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Current Harmonic Mitigation and Voltage Utilization Improvement of Heavy Duty Dual Three-Phase IPMSM Based on Direct Duty Cycle Modulated Model Predictive Control
Get PDFDual three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (DTP-IPMSMs) are gaining increasing research interests due to improved control flexibility over the three-phase counterparts. With the aim of promoting this motor topology for heavy duty traction applications, this article deals with two critical and coupled aspects of DTP-IPMSM drive systems, i.e., current harmonic mitigation and voltage utilization improvement. A direct duty cycle modulated model predictive control method for hundreds-kW industrial level DTP-IPMSMs with strong magnetic nonlinearity is presented in this article. The proposed control approach adopts enhanced mathematical model by incorporating load-dependent harmonic flux linkages. This enables accurate prediction and compensation of dominant voltage harmonic components, which contributes to significantly reduced subspace harmonic currents compared to conventional methods. Moreover, a novel direct duty cycle modulation strategy with a proposed four-dimensional voltage space partitioning concept is implemented to improve DC-link voltage utilization compared with existing four-vector modulation. Experimental validation on a 450 N·m, 2000 r/min DTP-IPMSM prototype demonstrates superior control performance with total harmonic distortion (THD) of current limited to 2.25 %. The voltage modulation index for α – β subspace is experimentally pushed to 1.171. Overall, the proposed control approach is validated capable of extending output power range of DTP-IPMSMs
Online information available to women and families about antenatal education
Get PDFBACKGROUND. There is a gap in the evidence available about current antenatal education provision, content and organisation, including any innovative or targeted approaches, both online and face to face, in the UK, Italy and the Netherlands. Given its potential role, antenatal education requires higher prioritisation in research and contemporary maternity services.AIM AND OBJECTIVE. To map online information available to women and families about antenatal education provision in England, Italy and the Netherlands, with the objective to inform future antenatal care service provision.METHODS. A scoping review following Julia Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology has been undertaken. The search strategy aimed to locate relevant web pages reporting statutory and non-statutoryantenatal education provision in England, the Netherlands and Italy. The search was conducted in April 2023.FINDINGS. A total of 1230 sources of evidence was identified (344 for England; 382 for Italy; 504 for the Netherlands), including 725 maternity services web pages (188 for England; 329 for Italy;208 for the Netherlands) and 505 web pages from other providers (156 for England; 53 for Italy; 296 for the Netherlands). Five themes were identified in which to present results: 1) information availability; 2) access; 3) target population; 4) organisational aspects; 5) content.CONCLUSION. The mapping of antenatal education provision advertised online in England, the Netherlands and Italy has highlighted heterogeneous practices and lack of information about what is available at national, regional and local levels, reflecting disparities between provision and recommendations.RECOMMENDATIONS. Developments are required to improve information about and offer of antenatal education. Some points for further consideration are dissemination of clear, comprehensive andaccessible information; provision of classes that are welcoming, inclusive and accessible; evidence-based understanding of the most effective content for antenatal classes
CONSORT-Children and Adolescents (CONSORT-C) 2026 extension statement: enhancing the reporting and impact of paediatric randomised trials
Get PDF•Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in children and adolescents provide evidence for patients, families, researchers, clinicians, regulators, funders, policymakers, and other interest holders to inform decisions about healthcare interventions and improve outcomes for young patients and their families•The new CONSORT-Children and Adolescents (CONSORT-C) 2026 guideline is an extension to the updated Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2025 statement and adds reporting items applicable to paediatric RCT reports involving children and adolescents aged 0-19 years•Developed in partnership with young people (aged 10-24 years) and family caregivers, CONSORT-C 2026 comprises 13 new items recommended to be reported in paediatric RCT reports in addition to the CONSORT 2025 items•CONSORT-C 2026 intends to facilitate comprehensive reporting, enhancing the transparency, reproducibility, accuracy, and utility of published paediatric RCT report
CONSORT-Children and Adolescents (CONSORT-C) 2026 extension statement: enhancing the reporting and impact of paediatric randomised trials
Get PDFAppropriately designed, conducted, and reported randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in children and adolescents inform treatment and health-care decisions made by young people, families, researchers, clinicians, regulators, funders, policy makers, and other interest holders. To critically evaluate, interpret, and apply trial results, readers require access to a complete and transparent report of what was planned, done, and found, taking unique considerations specific to children and adolescents into account. Harmonised guidance based on evidence and consensus is needed to optimise standardised reporting and reduce research waste in paediatric RCTs. As an extension to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2025 statement, the CONSORT-Children and Adolescents (CONSORT-C) 2026 reporting guideline aims to improve the quality and completeness of reporting of paediatric RCTs that involve participants aged 0–19 years. The Enhancing the Quality of Transparency of Health Research (EQUATOR) Network's published framework primarily informed the development of CONSORT-C 2026. A literature review was conducted to generate a list of candidate reporting items. To obtain direct input from young people and family caregivers throughout the project, a Youth Advisory Group and a Family Caregiver Advisory Group were formed. An international Delphi study with a priori consensus thresholds, consensus meeting, group writing of the explanation and elaboration paper, and pilot testing were conducted. CONSORT-C 2026 consists of a checklist with 13 new reporting items, including one youth-generated and six youth-endorsed items; the accompanying explanation and elaboration paper explains all items and offers examples of good reporting. CONSORT-C 2026 can be considered a minimum set of reporting items applicable to paediatric RCT reports reflecting the priorities of clinicians, researchers, young people, family caregivers, and other interest holders. Widespread implementation and uptake of CONSORT-C 2026 should optimise the usability of trial results for these populations, improve the reproducibility of trial results, and reduce research waste
ग्राम आपदा प्रबंधन योजना गाँव बेला,जिला कच्छ, राज्य गुजरात, भारत
Get PDF"बेला ग्राम आपदा प्रबंधन योजना” अनुसंधान परियोजना *‘एप्लिकेबिलिटी एंड स्केलेबिलिटी ऑफ अ सस्टेनेबल री-कंस्ट्रक्शन फ्रेमवर्क फॉर सिजमिक-प्रोन हेरीटेज एरियास ऑफ गुजरात, इंडिया’(जिसे 3डी फॉर हेरीटेज इंडिया – फेज 3 भी कहा जाता है) के अंतर्गत विकसित की गई है। यह परियोजना गुजरात राज्य के भूकंप संभावित क्षेत्रों के लिए एक सतत पुनर्निर्माण ढांचा तैयार करने के उद्देश्य से आरंभ की गई थी। पूर्ववर्ती दो चरणों में उन्नत अभिलेखीय तकनीकों जैसे 3डी लेज़र स्कैनिंग, ड्रोन सर्वेक्षण, और साक्षात्कार (इंटरव्यूज़)के माध्यम से आधारभूत आंकड़े संकलित किए गए थे।इस योजना का उद्देश्य प्राकृतिक एवं मानव-सृजित आपदाओं के प्रति ग्राम समुदाय की सक्षमता (रिज़िलियेंस) को सुदृढ़ बनाना है।इसके अंतर्गत जोखिमों की पहचान, संवेदनशीलता में कमी, प्रभावी प्रतिक्रिया और शीघ्र पुनर्वास सुनिश्चित किया जाए, साथ ही सांस्कृतिक विरासत के संरक्षण को सतत पुनर्निर्माण का अभिन्न अंग माना जाए
Quantifying the Impact of Oil Palm Plantations on Channel Shading in Malaysian Rivers Using Drone-Based Structure From Motion Photogrammetry
Get PDFRiver ecosystems in tropical Asia are increasingly threatened by climate and land-use change. The proliferation of oil palm plantations is thought to exacerbate climate change-driven stream temperature increases through the removal of bankside tree shading. As such, there are concerns that rising water temperatures could severely affect sensitive river organisms. Despite this, research investigating how the conversion of native tropical forest to oil palm plantations impacts stream shading has been limited. River scientists and plantation managers therefore currently lack the evidence needed to develop appropriate riparian management strategies. To address this knowledge gap, we present the results of a drone-based study quantifying differences in stream shading generated under three different tropical forest canopy treatments: native dipterocarp forest, disturbed forest and oil palm plantation. Working in the Langat River watershed, Malaysia, we generated Structure from Motion point clouds of riparian forest cover for these three treatments and used the resulting data to measure tree height and canopy density at each site. We then input these data into the shading routines of the Heat Source stream temperature model, generating values of effective shade and view-to-sky (VTS) along a 500?m stream reach at each site. Our results showed that both the disturbed and particularly oil palm treatments generate significantly lower effective shade (~17% and ~6%, respectively) than the native tropical forest treatment (~28%). We subsequently investigated the interaction between shade and channel width under each canopy treatment by developing an algorithm that iteratively removed pixels along the river's centreline, allowing us to calculate shading in progressively narrower channels while retaining identical riparian forest structure. While the native and disturbed forest treatments showed a strong effect of channel width on the magnitude of shade provided to the stream, the shading provided by oil palms exhibited almost no variation with width; instead, it was consistently low, with the shading offered even to very narrow channels (5?m wide) being lower than that afforded by native forests to the widest (25?m) streams. This study is the first to apply these methods to assess shading in tropical streams and highlights the significant loss of shading when native forest is replaced with oil palm. These changes may elevate stream temperatures, with cascading effects on aquatic biodiversity. Our findings emphasise the importance of retaining a buffer of natural forest along the riparian zone of streams within oil palm landscapes
Influence of the spectral energy distribution of reionization-era sources on the Lyman-α forest
Get PDFInterpreting Lyman-α forest properties during the epoch of reionization requires assumptions about the spectral energy distribution (SED) of ionizing sources. These are often simplified to blackbody or power-law spectra, potentially overlooking contributions from high-energy processes. In this work, we investigate how different SED models of reionization-era sources shape the thermal and ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) and imprint on the Ly α forest during the late stages of reionization. We perform 3D radiative transfer simulations with crash, post-processed on Sherwood-type hydrodynamical outputs, exploring both physically motivated SEDs i.e. SED including X-ray binaries, Bremsstrahlung from shock-heated interstellar medium, and binary stars, and idealized blackbody and power-law spectra. While the large-scale morphology of ionized regions is broadly similar across all models, harder spectral components extend partially ionized zones, produce larger He iii regions, and heat the surrounding IGM. By adopting simplified spectra there is the risk of underestimating the contribution of high-energy sources, which for most models we consider are found to alter the effective optical depth, the flux power, and the local transmissivity within the current ∼1σ measurement uncertainties. The differences across models are most pronounced in the behaviour of the proximity zone and in the power at intermediate scales, offering the most promising diagnostics to disentangle source populations. With upcoming high-precision measurements from ELT and DESI, realistic SED modelling will be essential for robustly connecting Ly α forest observations to the sources driving the end of reionization
The database of peptide medications for human deep-space missions demonstrates the potential for on-demand “Astropharmacy”
Get PDFWith the advent of long-duration lunar and Martian space missions, health risks will increase significantly as astronauts will be exposed to prolonged periods of reduced gravity, elevated radiation levels, celestial dust, and isolated environments that may interfere with psychological health and sleep. Astronauts will increasingly rely on pharmaceutical intervention to mitigate these health risks, particularly drugs targeted to treat spaceflight-induced medical conditions such as bone loss, cytopenias, and other degenerative conditions secondary to radiation exposure and immune system dysfunction. Many of these are biologic drugs, and peptide and protein pharmaceuticals are particularly unstable, with limited shelf life (∼6 months) even with refrigeration, which is inadequate for a 2+-year mission to Mars and back. In addition to reduced drug stability in space, there are mass/volume constraints, uncertainty regarding how much—if any—of the drugs will be needed, and severely limited re-supply opportunities. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified the need to establish a drug formulary for long-duration space missions, along with a process to ensure that medications remain efficacious during flight. To address these challenges, we aim to develop an “Astropharmacy,” a compact platform that uses engineered microbes to produce small doses of biologics on demand, either in transit or at space destinations that may be far from Earth. To assess the potential for this Astropharmacy, we have compiled a database of peptide and protein drugs that may be needed to mitigate the health risks during long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars that are well-suited for production by the Astropharmacy system. The compiled database acts as a guide for drugs that could be produced using the Astropharmacy system. Importantly, the database can also serve as a valuable resource for flight surgeons and the medical community on Earth, particularly those providing care in resource-limited environments, along with researchers studying biologic drug development
Facilitating a complex behaviour-change intervention: healthcare professionals’ accounts of their journeys to competence and confidence
Get PDFBackground: Interest is growing in whether healthcare professionals from a range of backgrounds can deliver complex behaviour-change interventions effectively. Thus, as part of a wider evaluation of ‘REDUCE,’ a novel, person-centred, cognitive behavioural intervention targeting the self-care behaviours of individuals with a history of diabetic foot ulcers, we explored whether, how, and why, a diverse group of healthcare professionals developed a sense of competence and confidence as facilitators of behaviour change. Our aim was to generate insights to support the recruitment, training, development and retention of appropriately skilled personnel for this and similar behaviour change-oriented interventions going forward. Methods: We interviewed 15 healthcare professionals who had been appointed and trained to deliver the REDUCE intervention in the context of a randomised controlled trial. We analysed the resulting data thematically. Results: Our interviewees described diverse backgrounds, routes into the programme, and motivations, and similarly variegated journeys towards competence and confidence as facilitators. They observed how training provided a solid foundation on which to build, but that subsequent learning – substantially self-directed – also played an important part in their development. Interviewees emphasised the particular contributions of experiential learning and reflective practice, noting the key roles that supervision and group support played in the latter, and highlighting how such arrangements helped them to learn from, rather than be derailed by, challenging cases and interactions. Finally, interviewees talked of the returns and rewards of engaging with the REDUCE programme, and how they had benefited both professionally and personally from investing in their own development as facilitators of behaviour change. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals involved with this behaviour-change intervention were not passive recipients of training and support. Instead, they were self-directed learners who invested actively in their own development. To enable facilitators to reach their full potential, their agency needs to be recognised and interventions organised in ways which enable them to access appropriate experience and support. Clinical trial number: Not applicable (the manuscript reports on a qualitative study)
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining Sex Differences in Mental Rotation Ability
Get PDFHistorical research has previously described sex differences in mental rotation ability. Here, we sought to determine whether such sex differences still exist via a systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the University of Nottingham’s Library database, Google Scholar and PubMed, all studies investigating sex differences in mental rotation since 2010 were considered. Existing meta-analyses, along with studies that did not compare both males’ and females’ biological sex, used stated mental rotation tests (MRT) and did not make the full text available, were excluded. The systematic review identified 41 relevant studies, and a meta-analysis was carried out on 59 effect sizes from this sample. Analysis found that males performed better than females in mental rotation tasks, and the effect size (d = 0.60, 95% CI [0.54 to 0.67]) was of a similar magnitude to prior meta-analyses. Subgroup analysis also confirmed that the MRT produced the greatest effect size. An Eggers test reported no evidence of publication bias; however, there was significant heterogeneity within the research data. Overall, these results are consistent with previous research; however, raise questions as to why the MRT elicits significantly greater effect sizes than other mental rotation assessments
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