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Trajectory of Hematoma Growth and Functional Recovery after Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Latent Class Analysis of Blood Pressure in Acute Stroke Collaboration Data
Get PDFIntroduction: Moderate blood pressure (BP) reduction reduces hematoma growth, but this has not been shown to translate into improved functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to define patient profiles according to hematoma growth and functional recovery patterns, and explore the prognostic factors of the patterns. Methods: Analysis of the Blood Pressure in Acute Stroke Collaboration (BASC) dataset involved randomized controlled trials of early BP lowering in acute ICH. Latent class analysis was used to identify patient profiles by hematoma volume change from baseline to 24 h on outcome trajectories. Clinical outcomes include functional outcomes measured according to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and serious adverse events at follow-up (usually 90 days). Generalized linear mixed models were used with adjustment of source trial as a random effect for clustering to identify the prognostic factors. Results: Among 6,221 participants from BASC, 2,450 patients (mean age 64.1 + 13.1 years, female 36.7%) were included. Baseline hematoma volumes (mL) were 6.8, 13.2, 27.1, and 59.2, respectively, for each class identified by patient profiles: no growth with favorable outcome (52.1%, median growth 0.2 [IQR -0.4 to 1.1] mL, median mRS 2 [IQR 1 to 2]), mild growth with disability (32.6%, 0.8 [-0.8 to 4.6] mL, mRS 4 [4 to 5]), moderate growth with death or disability (13.2%, 11.2 [4.9 to 27.0] mL, mRS 4 [3 to 6]), and large growth with death (2.1%, 35.2 [12.8 to 81.2] mL, mRS 6 [6 to 6]). Patients with moderate growth were younger and more likely to undergo neurosurgery than those in the mild or large growth groups. Baseline hematoma volume was the only significant factor associated with all the hematoma pattern groups. Conclusions: Patients with moderate growth were younger and more likely to receive neurosurgery than those in the mild or large growth groups. Baseline hematoma volume is the most important factor for hematoma growth and clinical outcome
Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from the Lyman-α Forest
Get PDFWe present the first constraints on primordial magnetic fields from the Lyman- forest using full cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. At the scales and redshifts probed by the data, the flux power spectrum is extremely sensitive to the extra power induced by primordial magnetic fields in the linear matter power spectrum, at a scale that we parametrize with peak. We rely on a set of more than a quarter million flux models obtained by varying thermal and reionization histories and cosmological parameters. We find a hint of extra power that is well fitted by the primordial magnetic field model with ∼0.2 nG, corresponding to peak ∼20 Mpc−1. However, when applying very conservative assumptions on the modeling of the noise, we obtain a 3 C.L. lower limit peak >30 Mpc−1, which translates into the tightest bounds on the strength of primordial intergalactic magnetic fields: <0.30 nG (for a fixed, nearly scale-invariant B =−2.9)
Elucidating tissue and subcellular specificity of the entire SUMO network reveals how stress responses are fine-tuned in a eukaryote
Get PDFSUMOylation is essential in plant and animal cells, but it remains unknown how small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) components act in concert to modify specific targets in response to environmental stresses. In this study, we characterize every SUMO component in the Arabidopsis root to create a complete SUMO Cell Atlas in eukaryotes. This unique resource reveals wide spatial variation, where SUMO proteins and proteases have subfunctionalized in both their expression and subcellular localization. During stress, SUMO conjugation is mainly driven by tissue-specific regulation of the SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme. Stress-specific modulation of the SUMO pathway reveals unique combinations of proteases being targeted for regulation in distinct root tissues by salt, osmotic, and biotic signals. Our SUMO Cell Atlas resources reveal how this posttranslational modification (PTM) influences cellular- and tissue-scale adaptations during root development and stress responses. To our knowledge, we provide the first comprehensive study elucidating how multiple stress inputs can regulate an entire PTM system
The Economic Effects of ‘Excessive’ Financial Deepening
Get PDFWe study the causal implications of high levels of financial deepening for economic development and banking crises in a panel of countries over the past seven decades. We adopt a factor-augmented heterogeneous difference-in-differences estimator and find, in contrast to the existing literature, that very high levels of financial development do not lead to lower long-term economic growth or a higher likelihood of banking crises associated with ‘credit booms gone bust’ cycles or excessive capital inflows. We submit this null result to a battery of robustness checks adopting alternative specifications, alternative aggregate data for households vs. firms, and carrying out theory-driven heterogeneity analysis
News sentiment and DeFi coin returns: An empirical analysis
Get PDFThis study investigates the influence of news-based sentiment on the returns of Decentralised Finance (DeFi) coins using a sample of 27 coins from January 2017 to March 2022. Our results indicate that news sentiment significantly impacts DeFi returns, with negative sentiment exerting a stronger influence than positive sentiment. Transaction volume and network security also emerge as critical drivers of DeFi coin returns. Smaller coins are more sensitive to news sentiment, showing greater return volatility. The impact of news-based sentiment is more pronounced during weekdays , likely due to reduced participation by institutional investors and trading algorithms. These findings have important implications for investors and policymakers, suggesting multiple pathways for market manipulation under specific conditions
A Taxonomy Framework and Process Model to Explore AI-Enabled Workplace Inclusion
Get PDFThis study develops a taxonomy framework and a process model to explain how artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes workplace inclusion through human resource management (HRM) practices. We analyze 25 empirical studies using a hybrid inductive–deductive method informed by Nickerson et al.’s (2013) taxonomy development framework. The resulting taxonomy classifies AI-enabled HRM practices according to their strategic goals, types of human-AI interaction, inclusion typologies, evaluation methods, and mitigation strategies. We extend this taxonomy with a process model that illustrates how different forms of AI agency – ranging from assisting to automating − shape inclusion outcomes and require differentiated mitigation strategies. Our analysis reveals three interconnected dimensions of AI-enabled workplace inclusion emerge in such contexts: inclusion in work (individual experiences), inclusion at work (organizational climate), and inclusion of work (human-AI interaction). Each dimension demands distinct context-sensitive mitigation strategies depending on the level AI agency involved By linking AI agency to differentiated forms of inclusion and tailored mitigation strategies, this study advances theoretical understanding of AI-enabled inclusion. It also offers actionable guidance for organizations implementing AI in HRM practices while safeguarding workplace inclusion
Creating high-quality innovations in China: The role of political ties and formal institutions
No full textFirms in emerging economies, such as China, are increasingly prioritizing high-quality technological innovations to boost global competitiveness. While the role of executive political ties in enhancing firms' innovation performance is well-documented, their specific contribution to fostering high-quality technological innovations remains underexplored. This study investigates how political ties influence innovation quality in China and analyses how certain firm- and region-specific institutions shape their effectiveness. Drawing on a sample of Chinese manufacturing firms, the findings reveal that political ties enhance high-quality innovations by offering financial, technological, and market-specific advantages. However, their effect is significantly moderated by formal institutions such as business group affiliation, foreign ownership, and region-level intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement, which diminish firms’ reliance on political ties. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the interplay between informal networks and formal institutions in driving innovation quality in emerging economies
Reading as communal luxury: On the formation of a resistant subject group
Get PDFThis provocation argues for the importance of reading groups, and for reading books, as a mode of resistance against the instrumentalisation and individualisation of academic labour in today’s neo-liberalised universities. Against the dominant ‘information processing’ paradigm of reading, we argue that reading groups function as invaluable moments of social reproduction in the ‘undercommons’ of contemporary higher education. Combining Harney and Moten’s concept of the undercommons with Ross’ analysis of communal luxury, we argue that reading groups can articulate a radical, performative demand for the right to collective cultural creativity. Reading groups can steal back a small degree of academic autonomy, not over academic labour, but over the social reproduction that makes such labour possible in the first place. This argument is interspersed with intermezzo reflections on our collective experiences as members of a ‘viral reading group’, meeting since the start of Covid. We conclude our provocation with a manifesto for reading groups as a way of contesting the hegemony of instrumental rationality in management learning and education, for academics and for students, and as a place where the two can meet to plan and study, within and beyond the institutional limits of contemporary higher education
Research as Organizing: On the Challenges, Precarity and Commitment of Movement Scholarship
Get PDFCommunity organizing as a mode of scholarly praxis remains marginal and undermined within academic institutions by approaches to scholarship that have been determined objective and professionally legible (Raphael and Matsuoka 2023). Reflecting on this challenge is a crucial priority among new generations of movement-scholars who encounter institutions that are content with reproducing the neoliberal academic status quo, signaled by growing labour precarity, extractive knowledge practices, and the metastasizing bureaucratization of higher education (Brackmann 2015). To integrate the praxis of community organizing or ‘movement work’ into one’s scholarly practice is often viewed as an affront to the objective distance and command for unbiased approaches to research expected by institutional research ethics boards and peer review processes. Movement scholarship is an approach to research that reinforces the material and political goals of social movements and spaces above knowledge production, and a stark contrast to traditional paradigms of research. Inspired by a roundtable held during the 2023 AAG, here we take up the challenges of movement scholarship as a paradigm of research that enables a scholarly praxis we conceptualize as ‘Research as Organizing’. We focus on: the practice of research as organizing through movement scholarship, the barriers faced to achieving traditional definitions of scholarly success through a movement-orientation, and how movement scholarship can be supported through relational and institutional shifts within academia. We understand this shift as being central to recapturing the “radical geography spirit” (Castree 2000) and commanding space for critical and transformation scholarship within the discipline and academic institutions at large
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