Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology
Not a member yet
100 research outputs found
Sort by
Optimization of Growth Regulators for Induction of Callus from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to optimize the concentration of different plant growth regulators or hormones for callus induction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Different types and concentrations of growth regulators were tested in order to obtain the best callus formation. Four growth hormones such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAP), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4–D) were used in this study. It was found that growth regulator type and concentration had a significant effect on the callus induction, the increment of callus index and callus physical appearance. The higher frequency of callus growth (95-100%) were observed on both epicotyls and cotyledon explants cultured on basal medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l NAA + 0.5mg/l Bap and various concentrations such as 0.2+0.1, 0.5+0.1, 1.0+0.2mg/l of NAA + BAP also shows good callus response but at higher concentration of the same hormones shuts the callus growth. The concentration of BAP and 2,4-D also shows good callus response in higher concentration whereas low concentrations of this hormone combination show nil effect. The morphology of callus differs upon the hormonal concentration from green to white and green to brown with various textures. This protocol paves the way for the development of in vitro regeneration for cotton and consequently will promote the application of plant tissue culture
Characterization of a Red Bacterium Strain Isolated from Root Nodule of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) for Growth and Pigment Production
Get PDFAn unidentified red bacterium strains isolated as endophyte of root nodule of faba bean, when characterized for morphological, microscopic, biochemical and molecular (16SrDNA sequence) features were identified as a novel strain of Serratia marcescens. The strain formed small red colony size measuring 2-3mm in diameter on Glucose Mannitol Tryptone Yeast Extract (GMTYE) agar medium. Under scanning electron microscopy, the single cell rods measured 3.55 - 4.18µm x 0.48µm - 0.68µm. The bacterium strain could efficiently utilize a wide range of carbohydrates (monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide) both for growth and pigmentation. It’s preferred simple form of organic nitrogen for growth and pigmentation but was unable to utilize inorganic sources of nitrogen. The bacterium could grow over a wide range of medium pH (4.00-11.00) and temperature (20-37°C) and NaCl concentration (0.5-2.0%) but optimal growth and pigmentation were observed in the GMTYE medium of pH (6.00-7.00) containing NaCl at 0.5 percent level and at 28°C of incubation temperature
Antagonistic Bioactivity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from Medicinal Plants
Get PDFEndophytic actinomycetes are promising biocontrol agents for use in agriculture and have been isolated from various plant species. In the present study, 40 endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of three medicinal plants viz. Aloe vera, Mentha arvensis and Ocimum sanctum. The identification revealed that the majority of the isolates were Streptomyces spp. and the rest were identified as Saccharopolyspora spp., Micromonospora spp. and Actinopolyspora spp. The dual tests revealed that nine endophytic actinomycete isolates displayed a wide spectrum activity against nine fungal phytopathogens. Out of 8 isolates, 90% inhibited the growth of at least one or more phytopathogenic fungi and Saccharopolyspora 0-9 (Out of 8 isolates, 90% inhibited the growth of at least one or more phytopathogenic fungi and Saccharopolyspora 0-9 exhibited antagonistic activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium pinophilum, Phytophthora dresclea and Colletotrichum falcatum
Phytochemical Analysis of Some Indigenous Plants Potent Against Endoparasite
Get PDFA study has been done with indigenous plants to explore their phytochemical constituents. About 7 indigenous plants collected from Agra–Mathura Region. The collected plants undergone extraction followed by evaporation. The prepared plant extract goes through phytochemical investigation to explore active constituents which are very significant drug development
Integration of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Grape Vine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Nursery Stage
Get PDFThe Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) association is being considered as the commonest Mycorrhizal type involved in grape community. Low population density of these useful fungi in vineyard soil suggests the need for manual inoculation of grapevine plantlets at the nursery stage. The influence of three commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi strains (Glomus intraradious, G. mosseae, G. fasciculatus and a mixture of them) on growth and biochemical status of four grapevine varieties (Shahroodi, Asgari, Keshmeshi and Khalili) was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Rooted plantlets derived from hardwood cuttings were transplanted in pots containing leaf mold and sand (1:1) followed by inoculation with different fungal inoculums. Various physiological and biochemical parameters were measured at 30 days intervals. The percentage of root colonization was found to be slightly different amongst inoculated vines but it was found to be significantly different with non-inoculated, control plants. Most growth related parameters (vine length, shoot length and leaf area) were enhanced following Mycorrhization but root length and number of leaves were not significantly affected by any fungal intervention. Treated plants typically showed more obvious modifications in their biochemical status. The chlorophyll content (especially "b" and total), total root and shoot phenols were raised in treated plants. The chlorophyll "a" and total soluble sugars were not statistically different in inoculated and control plants. The overall results of the present study suggest that AM fungi can be manually applied, as an easy and economical approach during nursery production, to boost the physiological and biochemical status of the treated plants and production of high quality healthy plantlets
A Study on Backfill Properties and Use of Fly Ash for Highway Embankments
Get PDFFly ash a fine powder is thrown out in large quantities from thermal power plants as a waste material in a by-product of combustion of pulverized coal. The disposal of fly ash poses a serious problem considering the air, water and soil problems. The solution to this problem lies in its bulk utilization of fly ash at dumping sites. This paper is summarized with brief details of the properties and design aspects of fly ash used in highway embankments
Effect of Altitudes on Soil and Vegetation Characteristics of Pinus roxburghii Forest in Garhwal Himalaya
Get PDFThe present study was conducted in Pinus roxburghii forest in the District Tehri Garhwal of Uttarakhand State to assess the soil properties, forest species composition and volume along altitudinal gradients. The study revealed that the moisture content and water holding capacity of soil increased with increasing altitudes while bulk density (BD) reduced with increasing altitude. The higher proportion of soil texture was contributed of sand > clay > silt in each altitude. The soil pH of entire forest was acidic in nature. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen increased with increasing altitude. Phosphorus and potassium has not shown any trend with altitude. The associated shrubs in Pinus roxburghii forest were Rhus parviflora, Carissa opaca, Berberis aristata, Lantana camara and Rubus ellipticus. The highest and lowest density of P. roxburghii was recorded in top and middle altitude respectively. The total basal cover (TBC) and volume of P. roxburghii was reduced with increasing altitude
Effective Biosurfactants production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its efficacy on different Oils
Get PDFA rhamnolipid producing bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from contaminated soil with oily wastes. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa has grown with glucose and corn oil as a carbon source produced biosurfactant. This biosurfactant was purified by procedures that included chloroform-ethanol extraction and 0.05M bicarbonate treatments. The active compound was identified as rhamnolipid by using thin layer chromatography. The biosurfactant efficacy was tested on coconut oil, groundnut oil, sunflower oil and olive oil. The coconut oil responded better and gave a maximum level of 1cm than the olive oil, groundnut oil and sunflower oil
Comparative In silico Analysis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Heart in Human and Normal Chicken Heart
Get PDFHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an incurable disease, which causes excessive thickening of the myocardium. HCM is caused by abnormalities in genes which code for the proteins responsible for contraction of the heart. The anatomical resemblances between the Chicken heart and HCM heart are thickening of the muscle of the left ventricle, localized ring- like thickening of muscle under the aortic valve, and poorly formed anterior ventricular groove, and left ventricle projecting beyond the right ventricle. The mutations for the genes are retrieved from the databases: Human Genome Mutation Database, Familial Hypertrophic Mutation Database and Cardiogenomics databases. Since the Beta-myosin Heavy Chain (MYH7) is more predominant in causing HCM, that gene alone is taken and compared with normal chicken heart myh7 gene. The amino acids were aligned by CLUSTAL W and they were found to have sequence homology of 85%. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using PHYLIP to study evolutionary linkage. According to the results, it can be presumed that the chicken normal gene, during the evolutionary process have undergone many modifications and evolved as a complicated and advanced human heart
In vitro Propagation and Conservation of Inula racemosa Hook. F. an Endangered Medicinal Plant of Temperate Origin
Get PDFInula racemosa is an endangered medicinal plant. It is commonly known as Pushkarmool, Pushkar and Manu. The great sage Charaka has characterized it as Hikka magrahana (stops hiccups) and Savasahara (helpful in asthma). Also, he has cited it as the best medicament for pleurisy along with cough and asthma. Due to the fragile nature of its habitat and exploitation due to its commercial medicinal properties, the species are facing the onslaught of indiscriminate over-exploitation. So far, this plant has not got the required attention from researchers, hence, except for a few efforts, not much work has been done for its cultivation and conservation. Plant tissue culture offers an attractive and quick method for its multiplication and further conservation. In the present investigation, effective procedures for micropropagation and in vitro conservation by vitrification were developed. In vitro propagation using aseptically grown seedlings and in vitro conservation via vitrification were standardized. The in vitro conserved material could be retrieved and multiplied normally on Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with 1.00 mg l-1BA (benzyl adenine) which has been recorded as the best performing medium for in vitro shoot multiplication. The conserved shoots showed normal in vitro propagation and after retrieval from vitrification, platelets were hardened and successfully established in the experimental fields under Nauni (Solan, HP) conditions at an elevation of around 1275 meters above mean sea level