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British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on inflammatory bowel disease in adults: 2025
Get PDFIn response to recent advancements in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) Clinical Services and Standards Committee (CSSC) has commissioned the BSG IBD section to update its guidelines, last revised in 2019. These updated guidelines aim to complement the IBD standards and promote the use of the national primary care diagnostic pathway for lower gastrointestinal symptoms to enhance diagnostic accuracy and timeliness. Formulated through a systematic and transparent process, this document reflects a consensus of best practices based on current evidence. The guideline, while developed primarily for the UK, is structured to support IBD management internationally. It is endorsed by the BSG executive board and CSSC without external commercial funding, with involvement primarily supported through professional roles in public institutions and the National Health Service (NHS). Methodological revisions since the prior guidelines have enhanced rigor in technical review and development, with methodology details published independently following peer review. In developing the recommendations, 89 clinical experts and stakeholders participated in an online survey, identifying primary outcomes, such as clinical and endoscopic remission, as well as adverse event metrics, all stratified by clinically relevant effect sizes. These guidelines are intended to support clinical decision-making but are not prescriptive, recognizing that individual clinical scenarios may warrant tailored approaches. Further research may inform future revisions as new evidence emerges
360-Degree Videos in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends and Emerging Topics
No full textThis bibliometric analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the use of 360-degree video in healthcare, identifying key research trends and emerging topics in this field. Data was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed, and analyses were performed using the Biblioshiny package. Network visualization was conducted using VOSviewer. A total of 272 studies on 360-degree video were included in the analysis. The number of publications has shown a consistent upward trend from 2009 to 2024. Most publications (n = 234) were articles, indicating a maturing field. Institutions in North America and Germany lead the list of top affiliations. Research areas reflect interdisciplinary use of 360-video in healthcare, led by computer science (20.2%), followed by education (14.3%), healthcare sciences (10.7%), psychology (10.3%), and nursing (8.1%), demonstrating broad applicability across sectors. Recent emerging topics, such as empathy, stress, and well-being, indicate a growing research interest in the holistic aspects of healthcare interventions, particularly the psychological and emotional dimensions. Additionally, the concept of “presence” has gained increasing attention, reflecting its psychological and emotional impact. The findings suggest that further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of interactive learning and user engagement in 360-degree video experiences
The content of Recovery College courses in England: a 71 college document analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Recovery Colleges (RCs) exist in 28 countries and across five continents. The concept of recovery and recovery-oriented care has become widespread internationally and embedded in policy documentation and mental health services. As a result, Recovery Colleges, which focus on adult learning and co-production, have now developed a global presence, but many psychiatrists are unfamiliar with this intervention. RCs can be categorized as ‘Strengths Oriented’, focusing on skills and knowledge development, or ‘Community-oriented’, emphasizing strengthening community and social connections. Research has not sufficiently investigated RC curriculum and how course provision differs depending on RC orientation. The study aimed to develop a typology of RC courses and assess differences in course types across RC orientations.Method: A document analysis was conducted. The websites of 88 RCs in England were searched to collect online prospectuses. Overall, 2,330 courses described in 551 documents from 71 RCs were collated. Inductive content analysis was applied to the course titles to develop a typology of courses offered. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess differences in the median number of course types offered by Strengths-Oriented versus Community-Oriented colleges.Results: A typology of 14 superordinate course categories was created. The three most common course categories were Self-management of Well-being (96% RCs ≥1 course, median 10 courses per RC), Mental Health Conditions and Symptoms (85% RCs ≥1 course, 4 courses per RC), and Creativity (86% RCs ≥1 course, 3 courses per RC). The least common course categories included Issues relating to the Extended Support Network and Issues relating to Staff (38% RCs ≥1 course, 0 courses per RC) (6% RCs ≥1 course, 0 courses per RC). The median number of courses did not differ between Strengths-oriented versus Community-oriented RCs, with the exception of more Practical Life Skills (p=0.021) and Involvement, Co-production and Research (p=0.036) courses in Strengths-oriented RCs.Conclusions: RCs support mental health recovery through a diverse curriculum. Community-facing and strengths-based, health service-affiliated RCs offer similar courses. RCs prioritize equipping students with knowledge about living with mental health issues. Courses targeted to informal carers are lacking. Further cross-cultural extension of the typology is needed
Mobilising the food system concept: unpacking debates and applications
Get PDFThe food system concept has become the ‘go-to’ framework to galvanise discussion and bring together academics, policymakers and industry stakeholders to debate changes needed in how our food is grown, made, sold, eaten and governed. The concept is not new, but the paper shows a resurgence in application across science and social science in recent years. What is lacking, however, is more critical analysis as to why this concept is increasingly mobilised and what it offers agri-food scholarship going forward. Inspired by Jackson et al’s (2006) analysis of the food commodity chain as ‘chaotic concept’, this paper undertakes a critical review of the peer-reviewed, English language literature on food system(s) nationally in the UK and internationally. The analysis begins with a review of food system scholarship to explain concept origins and key features of systems thinking. The second part examines uptake in the wider literature. This spans 1987-2024 and reviews trends from Scopus and Web of Knowledge, followed by a structured review of social science articles for two case studies concerning respectively ‘food system transformation and crisis’ (process-based) and ‘food system and the urban’ (place-based). The analysis reveals a pattern of bi-polarisation: the first mobilises the food system as a heurist framing in contrast to the second more systemic framing. The former dominates the material reviewed. The paper argues that recognising not only different mobilisations but also the dominance of heuristic food system uses is important, given its prominence to support changes in the governance and politics of food
Reporting verbs and perception of femininity/masculinity in Harry Potter’s Hermione: A reader-response study of characterisation
Get PDFThis study explores the relationship between reporting verbs and characterisation. It adopts a reader-response approach to test whether reporting verbs have an effect on readers’ perception of a character. Using data collected through a questionnaire, we investigate readers’ perceptions of Hermione’s feminine and masculine traits in a set of extracts from J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows. Two versions of the questionnaire are used; they both present the same passages but in the original version Hermione’s speech is reported with stereotypically gendered verbs like shrieked, screamed, and squealed, while in the manipulated version the more general option said is employed. The comparative analysis of ratings for feminine and masculine traits shows whether the type of reporting verb used influences readers’ perception of femininity and masculinity in Hermione. This study offers two interconnected contributions: first, it provides some empirical evidence on the role of textual features — reporting verbs more specifically — in the characterisation process; second, it sheds some light on the potential of reporting verbs to influence gender representation as perceived by real readers. While doing so, this paper also adds to the critical discussion of Harry Potter more generally, contributing with data-based insights to the highly debated issue of gender representation in the novels
The Effectiveness of a Cover-Copy-Compare App for Developing Secondary School Students’ Mathematical Procedural Fluency with Straight-Line Graphs
Get PDFCover-copy-compare (CCC) is a simple, self-managed process that enables students to develop fluency in important facts and procedures through modelling, practice and corrective feedback. CCC has been studied at primary-school-level mathematics, but not with the complex, multi-step kinds of procedures used at secondary school (age 11 and above). This paper reports on a randomised controlled trial involving 224 students (ages 14–16) comparing a novel CCC app to a non-CCC app. Both apps used similar technological environments to teach students how to find the equation of a straight line given two points. We found that students using the CCC app improved their procedural fluency more than those completing standard exercises did. We conclude that CCC has the potential to be used in secondary education and offer suggestions for future research
Thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in shales via sequential high-pressure hydrous pyrolysis: Implications for in-situ conversion of unconventional resource
Get PDFUnderstanding kerogen transformation under geological conditions is critical for optimizing the in-situ conversion (ISC) process of organic-rich unconventional resources. Sequential high-pressure hydrous pyrolysis was employed to investigate the geological thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation mechanisms of organic matter in immature Huadian (Type II 1 kerogen) and Fushun (Type I kerogen) shales. Experiments progressed through four thermal stages, that is Stage 1 (350 • C, 6 h), Stage 2 (350 • C, 24 h), Stage 3 (380 • C, 24 h), and Stage 4 (420 • C, 24 h), with comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon products by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry and solid residues by vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The results revealed that the hydrocarbon-generation potential of these two shales declined sharply with a Ro of 0.78-1.23 %, correlating with peak oil generation. Type I kerogen (Fushun) exhibited higher reactivity, generating twice the cumulative oil yield (normalized by TOC) compared to Type II 1 (Huadian) and transitioning earlier to oil dominance. Biomarker evolution (OEP decline, sterane/hopane isomerization) in expelled oil and declining gas dryness index (C 1 /ΣC 1-C 5) correlated strongly with the maturity of organic matter, enabling non-destructive ISC monitoring. Compared to typical temperatures used in ex-situ retorting (520 • C), the kerogen conversion was completed at lower temperatures of 350-420 • C in this study, validating prolonged heating as a viable low-energy ISC strategy. However, high-pressure conditions in geological formations may impede hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, leading to the retention of viscous bitumen and thus necessitating engineered solutions for effective oil recovery. This research enriches the understanding of high-pressure pyrolysis mechanisms of immature/low-maturity unconventional resources and establishes a geochemical framework for optimizing ISC in recovering the oil from these source rocks, ultimately contributing to advancing sustainable exploitation of unconventional resources
Building awareness: Introducing education about blood-product donation in the school curriculum
Get PDFSimulated charcoalification of Lycopodium spores: The usefulness of spore colour and chemistry for understanding the fossil record
Get PDFThe fossil pollen and spore (sporomorph) record includes occurrences of darkened grains typically attributed to thermal maturation from geological processes. However, zones of sporomorph darkening and colour variability within samples sometimes coincide with mass extinction events. Although bimodal sporomorph coloration is relatively common, its abundance often increases markedly during such intervals. These observations have prompted alternative explanatory hypotheses suggesting either environmental stresses on parent plants or possibly reworking of sporomorphs. Here, we propose another explanation: variation in sporomorph colour and darkness may result from combustion in wildfires during large-scale ecological disturbances prior to fossilisation. To test this hypothesis, we investigate how pyrolysis might impact Lycopodium spore colour and darkness. Untreated, intact spores were combusted at temperature increments from 150 to 800 °C. We quantified spore colour by measuring red, green and blue (RGB) intensities and by converting them to Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) values. As well as measuring various physical attributes, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine spore chemistry. As pyrolysis temperature increased, spores darkened, lost mass, and shrank. FTIR analysis revealed three distinct chemical states between non-pyrolysed spores and those heated to 375 °C. Physical changes correlated more strongly with temperature, forming different groupings than those of the chemical data, both partially explaining colour change due to pyrolysis. With these data, we establish a baseline for comparison in a future artificial thermal maturation study, which will help determine whether pre-diagenetic combustion could influence, and be preserved in, the physical and chemical properties of fossil sporomorphs
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