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Finite Element Analysis for Transient on Highly Thermal Hybridization Conductive Ink
Get PDFConductive ink, which can be produced using materials like graphene, possesses exceptional electrical conductivity and is cost-effective as well as environmentally friendly, making it ideal for future printed electronics. The conductive ink's properties also offer significant mechanical strength, excellent heat and electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, thinness, and flexibility. The hybrid conductive ink, when combined with silver, often demonstrates superior conductivity and stability. This research aims to develop a highly thermal graphene hybrid conductive ink, using graphene nanoparticles, silver flakes, and silver acetate as conductive fillers mixed with chemical and organic solvents. However, reliable data on the finite element analysis (FEA) performance of these mixtures is still lacking. Therefore, to address this, the current study employs an FEA model to simulate total heat flux across various conductive ink perimeters, focusing on substrate size. The models were created using CAD software and analysed in ANSYS Mechanical software to simulate temperature and heat flux. The behaviour of five models with different substrate perimeters was examined using eight thermal conductivity. Additionally, temperature flow and heat flux flow transformation were measured in each model to assess the performance of the hybrid conductive ink. The results show that a 4x4 mm substrate size, with die-attach and diode sizes of 2x2 mm, provides the best performance at the highest thermal conductivity value (350 W/m.K), achieving a total heat flux of up to 6.6 MW/m². Overall, this research illustrates the importance of optimizing substrate size to improve thermal management in hybrid conductive inks
The Role of Epithelial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Sensitisation: A Systematic Review
Get PDFThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence for the involvement of epithelial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic sensitisation. Original clinical and research studies specifically examining the effect of epithelial-derived EVs in IgE-mediated allergic sensitisation were included. Non-IgE mediated allergies, abstracts and review articles were excluded. A total of 18 publications were identified from three databases (EMBASE, Web of Science and PubMed) that indicate epithelial-derived EVs have the potential to promote tolerance or allergic sensitisation. For example, epithelial-derived EVs have the potential to promote IgE-mediated allergic sensitisation by delivering mRNAs that promote T helper 2 (Th2) polarisation and cytokine secretion, or promote tolerance through the induction of T regulatory (Treg) cells. The results also indicate that the potential role of epithelial-derived EVs in IgE-mediated allergic sensitisation may be dependent on the barrier, with all publications related to intestinal epithelium driving tolerance, but publications on nasal and bronchial/alveolar epithelia gaving mixed effects. No publications were found on cutaneous epithelia. Taken together, the literature suggests that epithelial-derived EVs play a key role in influencing IgE-mediated allergic sensitisation. Further research examining all epithelial barriers, using both robust human in vitro models that give more biologically relevant information, as well as clinical studies, are required to further characterise the role of epithelial-derived EVs in IgE-mediated allergic sensitisation
Balancing performance and ethics: Navigating visual recognition technology adoption in the auditing industry
Get PDFThis study aims to discover the key determinants affecting the adoption of visual recognition technology (VRT), a segment of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, in the auditing industry in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the tension between performance expectancy and ethical concerns. Through a quantitative approach utilizing a bilingual online questionnaire of auditors in Saudi Arabia and path analysis, we find that auditors consider the ethical concerns around VRT to be as important as its performance expectancy, traditionally the most important determinant of new technology adoption. The findings also suggest that facilitating conditions emerge as a dominant factor, raising concerns that VRT adoption is driven by resource availability rather than a thorough discussion of its costs and benefits. This paper contributes to the growing dialogue about AI ethical concerns, quantifying and highlighting the importance of ethical considerations for potential users. The paper also urges policymakers to take a balanced approach to incorporate both performance benefits and ethical considerations of the technology and devise practical ethical guidelines to facilitate the adoption of ethical AI
Capitalizing on B2B brand equity: a supply chain perspective
Get PDFPurposeBrand equity is an important firm resource that signals the strength of a business in a marketplace of imperfect information. As a result, this concept has been well theorized in marketing theory and practice as a tool for influencing customer behavior. Despite high relevance, how brand equity can affect relationships in supply chain management has been less researched. Therefore, based on the core tenets of the resource-based view and the relational view, this study aims to empirically investigate how brand equity can affect firm operational and risk management performance through supply chain integration of both customers and suppliers.Design/methodology/approachPrimary survey data were collected from 223 manufacturing firms in China and analyzed through structural equation modeling.FindingsResults suggest that brand equity positively relates to both operational and risk management performance, where supplier and customer integration play partial mediating roles.Originality/valueBased on the resource-based view and the relational view, the study integrates and advances the business-to-business brand equity literature and supply chain management literature by providing empirical evidence on how brand equity strengthens both customer and supplier integration and firm performance. Brand equity as a valuable organizational resource supports performance in stable and turbulent business environments. Furthermore, it motivates both upstream and downstream supply chain integration due to its ability to convey messages related to the focal firm’s strength, quality and trustworthiness
Primary homework through a relational mothering lens: spatiotemporal, embodied and linguistic features of homework interactions
Get PDFIn the UK, primary homework is increasingly experienced as an integral part of parental responsibility and practices. However, its framing as a teacher-directed activity results in limited understanding of the social and relational dimensions of homework as it happens inside families. Conceptualising homework as a parent-child interaction, and using auteur theory and a relational mothering lens, this paper analyses video-recorded examples of mother-child homework alongside mothers’ stimulated reflections, to explore patterns of interaction in homework. Findings suggest homework culture is mapped on maternal bodies in spatio-temporal, embodied and linguistic ways, producing ‘relational homework practices’ built on patterns of interaction rooted in the mother-child relationship. The paper argues that homework is a nuanced, mother-led practice, embedded in family relationships, and distinct from school processes. By recognising the importance of mothers’ existing relational knowledge, this paper challenges the deficit discourses schools use to direct parents in teacher-like behaviours and reconceptualises parents’ engagemen
Social (in)justice on the margins of paid work: Misrecognition, maldistribution and the employment of people with learning difficulties
Get PDFPeople with learning difficulties are being denied social justice in their everyday encounters with the labour market. Using concepts developed by Fraser, we argue that this denial of social justice arises from a combination of maldistribution of resources and misrecognition of people's equal humanity and their right to dignity and respect. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 16 people with mild learning difficulties on the margins of paid work, we show how maldistribution and misrecognition interact in complex ways to undermine the effectiveness of available support and to cause significant harm. We demonstrate how these effects are linked a wider failure of social justice, affecting disabled and non-disabled people. This wider failure is a consequence of government policy, the structure and regulation of the labour market and the design and delivery of social security
Multi-nanoprecipitate strengthened aluminium-scandium alloy for additive manufacturing
Get PDFAluminium alloys, celebrated for their high strength-to-weight ratio and remarkable tensile strength in lightweight structural applications, are integral to a broad spectrum of industries. In this work, we proposed a precipitation strengthening model incorporating the competitive relationship between nucleation and growth to optimise composition, and developed an age-hardenable Al-4.2Mg-0.7Mn-1.1Sc-0.5Zr-0.6Cu-0.1Zn-0.1Fe (wt.%) alloy for laser powder bed fusion. This alloy features a hierarchically heterogeneous microstructure with a trimodal grain and nanoprecipitate distribution. It undergoes the nucleation and growth of secondary Al3X precipitates and the subsequent dissolution of the S-phase, with a significant number of T-phase observed by atom probe tomography. This combined multi-precipitate structure results in a maximum yield strength of 650 MPa displaying a high work hardening rate, making it a promising candidate for complex-shaped, high-strength and ductile components in advanced light-weight structural engineering applications. The new modelling approach to control nanoprecipitation nucleation and growth aids in realising the potential for near-net shape forming of Al alloy components
The Five Safes RO-Crate: FAIR Digital Objects for Trusted Research Environments for Health Data Research
Get PDFTrusted Research Environments (TREs) are secure locations in which health and other sensitive data are placed and made available for researchers to analyse under strict controls. TRE’s in the UK operate under the Five Safes governance framework of safe data, safe people, safe projects, safe settings and safe outputs to protect data confidentiality. However, there is no standardised mechanism for streamlining the exchange of the metadata needed between analysis toolkits and TREs to follow Five Safes procedures. This lack of standardised interoperability is exacerbated when undertaking federated analysis across multiple TREs. The “Five Safes RO-Crate” digital object is a proposed approach for packaging the metadata needed for exchanging research requests and results between analysis tools and TRE providers, enabling them to operate Five Safe compliant processes. The approach has been piloted by the DARE UK TRE-FX project with commercial and open-source analysis toolkits and two health data TREs. The work will continue to be developed in Health Data Research UK’s Federated Analytics work programme and incorporated into the TRE Blueprints currently being developed by EOSC-ENTRUST European Network of Trusted Research Environments and DARE-UK. Five Safes RO-Crate is an important component of the metadata middleware necessary for implementing scalable TRE federated analysis
Optimal Carried-Based Pulse Width Modulation of Three-level Dual Output Converter
Get PDFAs an advanced power electronic topology, the three-level dual output converter combines three-level technology with dual output characteristics, which has significant advantages in industrial, energy and transportation applications. Achieving capacitor voltage balance and improving dc bus voltage utilization are the key technologies in the application of three-level dual output converter, but it is challenging to satisfy both of them at the same time. In this paper, the optimal carrier-based pulse width modulation (CBPWM) strategies are proposed to address the above problems. By analyzing the effects of three different zero-sequence voltages on the midpoint voltage of the voltage-divider capacitor, two optimized CBPWM strategies based on the injection of different zero-sequence voltages are proposed, which can effectively improve the dc bus voltage utilization. Based on the above different zero-sequence voltages injection strategies, the capacitor voltage balancing method is proposed to control the average midpoint current, which can realize the capacitor voltage balance within different modulation ranges of two sets of outputs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy is verified through experiments
Transparency as Performance: The 'As Is' and 'As If' Worlds of International Adjudication
Get PDFThis article applies transparency to itself. It asks ‘What is transparency?’, ‘What do we think it means?’, and ‘What are the effects of transparency and transparency discourse beyond what they do and do not reveal?’. Whereas transparency and its instruments are assumed to reveal the ‘as is’ world of international adjudication (what really goes on within judicial institutions, and how and why decisions are taken) this article observes how transparency and its instruments construct that reality. After highlighting the fictions and contingencies of transparency, it explains how transparency creates a subjunctive ‘as if’ world of adjudication, where actors behave ‘as if’ what transparency reveals is true. Through informing behaviour, transparency constructs the ‘as is’ world of adjudication. Whereas in the context of international adjudication the focus is typically on how transparency legitimises power, this article observes how transparency simultaneously empowers and legitimises the exercise of the power that it creates
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