47011 research outputs found
Sort by
Does maternal migration affect spousal labour market decisions? Evidence from Sri Lanka
Full text linkThis paper examines Sri Lankan men's labor market outcomes when their wives emigrate to work, leaving the husbands and their children at home in Sri Lanka - the effects of maternal migration on the husbands' labor market decisions. We used nationally representative cross-sectional data and historical migration rates at the community level as an instrument for maternal migration in two-stage least squares estimations. We find that maternal migration reduces the husbands' labor supply. Husbands are more likely to exit the labor market and become unemployed; the employed are less likely to moonlight and have lower wages, and those that exit the labor market are more likely to become stay-at-home dads. Using a second instrument, an indicator of whether a community has foreign-employment agencies, we also confirmed our main results. Our findings indicate that policies that aim to promote female migration as an exogenous income source may fall short if they do not address the effects of the husbands' labor market decisions
The Role of Processed Electroencephalography in the Detection and Management of Acute Cerebral Ischemia: A Scoping Review
Full text linkProcessed electroencephalography (pEEG) is increasingly used to titrate the depth of anesthesia. Whether such intra-procedural pEEG monitoring can offer additional information on cerebral perfusion or acute focal or global cerebral ischemia is unknown. This scoping review aimed to provide a narrative analysis of the current literature reporting the potential role of pEEG in adults with acute cerebral ischemia. In keeping with the scoping review methodology, a broad search strategy was defined, including descriptions of encephalography in acute ischemic stroke, carotid endarterectomy, cardiac surgery, and cardiac arrest. Additional screening of citations was conducted by 2 independent assessors. From 310 records, 28 full-text articles met inclusion criteria. Most identified studies were observational in design, and described the diagnostic ability of pEEG to identify cerebral hypoperfusion or its prognostic sensitivity after stroke or carotid surgery. No studies were identified that evaluated pEEG in the specific setting of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Low sensitivity associations between pEEG indices and cerebral blood flow were highlighted, which may be influenced by cerebral autoregulatory thresholds. Despite the associations reported in observational studies, this review identified significant uncertainty in the role of pEEG during cerebral ischemia. There is a paucity of high-level observational (cohort or case-control) or randomized trial research examining the possible role of pEEG for the detection and management of cerebral ischemia during acute stroke, including during endovascular therapy, or in other common scenarios of acute cerebral ischemia
The Limits of Limited Commitment
No full textWe study limited strategic leadership. A collection of subsets covering the leader's action space determines her commitment opportunities. We characterize the outcomes resulting from all possible commitment structures of this kind. If the commitment structure is an interval partition, then the leader's payoff is bounded by her Stackelberg and Cournot payoffs. Under general commitment structures the leader may obtain a payoff that is less than her lowest Cournot payoff. We apply our results to a textbook duopoly model and characterize the commitment structures leading to consumer-and producer-optimal outcomes
Generative AI for Supporting Cultural Learning and Reflection: A Study on Technology User Acceptance
No full textThis study examines user acceptance of generative AI in cultural heritage contexts through a Reflection Story Generator deployed at an interactive exhibition in Malacca, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Using the AI Technology Acceptance Model (AI-TAM), the research combined survey responses from 121 participants with semi-structured interviews involving 34 participants. Results indicate that trust significantly enhances perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU), both of which strongly shape user attitudes. A positive attitude, in turn, emerges as the strongest predictor of behavioral intention to use the AI tool. These findings underscore the critical role of trust and usability in the adoption of generative AI for cultural learning and reflection. The study highlights the importance of trust in AI systems for cultural education and highlights the need for developers to focus on creating user-friendly, trustworthy AI technologies
Indolequinone inhibitors of NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2. Further structure-activity relationships
Full text linkAn improved route to the indolequinone pharmacophore is described based on the reaction of bromobenzoquinones with enamines. Through the implementation of small changes in the reaction conditions, the reaction conditions were much improved with quantities of copper salt, base, and acetonitrile solvent all reduced compared with the original method. The resulting indolequinone-3-carboxylates were subsequently converted into novel indolequinones as potential inhibitors of the quinone reductase enzyme NQO2. A number of potent, mechanism-based inhibitors were identified, increasing our understanding of structure-activity relationships for inhibition of this enzyme
Attention Utility: Evidence from Individual Investors
No full textWe study attention utility, the hedonic pleasure or pain derived purely from paying attention to information, which differs from the news utility that arises from gaining new information. The main, field, study examines brokerage account login data to show that investors pay disproportionate attention to already-known positive information on their stocks. Through its effect on logins, this selective attention affects their trading activity. Three experimental studies then show that (1) investors are more likely to engage in a paid task that will involve attention to a prior investment if that investment has gained value; (2) paying attention to a winning stock is more motivating than a doubling of monetary incentives; and that (3) attention has value independent of information acquisitio
Precision in the air: A lightweight, cost-effective, CFD-assisted method for occupant localization and demand-based airflow control in crowded indoor spaces
No full textImproving occupant comfort while reducing energy use is a key challenge in buildings. In this context, zonal demand-controlled ventilation with demand-based airflow offers an energy-efficient alternative to conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. However, achieving effective airflow distribution requires knowing occupant positions. To address this, this study proposes a lightweight, low-cost, and localized occupancy positioning method to support occupant-aware airflow control in indoor environments. For this, an occupancy detection model based on You Only Look Once version 12 nano (YOLOv12n) was trained for dense environments and deployed on an NVIDIA Jetson using RGB and stereo cameras. Camera calibration ensured accurate localization, with reprojection errors (0.1103 pixels for RGB; 0.0932 pixels for stereo) well below the 0.2 pixels benchmark for precision. Localization experiments across meeting, office, and seminar spaces showed the stereo camera achieved higher accuracy (3.43% and 2.21% relative error along the X and Z axes), while the RGB camera performed acceptably at distances below 4 m (5.98% and 2.87% error) as a cost-effective solution. Both demonstrated robust performance under occupant movement, occlusions, and varying lighting conditions. To assess thermal comfort, computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to identify optimal fan speeds and diffuser angles that ensure air mixing and reduce draft discomfort. Best-and least-performing configurations, adjusted based on occupant localization results, were validated through a survey involving nine participants in the same room used for the localization experiments. Results showed that demand-based airflow reduced negative thermal sensation feedback by 29.6%. This study demonstrates that vision-based positioning enables effective airflow control
Bridging the gap: manager support for workers with chronic pain
No full textChronic or persistent pain - such as back pain, headache and arthritis - affects a significant portion of the UK workforce and can limit their ability to work effectively. Line managers are often the first point of employee contact for support and act as a gatekeeper for support services such as occupational health. This perspective highlights the urgent need for tools to empower line managers to consistently support employees with chronic pain and suggests a digital solution based on the Pain-at-Work Toolkit
Ergotropic characterization of continuous-variable entanglement
Full text linkContinuous-variable quantum thermodynamics in the Gaussian regime provides a promising framework for investigating the energetic role of quantum correlations, particularly in optical systems. In this Letter, we introduce an entropy-free criterion for entanglement detection in bipartite Gaussian states, rooted in a distinct thermodynamic quantity: ergotropy—the maximum extractable work via unitary operations. By defining the “relative ergotropic gap,” which quantifies the disparity between global and local ergotropy, we derive two independent analytical bounds that distinguish entangled from separable states. These bounds coincide for a broad class of quantum states, making the criterion both necessary and sufficient in such cases. Unlike entropy-based measures, our ergotropic approach captures fundamentally different aspects of quantum correlations and entanglement, particularly in mixed continuous-variable systems. We also extend our analysis beyond the Gaussian regime to certain non-Gaussian states and observe that Gaussian ergotropy continues to reflect thermodynamic signatures in entangled states, albeit with some limitations. These findings establish a direct operational link between entanglement and energy storage, offering an experimentally accessible approach to entanglement detection in continuous-variable optical platforms
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇