; and it exposes the micro-techniques that Congress used to encourage Gandhi’s nonviolence. Michel Foucault’s final lectures on parrhesia (courageous speech and actions) are used to analyse these spaces of anticolonialism as coherent governmentalities which were themselves rejected by those who turned to violence in the years before independence in 1947. This volume provides an innovative study of anticolonial geography and a restive history of the capital of contemporary India’s 1.4 billion people
Exploring player cocreation dynamics on the gaming platform: Interplay of goal fulfillments, orchestration actions, and platform affordances
Get PDFUnderstanding player co-creation dynamics on gaming platforms is crucial for fostering engagement and driving innovation in digital marketing. This study investigates these dynamics on the Roblox platform, proposing an integrated framework that connects platform capabilities with player-driven orchestration actions and the pursuit of diverse goals − a model applicable to various digital marketing contexts. We identify three types of gaming platform affordances and three types of developers’ orchestration actions, ultimately shaping co-creation activities in terms of creative and social engagement. Using web crawling and text mining methodologies, we analyze a large, longitudinal dataset from Roblox developers engaged in co-creation projects. We employ three observable metrics to quantify co-creation activities, applying different perspectives including equality-based, effort-based weighted, and specialized measures of creative and social engagement. Our findings confirm the direct effects of platform affordances and orchestration actions on co-creation activities, with post-hoc analyses revealing goal fulfillment as an important antecedent mechanism. To validate our results, we conducted a two-stage survey with 206 experienced Roblox developers, providing additional robustness to our empirical findings. This research advances our understanding of digital co-creation and offers practical implications for designing more engaging and innovative gaming platforms. As gaming and digital marketing converge, particularly in the evolving metaverse landscape, this study underscores the importance of leveraging co-creation dynamics to enhance user engagement and drive platform growth
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin Technologies for Power Converter Control in Transportation Applications: A Review
Get PDFThe rapid electrification across transportation sectors has promoted extensive adoption of electrical power systems. Power electronic converters play a crucial role as components within these systems, enabling efficient and stable system operation through sophisticated control strategies. However, traditional approaches to power converter control often cannot deliver the rapid response and robust control capability in handling nonlinear systems needed in these applications. With the rapid advancement of computational capabilities and various simulation technologies, advanced information technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digital Twin (DT) can significantly enhance control performance by leveraging powerful algorithms and high-fidelity models. AI and DT have been proven to be efficient and reliable tools in addressing these challenges. This review critically examines the application of AI and DT technologies in power converter control for electrical power systems on transportation platforms, analyzing DT models from the perspective of AI algorithms and offering insights for their deeper integration. Finally, the review identifies ongoing challenges and future trends in this field, providing valuable resources for researchers and practitioners involved in developing power converter control of onboard electrical power systems
Primary Liver Cancer Risk and Mortality in Patients With Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis in England and Denmark: Observational Cohort Studies
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALD cirrhosis) have an increased risk of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [iCCA]). England recommends surveillance for HCC in these patients, while Denmark does not.METHODS: We performed an observational cohort study using the English Clinical Practice Research Datalink and the nationwide Danish healthcare registries to identify 17,110 English (2000–2016) and 22,122 Danish (1994–2022) patients with diagnosis codes of ALD cirrhosis. We computed and compared incidence rates and cumulative incidence of primary liver cancer, annual ultrasound scan rates, and mortality following diagnosis of primary liver cancer.RESULTS: The overall risk of primary liver cancer was similar in England and Denmark: 5-year risk was 2.24% (95% confidence interval 2.00–2.49) in England (iCCA 0.07%, HCC 2.16%) and 2.36% (2.15–2.57) in Denmark (iCCA 0.05%, HCC 2.30%). The annual rate of ultrasound scans per person was 0.65 (0.63–0.67) in England and 0.44 (0.42–0.46) in Denmark. The 1-year mortality after a diagnosis of primary liver cancer was 59.2% (54.4–64.0) in England and 60.9% (57.4–64.4) in Denmark. The 3-year risks of HCC in those on vs off surveillance in England were 2.3% (1.0–4.6) vs 1.5% (1.0–2.2).DISCUSSION: The risk of primary liver cancer was the same in English and Danish patients with ALD cirrhosis, and HCCs constituted 97% of primary liver cancers. Mortality with primary liver cancer was equally high in both countries. Notably, in England, where guidance recommends biannual HCC surveillance with ultrasound, patients with ALD cirrhosis were undergoing fewer than 1 ultrasound scan per year
Systematic review and meta-analysis:relative age in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFYoungest students in their class, with birthdates just before the school entry cut-off date, are overrepresented among children receiving an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis or medication for this. This is known as the relative age effect. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the evidence on the influence of relative age on ADHD symptoms, diagnosis and medication prescribing. As no review to date has investigated the association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, this is also examined. Following prospective registration with PROSPERO, we conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Cochrane Library. Additional references were identified from manual search of retrieved reviews. We performed a meta-analysis of quantitative data. Thirty-two studies were included, thirty-one investigated ADHD and two ASD. Younger relative age was associated with ADHD diagnosis and medication, with relative risks of 1.38 (1.36–1.52 95% CI) and 1.28 (1.21–1.36 95% CI) respectively. However, risk estimates exhibited high heterogeneity. A relative age effect was observed for teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms but not for parent ratings. With regard to ASD, the youngest children in their school year were more likely to be diagnosed with ASD. This review confirms a relative age effect for ADHD diagnosis and prescribed ADHD medication and suggests that differences in teacher and parent ratings might contribute to this. Further research is needed on the possible association with ASD
Computer Vision for Substrate Detection in High-Throughput Biomaterial Screens Using Bright-Field Microscopy
Get PDFHigh-throughput screening (HTS) can be used when ab initio information is unavailable for rational design of new materials, generating data on properties such as chemistry and topography that control cell behavior. Biomaterial screens are typically fabricated as microarrays or “chips,” seeded with the cell type of interest, then phenotyped using immunocytochemistry and high-content imaging, generating vast quantities of image data. Typically, analysis is only performed on fluorescent cell images as it is relatively simple to automate through intensity thresholding of cellular features. Automated analysis of bright-field images is rarely performed as it presents an automation challenge as segmentation thresholds that work in all images cannot be defined. This limits the biological insight as cell response cannot be correlated to specifics of the biomaterial feature (e.g., shape, size) as these features are not visible on fluorescence images. Computer Vision aims to digitize tasks humans do by sight, such as identify objects by their shape. Herein, two case studies demonstrate how open-source approaches, (region-based convolutional neural network and algorithmic [OpenCV]), can be integrated into cell-biomaterial HTS analysis to automate bright-field segmentation across thousands of images, allowing rapid, spatial definition of biomaterial features during cell analysis for the first time
‘Can women have it all?’ Transitions in media representations of Jacinda Ardern’s leadership and identity by a global newsroom
Get PDFThe paper examines changing media representations of Jacinda Ardern, former Aotearoa New Zealand Prime Minister, from the global broadcaster, BBC News Online, across three key milestones in the politician’s career: her appointment, re-election and resignation. Our socio-semantic analysis of this representation demonstrates how the media intersect her professional identity with age, gender, social class, and later, her identity as a mother. Whilst earlier coverage of Ardern’s career praises her successfully reconciling these aspects of her personal, social and professional identities, later coverage implies that ‘having it all’ was never really possible longer term. We argue that the visibility of this discourse, and the focus on intersectional aspects of Ardern’s personal and social identities, leads to her resignation being positively evaluated as her ‘finally’ succumbing and committing to the ‘natural’ inevitabilities of heterosexual family life. The article considers what such representation means for Ardern and women politicians and leaders more broadly, and contextualises these findings in relation to existing research on media representations of women in politics and leadership. Finally, we also consider the value of a more longitudinal approach to tracking the cumulative effects of the representation of social actors and groups
Stratified distributional analysis—a novel perspective on RT distributions
Get PDFAbstractResponse times and their distributions serve as a powerful lens into cognitive processes. We present a novel statistical methodology called stratified distributional analysis (SDA) to quantitatively assess how key determinants of response times (word frequency and length) shape their distributions. Taking advantage of the availability of millions of lexical decision response times in the English Lexicon Project and the British Lexicon Project, we made important advances into the theoretical issue of linking response times and word frequency by analysing RT distributions as a function of word frequency and word length. We tested these distributions against the lognormal, Wald, and gamma distributions and three measures of word occurrence (word form frequencies obtained from subtitles and contextual diversity as operationalised as discourse contextual diversity and user contextual diversity). We found that the RT distributions were best described by a lognormal distribution across both megastudies when word occurrence was quantified by a contextual diversity measure. The link between the lognormal distribution and its generative process highlights the power of SDA in elucidating mechanisms that govern the generation of RTs through the fitting of probability distributions. Using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, SDA yielded posterior distributions for the distributional parameters at the single-participant level, enabling probabilistic predictions of response times as a function of word frequency and word length, which has the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool to uncover idiosyncratic features of word processing. Crucially, while we applied our parsimonious methodology to lexical decision response times, it is applicable to a variety of tasks such as word-naming and eye-tracking data
Comparative judgement modelling to map forced marriage at local levels
Get PDFForcing someone into marriage against their will is a violation of their human rights. In 2021, the county of Nottinghamshire, UK, launched a strategy to tackle forced marriage and violence against women and girls. We set out to map the risk of forced marriage across the county to support the strategy and enable the development of local interventions. However, there was no centralised database for forced marriage in the county and carrying out a survey using standard survey methods was unlikely to produce robust results due to the hidden nature of this crime. Comparative judgement provides a survey design that can map the risk of forced marriage through pair-wise comparisons. Current comparative judgement models require studies to have a large number of participants, so we developed a more flexible spatial modelling structure and a mechanism to schedule comparisons more effectively. The proposed modelling structure reduced the data collection burden and made a comparative judgement study feasible with a small number of participants. Underpinning this structure is a latent variable representation that improves on the scalability of inferential procedures of previous comparative judgement models. We used these methods to map the risk of forced marriage across Nottinghamshire, thereby supporting the county’s strategy for tackling violence against women and girls
Running uphill: A comparative analysis of the gender gap in campaign financing
No full textWomen are not a demographic minority, but they certainly are a minority in politics. Most legislative bodies across the world are still overwhelmingly male. Female candidates cite lack of resources as one of the main deterrents to run. Using data on candidates encompassing twenty-eight elections in sixteen countries between 2006 and 2017, we examine the role of electoral institutions, partisanship and candidates’ political profile in mitigating – or aggravating – the gender resource gap. We find that female candidates systematically avail of significantly lower campaign budgets. This is true across different electoral systems and on the left as well as on the right. The gap is larger in size among incumbents. It is also wider in parties that use voluntary quotas and put forward more female candidates. Moreover, the budget composition of male and female candidates varies considerably. Male candidates tend to use higher proportions of their own resources, while female candidates rely on proportionally higher party contributions, that are, however, smaller in size
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