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Experiencing the future mundane: configuring design fiction as breaching experiment
Get PDFThis paper introduces a novel methodological approach for surfacing the acceptability and adoption challenges that confront future and emerging technologies from the perspective of mundane action, in which they will ultimately be embedded and used. This novel approach configures design fiction as a breaching experiment to surface taken for granted background expectancies that are fateful for acceptability and adoption. We explain the logic of this new interdisciplinary method and present a concrete case to demonstrate its viability: a design fiction called Experiencing the Future Mundane (EFM), which depicts a future world in which watching TV is driven by smart adaptive media. We explicate the design of the EFM, how it was configured to breach common sense knowledge and surface taken for granted background expectancies concerning how watching TV works and is expected to work, the acceptability and adoption challenges that emerge from user engagement with the experience, and how this novel approach may be adopted more broadly
Effects of the Floating Capacitor Voltage on the Torque-Speed Characteristic of an Open-End Winding Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive
Get PDFThis manuscript investigates the torque-speed characteristics of a synchronous reluctance motor drive with an open-end winding (OEW) configuration. The machine is powered by standard two-level voltage source inverters (VSI), one supplied by a DC power source while the other connected to a floating capacitor (FC). The analysis considers the flux maps of a synchronous reluctance motor identified through experiments to account for the effect of the self-and cross-saturation phenomenon. The study reveals that the dual-inverter (DI) configuration with a FC can significantly extend the constant torque speed range and achieve unity power factor. In addition, the analysis demonstrates that the torque in the constant power speed range can be noticeably increased compared to the standard single-inverter (SI) configuration. With the full model of the OEW drive plant, the FC voltage can be purposefully selected to modify the drive torque speed characteristic to benefit the specific application. The advantages of the investigated synchronous drive architecture have been experimentally validated in different operating conditions with a purposely built set-up
Explainable GNN-derived structure–property relationships in interstitial-alloy materials
Get PDFThis study presents a novel approach to understanding the structure–property relationships in non-stoichiometric materials and interstitial alloys using graph neural networks (GNNs). Specifically, we apply the crystal graph convolutional network (CGCNet) to predict the properties of transition-metal carbides, Mo2C and Ti2C, and introduce the crystal graph explainer (CGExplainer) enabling model interpretability. CGCNet outperforms traditional human-derived interatomic potential models (IAPs) in prediction accuracy and data efficiency, with significant improvements in the ability to extrapolate properties to larger supercells. Additionally, the CGExplainer tool enables detailed analysis of the relative spatial positioning of atomic ensembles, revealing key atomic arrangements that govern material properties. This work highlights the potential of GNN-based approaches for rapidly discovering complex structure–property relationships and accelerating the design of materials with customized properties, particularly for alloys with variable atomic compositions. Our methodology offers a robust framework for future materials discovery, extending the applicability of GNNs to a broader range of materials systems
Management of relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma: A British Society for Haematology Guideline
No full textTime to progression is the strongest predictor of outcome in relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Second-line treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is recommended for patients with progression within 12 months of first-line chemoimmunotherapy. In patients with late relapse, platinum-based chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue is recommended. In second relapse, CAR T-cell or CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody therapy is recommended in eligible patients. Other treatment options are available for less fit patients. Specific recommendations are made on diagnostic immunohistochemistry, bendamustine use and bridging to CAR T-cell therapy
Preventing kidney injury using carbon dioxide (KID trial): trial protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) commonly coexists with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with symptomatic PAD often require endovascular revascularisation to relieve pain or salvage limbs. However, the iodinated intra-arterial contrast routinely used in these procedures is nephrotoxic, placing patients with CKD at increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and long-term renal decline. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) delivered via automated injection is a potential alternative imaging contrast medium. This trial will evaluate whether using CO₂ instead of iodinated contrast reduces the risk of AKI and short-term renal function decline in this high-risk group. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, open-label, prospective randomised controlled trial across six secondary-care National Health Service (NHS) vascular surgery centres. A total of 174 patients with PAD and CKD undergoing endovascular intervention will be randomised 1:1 to receive iodinated contrast (standard of care) or CO₂ via automated injector (Angiodroid). All perioperative care will follow local NHS protocols.The primary outcome is log serum creatinine at 2, 30 and 90 days postprocedure. Key secondary outcomes include: incidence and severity of AKI within 48 hours postprocedure, major adverse kidney events (death, dialysis or >25% estimated glomerular filtration rate decline) by 90 days, inpatient length of stay, procedural pain, quality of life, procedural success, reinterventions, acceptability and feasibility (patient/practitioner questionnaires) of using CO2, and cost-effectiveness (healthcare resource use analysis). A mixed-methods process evaluation will be undertaken with patients and clinicians. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has been approved by an NHS ethical review committee (24/WA/0332) and patients have been involved in trial design. Findings will be disseminated to participants, clinicians and the wider public through patient groups, lay summaries, social media, conferences, peer-reviewed journals and NHS policy channels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN23564393
‘Co-Production Is Caring’: Young People's Reflections on Responsible and Dialogic Co-Production in Youth Mental Health
Get PDFBackground: While co-production is increasingly emphasised in youth mental health research, few studies have explored how young people themselves conceptualise and evaluate responsible and dialogic co-production. Understanding young people's perspectives is essential to ensure that participation is meaningful and protective, rather than tokenistic or exploitative. This paper offers a retrospective reflection on a 3-year UK youth mental health programme that embedded youth involvement and co-production from the outset, at multiple levels (research participation, advisory and leadership). Objective: This study examines how young people involved in a UK youth mental health research articulate, from their own perspective, what counts as ‘meaningful co-production’, centring its responsible, relational and dialogic dimensions. Design: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis was undertaken, applying Reflexive Thematic Analysis to explore patterns and meanings in participant accounts. Setting and Participants: Data comprised responses from five young people (three females and two males; M = 21 years, SD = 2.74) via an online open-ended survey, and a focus group with eight young people (seven females and one male; M = 25.63 years, SD = 3.03). All participants had lived experience and were under 24 years old when they began their involvement in the youth mental health research programme on which this study is based. Results: Two central themes emerged: (1) ‘We just want to be cared about’: Co-production is caring and (2) ‘Please, show up as a person, not as a “researcher”’: Co-production as a dialogic process. Young people emphasised that meaningful co-production, in youth mental health, is relational and affective (i.e., rooted in emotional care, mutual respect, flexibility and dialogue) and that the living experience of mental health is continuous and demands sensitivity. Discussion: These insights challenge procedural or ritualistic approaches to participation. Instead, they foreground care, reflexivity, power sharing and researcher presence as ethical prerequisites of co-production. The results align with Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) principles, highlighting the need to embed structural supports for emotional safety and relational engagement from the outset. Conclusions: Meaningful co-production in youth mental health research requires embedding relational ethics into design and practice, ensuring young people are engaged as whole persons and partners. This model moves beyond procedural inclusion towards genuinely participatory research. Patient or Public Contribution: Young people with lived experience co-designed the study materials, co-facilitated the focus group, contributed to the interpretation and co-authored the manuscript—ensuring that their perspectives are central to the study. Young people with lived experience of mental health were central to this study. Members of the programme's Young People's Advisory Group (YPAG) contributed to the design of the survey and focus group materials, ensuring they were youth-friendly and relevant. Two YPAG members co-facilitated the focus group alongside the first author, actively shaping the data collection process. Their insights and perspectives also informed the interpretation of the data, particularly in refining how themes captured relational and dialogic aspects of co-production. Additionally, these two YPAG members are co-authors of the manuscript, contributing to the conceptual framing, reflexivity and clarity of the results, ensuring that the work authentically reflects youth perspectives
Language and LGBTQ+ Youth: Analysing Marginalised Identities through an Intersectional Lens
No full textThis book takes a queer linguistic and intersectional approach to the analysis of young LGBTQ+ people's identity constructions, showing how their language use reveals their marginalisation in society.The author develops a framework for an intersectional sociocultural linguistics (ISL) and applies it to linguistic ethnography with members of four LGBTQ+ youth groups in the UK. She shows how the young people's identities are informed by different intersecting categories (including race, class, and family situation) which influence their unique life experiences. She uses discourse analysis to explore the links between such intersections and the ways in which the young people position themselves in relation to each other, their youth group, and the wider world.In focusing on these individual, varied identity constructions, the book provides a unique, in-depth insight into the reality of being young and LGBTQ+ today. It also reveals the need for an intersectional approach when analysing marginalised groups
Bovine adipose mitochondrial adaptation and a potential lactate–ketone toggle in early lactation
Get PDFThe periparturient period creates an intense energy demand due to the onset of lactation, which requires substantial glucose for milk synthesis, particularly in high producing cows, contributing to a high incidence of postpartum metabolic disease. We explored the transcriptomic adaptation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT), with a specific focus on metabolic gene networks and the mitochondrial component. Mitochondria coordinate cellular energy dynamics by linking the oxidation of nutrients to ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, their role in postpartum metabolic disease is not clear. We therefore re-analysed a longitudinal RNA-seq dataset of subcutaneous AT from 12 healthy multiparous Holstein cows, sampled pre-calving and at two early-lactation time-points, to explore mitochondrial pathways. This analysis revealed downregulation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), encoding components of the electron transport system and OXPHOS, in the postpartum phase, concurrent with a shift to DEGs associated with glycolysis. Given the observed glycolytic shift, an analysis of plasma lactate during the periparturient period was undertaken, to explore how this glycolysis-derived substrate fluctuates in this altered metabolic state. A postpartum decline in plasma lactate, alongside rising β-hydroxybutyrate, was further demonstrated in clinical ketotic cows, revealing a potential metabolic toggle between lactate and ketones; aligning with the concept that fuel sources will alter depending on redox and metabolic conditions. This supports the emerging view that ketones are not merely pathological markers but may serve as adaptive metabolic signals, warranting further investigation into their role in dairy cow metabolism. Further understanding of how mitochondria function during this energy-intensive postpartum phase of the dairy cow, may help elucidate how adipose tissue contributes to metabolic resilience or perturbation during early lactation
Impact of m6A modification and transcript quantity on mRNA composition in plant stress granules under hypoxia
Get PDFStress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic structures that appear in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. The mechanisms governing the accumulation of transcripts in SGs are only partially understood, and despite the recognized role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in plant transcriptome regulation, its impact on SG composition and assembly remains unknown. In Lupinus angustifolius, SGs display a distinctive bi-zonal structure comprising of a ring and a central area with differences in their ultrastructure and composition. Following a transcriptome analysis, specific mRNAs were chosen to investigate their localization within SGs and to assess m6A levels. Transcripts of hypoxia-responsive genes (ADH1 and HUP7) showed significantly lower levels of m6A compared to housekeeping genes, but only ADH1 was absent in SGs. HUP7 mRNA, characterized by a low quantity of m6A, was present both in the SGs and the cytoplasm, probably due to an extremely high expression level. The m6A modification was observed only during the assembly of SGs. In mutants of Arabidopsis with reduced levels of m6A, ECT2 (a reader of m6A) was not observed in SGs, and poly(A) RNA levels and the number of SGs were reduced. Our findings thus demonstrate a limited impact of m6A modification on SG assembly; however, the interplay between m6A modification and the overall transcript quantity in the cytoplasm appears to play a regulatory role in mRNA partitioning and assembly of SGs
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