47011 research outputs found
Sort by
Ring-shaped atom-trap lattices using multipole dressing fields
Get PDFWe present a method for the creation of closed-loop lattices for ultra-cold atoms using dressed potentials. We analytically describe the generation of trap lattices that are state-dependent, with dynamically controlled lattice depths and positioning. In a design akin to a synchronous motor, the potentials arise from the combination of a static, ring-shaped quadrupole field and multipole radio-frequency fields. Our technique relies solely on static and radio-frequency (rf) magnetic fields, enabling the creation of robust atom traps with simple control via rf amplitudes and phases. Potential applications of our scheme span the range from quantum many-body simulations to guided Sagnac interferometers
Examining support marshalling within an asynchronous online peer support forum for individuals affected by dementia
No full textOnline support communities may provide individuals affected by dementia opportunities for reciprocal peer support, however, the support marshalling strategies employed and their success remain unclear. Analysis of 100 randomly selected conversation threads from the Dementia Support Forum indicated that 29% (29/100) of opening posts included a direct support marshalling strategy (i.e. explicit support request) compared with 54% (54/100) labelled as indirect, with the remainder not seeking support. Within the direct marshalling posts, informational support was the most frequently requested (n = 23), followed by network support (n = 7), emotional support (n = 5) and esteem support (n = 1) with analysis of subsequent posts confirming that the types of support requested were present within responses. Regardless of whether a direct or indirect strategy was used, most posts received a response, typically on the same day. Other response facets were comparable, apart from thread duration with conversations elicited through a direct strategy being longer (M = 39.71 vs 14.62 days)
Frances Duberly: a failed Crimean heroine?
Get PDFFrances Duberly aimed to address a nation enraptured by the Crimean War (1853–1856) in her 1855 Journal Kept During the Russian War. Travelling with her officer husband and living amongst the army for two years, she wrote as a self-professed authority on the conflict and constructed herself as a ‘Crimean heroine’. Duberly attempted to secure her own sense of belonging, which existed in tension with many contemporary social standards, by presenting the publication of her Journal as a patriotic act and constructing herself in terms of an extension of the soldiers’ heroism. However, that patriotic display proved fragile and problematic in the face of a competing narrative of feminine heroism, constructed around Florence Nightingale, which dominated the public consciousness
Maximizing charging/discharging capabilities of horizontal shell-and-tube latent heat storage systems with innovative curved fin inserts
Get PDFInherent fluctuations in the availability of energy from renewables, remain a substantial drawback to their widespread deployment worldwide which can be solved by energy storage solution. Energy storage can also help to bridge the mismatch between the energy supply and demand by storing the excess and/or off-peak energy. This study introduces curved fin inserts as another effective enhancer for the thermal performance of the shell-and-tube latent heat storage module with RT35 as the key phase-change material (PCM) component. Various fin curvature angles are explored using enthalpy-based numerical simulations. Their effects are quantified on the PCM liquid fraction, average PCM temperature, melting/solidifying durations, and energy storage/removal rates. During melting at inlet temperatures of 50–70 °C, fins considerably enhance the thermal response of PCM. Curved fins with a 180° curvature angle yield the fastest melting, reducing time by 145.7 % compared to straight fins. Higher HTF and PCM initial temperatures also accelerate melting. For solidification with heat transfer fluid (HTF) at 10–30 °C, curved fins boost rates up to 395.3 % over non-fin cases. Optimized designs cut solidification duration by 79.8 % at lower HTF temperatures. Results demonstrate curved fins maximize charging and discharging rates up to 542.7 % and 467.0 %, respectively. Energy densities improve by 556.3 % against non-finned baselines. The outcomes provide important insights into the designing of efficient PCM-based storage components through the proper employment of tailored fin geometries
A multi-scale uncertainty quantification model encompassing minimum-size unit cells for effective properties of plain woven composites
Get PDFThe uncertainty quantification is crucial to the high-precision prediction of composites’ effective properties. However, the unclear input uncertainties of multiscale parameters, complex uncertainty propagations of inter-scale correlations, and unaffordable computational cost of massive simulations are three primary problems at present. In this work, an innovative model with high accuracy and feasible cost for the mechanical property prediction of plain woven composites is developed encompassing minimum-size unit cells and multi-scale uncertainty quantification. For the accuracy holding, an uncertainty analysis process consists of the traceability description, inter-scale propagation and quantification is established. The uncertainties of geometry are described by uniform distributions for fiber, fiber bundle and composite scales, respectively; that of constituent properties is described by normal distributions for fiber and matrix, and its propagations to bundle and composite scales are realized by Nataf transformation methods with the consideration of parameter correlations. For the cost control, minimum-size unit cells are formulated by exhaustive analysis of structural symmetries to reduce the computational cost without accuracy compromising for the single simulation, and 1/8 and 1/16 unit cells compared with traditional full-size ones are obtained. The evolution convergence for statistical uncertainties of effective properties is finally obtained with totally reduced computational cost of 89%
The Role of AI Feedback in University Students’ Learning Experiences: An Exploration Grounded in Activity Theory
Get PDFThis study employs Engeström’s second-generation activity theory (AT) to examine the transformative potential of Generative AI (GenAI) in providing formative feedback in higher education. Specifically, this research focuses on the experiences of fifty students with generic and calibrated GenAI feedback in a graduate program in the US. Through the analysis of participants’ multimodal views and textual reflections after their experiences with these two types of AI reviews, we uncover the role that the AI reviewer played in the peer and AI review activity system of which students were part. The examination of the semiotic elements embedded in the participants’ artifacts points to clear opinion differences in connection with the effectiveness and role of generic and calibrated AI feedback in the review activity system. The results show that while the generic AI reviewer was deemed an imperfect, limited tool, its calibrated counterpart was welcomed by students for its effectiveness and was even regarded by some participants as a new member of the community of practice within the activity system. Based on the findings resulting from this investigation, we suggest effective strategies for AI-human collaboration in higher education, aiming to enhance teaching and learning practices through advanced AI applications
Contesting monuments: Heritage and historical geographies of inequality, an introduction
Get PDFThis paper introduces a virtual special issue that explores how monuments have been contested in the past and how they continue to be so in the present. A survey of papers published in this journal from the 1990s to the early-2000s demonstrates an ongoing and rich interest in the interconnections between nationalism, landscape and ritual, with some emphasis on resistance but little sense of the contemporary lives of these historic monuments. Broader geographical scholarship in the mid-2000s evidenced the memory boom that was taking place across the discipline, beyond historical geography. A second survey of papers in this journal, published from 2012 to 2021, evidences a richer engagement with post-colonial, post-Soviet and post-slavery periods and perspectives, and with a broader range of sites beyond Europe and North America. More recent scholarship has focused on participatory geography, calls for statues to fall, and for more experimental, non-representational methods. This introduction concludes by summarising the papers in this special issue and reflecting on the relationships between monuments and contestation that they create, namely: monuments to contestation; the historic contestation of monuments; and the ongoing contestation of monuments as heritage spaces (attacks and felling, retaining and explaining, re-using, creating counter-monuments, artistically re-symbolising and re-imagining monuments, and contestatory scholarship)
Anchor carbon dots inside NH2-MIL-88B via ship-in-a-bottle strategy for dual signal enhancement in colorimetric-fluorescent sensors
Get PDFThe increase in oxytetracycline (OTC) pollution has become a significant risk to ecological stability and human health because of excessive use. Therefore, developing a precise and reliable sensor for trace OTC detection is critical. In this work, a dual-mode sensor of colorimetric-fluorescent (CL-FL) with dual signal-on was developed for OTC detection. Firstly, a novel carbon dots encapsulating in cavities of MOFs composite (CDs@NH2-MIL-88B) was constructed by the ship-in-a-bottle approach, which enhanced peroxidase-like activity and fluorescent intensity. Further, combining with surface molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), the dual-mode sensor was constructed to develop selectivity (CDs@NH2-MIL-88B@rMIP). Finally, the dual signal enhancement mechanism of the sensor comes from the interaction between OTC and identifying binding site involving strong hydrogen bonding and metal complexation from imprinted cavity and CDs@NH2-MIL-88B, respectively. The prepared sensor has a linear detection range of 1.00 × 10−9 - 1.00 × 10−5 M with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.47 × 10−10 M for the CL mode and a detection range of 1.00 × 10−11 −1.00 × 10−7 M with the LOD of 1.84 × 10−12 M for the FL mode. Meanwhile, the sensor shows high sensitivity, accuracy and reliability in OTC detection. Overall, this work provides a promising CL-FL dual-mode sensing systems with signal-on in the detection of antibiotics and other hazardous pollutants
Application of the horse grimace scale in horses with dental disease: Preliminary findings
Get PDFBackgroundDental disease is a common but often under-recognised condition in horses, possibly due to an inability to recognise clinical signs of oral discomfort. Some dental disorders are reportedly more painful than others, but there is no current metric by which dental pain can be objectively assessed. This study aimed to determine whether a facial expression-based pain scale offered an objective and reliable method for assessing dental pain in horses. It was hypothesised that dental disorders affecting the periodontium would produce high pain scores.MethodsTwelve horses with dental disease were evaluated for pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and a horse grimace scale (HGS) by blinded observers using still, lateral photographs.ResultsInterobserver reliability was poor across all observers when both the NRS (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.36) and the HGS (ICC = 0.27) were used in horses with dental disease. The highest mean scores were given for horses with equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) and periodontal disease (PD).LimitationsThis study has a small sample size of both horses and questionnaire respondents, and the respondent demographics are not representative of the wider veterinary population Furthermore, no positive or negative controls were used for the pain scoring.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate the unreliability of tools designed for identifying acute pain for assessing chronic pain, such as dental pain. A more dental-specific ethogram is required to accurately identify dental pain in horses. Both the NRS and HGS produced the highest mean scores for EOTRH and PD, supporting existing literature that these conditions are associated with more obvious signs of pain
Exploring how parasocial intergroup contact with transgender influencers on TikTok reduces transgender conspiracy beliefs
Get PDFAs harmful conspiracy beliefs against transgender people are becoming increasingly popular, three experiments examined how cisgender people's contact with transgender individuals might reduce these beliefs. In Study 1a (N = 222), positive parasocial contact with transgender creators on TikTok (vs. no contact) was found to increase perspective-taking, which was associated with lower transgender conspiracy beliefs when controlling for frequency of contact and prejudice. Study 1b (N = 302) replicated this effect when controlling for frequency of contact. Study 2 (N = 220) aimed to manipulate perspective-taking. Contrary to predictions, asking participants to actively perspective-take (vs. no perspective-taking) did not increase perspective-taking (manipulation check) or reduce conspiracy beliefs. However, as all the studies measured participants’ frequency of positive and negative contact with transgender people, we pooled the data to explore whether these forms of contact were also linked with perspective-taking and conspiracy beliefs (combined N = 743). A positive relationship between frequency of positive contact with transgender people and perspective-taking was found, which was then associated with lower transgender conspiracy beliefs when controlling for prejudice and experimental conditions. Our findings underscore the potential of positive contact, including via TikTok, to foster perspective-taking, which may mitigate conspiracy beliefs against transgender people
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇