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How do individuals with mental health disorder and spinal cord injury gain access to participate in voluntary sport groups in Switzerland?
No full textIntroduction Physical activity (PA) is crucial to physical and mental health in various populations, including individuals with disabilities (IWDs). IWDs are at higher risk being physically inactive, developing non-communicable diseases, and experiencing major negative health consequences due to inactivity than the general population (Martin Ginis et al., 2021). One possibility to be physically active is through voluntary sport groups (VSGs) in sport clubs. However, physically, IWDs are significantly less active (also in VSGs), than the general population (Bickenbach, 2011; Martin Ginis et al., 2021). They seemingly have restricted access to (adaptive) VSGs. This is also the case for individuals who have a spinal cord injury or are dependent on a wheelchair in their daily lives (e.g. due to a chronic illness) (ISCIs), and individuals with mental health challenges or disorders (IMHDs), as they face specific challenges and barriers in accessing and participating in PA programs (Firth et al., 2016; Jaarsma et al., 2014). However, little is known about how those target groups gain access and why or why not they join VSGs. Research so far has looked mainly at what factors influence successful participation in (leisure time) PA for ISCIs (Jaarsma et al., 2014; Williams et al., 2014) and for IMHDs (Epiney et al., 2023; Firth et al., 2016), but not the process of access. To investigate how the access into sport, or VSGs, might happen, we use the concept of sport-related socialization (Burrmann, 2021). The theory addresses influencing factors on an internal reality (intrapersonal level, e.g. motivation, health) and an external reality (interpersonal level, e.g. social support; organizational level, e.g. accessibility and location of VSGs). Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate how ISCIs and IMHDs gained access to VSGs and which factors are relevant for the access from an active participant’s and a coach’s perspective, aiming to get a greater comprehension of how access to VSGs can be increased.
Methods A qualitative approach was chosen to investigate the above-mentioned aim. Participants were recruited via the Swiss Paraplegic association, offering adaptive VSGs for wheelchair users, and PluSport, offering adaptive VSGs for IMHDs in Switzerland. A purposive sampling approach was applied to achieve maximum variation sampling (Smith & Sparkes, 2020). The aim, in line with research in the field and with expert literature, was to recruit at least five participants per subgroup, leading to a final sample of ten athletes (5 ISCIs, 5 IMHDs) and ten coaches (5 of VSGs for ISCIs, 5 of VSGs for IMHDs) (Hennink & Kaiser, 2022; Smith & Sparkes, 2020). The coaches’ point of view was included to have a complementary perspective compared to the athletes to produce comprehensive insights. A semi-structured interview guideline was developed, discussed with experts and tested in a pilot interview (Braun & Clarke, 2022; Smith & Sparkes, 2020). Interviews were conducted during spring 2024 in (Swiss-)German or French. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with an inductive and deductive approach to be able to identify themes and codes (Braun & Clarke, 2022).
Results In the following, a selection of relevant factors that were found are presented. The results showed that people mostly accessed VSGs through other persons. ISCIs mentioned that they often gained access through the rehabilitation clinic, but none of IMHDs or their coaches mentioned that they gained access through a psychiatric clinic, but often through the institution where they lived. Further, more than half of the participants described that they gained, or coaches that they perceived, the access as self-determined and/or voluntary. As influencing factors on an internal reality, motivation for the VSG was frequently named as hindering or enabling, as well as fears and anxieties as an obstacle to gaining access. Body functions, including health, were mentioned by most of the coaches and half of the participants as influencing their access to VSGs. In addition, openness to new things and other people, as well as previous experience with sport and PA were mentioned as facilitators. On the external reality, social support from the environment was mentioned as important. Additionally, the group constellation, i.e. the people in the group, as well as behaviours of other participants were mentioned as influencing factors for access to VSGs. Then, the coach (behaviour before and during the VSG) was named as an enabler by almost all of the coaches and most athletes. At the organizational level, the type of program was mentioned as influential by all coaches and most athletes. Moreover, the location of the VSGs and for some, the costs were relevant to athletes’ gaining access to VSGs.
Discussion/Conclusion The present study has provided important insights into how IWDs, especially ISCIs and IMHDs, gain access to VSGs. The results revealed important factors in both, an internal reality (e.g. fears and anxieties, motivation) and an external reality (e.g. social support, availability of VSGs). This study is the first to investigate on the access to VSGs for ISCIs and IMHDs. The findings confirm the literature on PA participation and provide new insights, such as the importance of previous experiences with PA. The results may have important implications for service providers for IWDs, such as rehabilitation clinics, clinicians and voluntary sports clubs. Finally, a large-scale survey is needed to confirm the findings, including inactive athletes.
References
Bickenbach, J. (2011). The World Report on Disability. Disability & Society, 26(5), 655–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2011.589198
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Burrmann, U. (2021). Sportbezogene Sozialisation. In U. Burrmann, E. Emrich, & F. Gassmann (Hrsg.), Sport in Kultur und Gesellschaft. Handbuch Sport und Sportwissenschaft (S. 197–216). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53407-6_15
Epiney, F., Wieber, F., Loosli, D., Znoj, H., & Kiselev, N. (2023). Voluntary sports programs for individuals with mental health disorders: The trainer’s view. PLOS ONE, 18(10), e0290404. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290404
Firth, J., Rosenbaum, S., Stubbs, B., Gorczynski, P., Yung, A. R., & Vancampfort, D. (2016a). Motivating factors and barriers towards exercise in severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 46(14), 2869–2881. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716001732
Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2022). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523
Jaarsma, E. A., Dijkstra, P. U., Geertzen, J. H. B., & Dekker, R. (2014). Barriers to and facilitators of sports participation for people with physical disabilities: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(6), 871–881. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12218
Martin Ginis, K. A., Van Der Ploeg, H. P., Foster, C., Lai, B., McBride, C. B., Ng, K., Pratt, M., Shirazipour, C. H., Smith, B., Vásquez, P. M., & Heath, G. W. (2021). Participation of people living with disabilities in physical activity: A global perspective. The Lancet, 398(10298), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01164-8
Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. C. (2020). Qualitative research. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of Sport Psychology (S. 999–1019). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119568124.ch49
Williams, T. L., Smith, B., & Papathomas, A. (2014). The barriers, benefits and facilitators of leisure time physical activity among people with spinal cord injury: A meta-synthesis of qualitative findings. Health Psychology Review, 8(4), 404–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.89840
Sport commitment among children and adolescent through the lens of theory of organismic integration: A systematic literature review
No full textIntroduction Most of the athletes who participate in the Olympic Games are between 20 and 30 years old. Popular sport therefore has a reserve of Olympic talent for the 2032-2044 cycles. The involvement of children and adolescents in sport contributes to their socialization, academic success and emotional stability, as well as to sustainable development goals in general. The purpose of this study is to identify potential areas for enhancing sport motivation in children and adolescents and to formulate the concept of sport identity based on organismic integration theory.
Methods The scope of the systematic literature review included bibliographic sources for the period from 2014 to the present, devoted to various aspects of the motivational component of sports activities in children and adolescents. The initial data collection was conducted in the academic databases Scopus and Web of Science using formal searches. Since the documents were selected from two scientific databases, duplicate publications were excluded from the output (Pavlova, 2024). The next step of the literature review was the analysis of the formed pool of studies using the Bibliometrix library in the R-Studio environment (Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017), which allowed to identify the main headnotes related to the research topic and to characterize the temporal dynamics in the development of the research topic. For a more detailed study, 22 publications were selected, which allowed us to validate the theoretical framework of this paper.
Results The bibliographic analysis identified two polar clusters: «external motivation» (related to the concepts of "game", "gamification") and «internal motivation» (related to the concepts of "coach", "media", "social networks"). The conclusion was that internal motivation is formed indirectly through multiple repetitions of external influences. This phenomenon is explained by the theory of organismic integration (OIT) and grows into the concept of III: Influence, Internalization, Identity. Thus, the emotional experience becomes part of the personality through internalization, which leads to the formation of a sport identity.
Discussion/Conclusion The mechanism of internalization of external motivational influences and the factors affecting this process are still understudied. From the practical perspective, the possibilities of emotional reinforcement of motivation for sports activities at each lesson or training session (e.g., progress charts, electronic apps for individual tracking of sport success, instant feedback, gamification of the training process) can be considered promising.
References
Pavlova, A. (2024). Motivation for sport among children and adolescents [Data set]. Kaggle. https://doi.org/10.34740/KAGGLE/DS/6194684
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
Pelletier, L. G., & Rocchi, M. (2023). Organismic integration theory: A theory of regulatory styles, internalization, integration, and human functioning in society. In The Oxford Handbook of Self-Determination Theory (pp. 53–83). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.001.000
The importance of specific exercise therapy in pediatric oncology
No full textIntroduction Modern therapy has improved survival for children with cancer. However, treatment has unintended consequences. More and more studies are showing that children have persisting motor and sensory dysfunctions, such as loss of sensation, numbness, pain, absent reflexes as well as loss of balance control. Developmental milestones such as walking, running, jumping or climbing are delayed which negatively impacts their quality of life and social reintegration (Bjornard et al. 2018). Consequently, survivors are less inclined to participate in physical education at school and experience difficulties when engaging in sport activities with their peers. The beneficial effects of movement interventions have been documented in numerous studies. However, despite this potential, the promotion of physical activity (PA) within pediatric oncology is still a largely overlooked area of practice. The international Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (iPOEG) highlight PA and exercise as safe, beneficial and recommended for all children and adolescents with cancer (Wurz et al. 2021).
Methods We are therefore currently trying to increase awareness regarding the importance of movement therapy in pediatric oncology. In addition to the PrepAir study, the development of specific training manuals and materials will facilitate the long-term and sustainable integration of exercise therapy into the field of paediatric oncology. With this crowdfunding project (www.prepAIR.ch), we strive to equip children\u27s hospitals with specially trained specialists and age-appropriate training material.
Results Our goal is to support the reintegration of children into daily life through therapeutic exercise, aimed at preventing a vicious cycle of inactivity caused by a cancer diagnosis. This approach not only improves quality of life but also contributes positively to the optimal course of treatment.
Discussion/Conclusion We hypothesized that children who maintain their motor and sensory functions (e.g. balance, jumping) through physical activity will maintain age-appropriate development, improve their quality of life and facilitate social reintegration after therapy. They will be motivated to engage in lifelong physical activity through school and sports clubs. Exercise therapy should be accessible to all affected children and adolescents.
References
Bjornard, K. L., Gilchrist, L., Inaba, H., Diouf, B., Hockenberry, M. J., Kadan-Lottick, N. S., Bowers, D. C., Dolan, M. E., Ullrich, N. J., Evans, W. E., & Ness, K. K. (2018). Peripheral neuropathy in children and adolescents treated for cancer. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(10), 744–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30236-0
Wurz, A., McLaughlin, E., Lategan, C., Chamorro Vina, C., Grimshaw, S. L., Hamari, L., Götte, M., Kesting, S., Rossi, F., van der Torre, P., Guilcher, G. M. T., McIntyre, K., & Culos-Reed, N. (2021). The international pediatric oncology exercise guidelines (iPOEG). Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(10), 1915–1923. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab02
Relevant Elements of Standardisation of Federation’s Advisory Programs for Voluntary Sports Clubs
No full textIntroduction Sports federations are increasingly inclined to support their member clubs\u27 structural and organisational development (Schlesinger et al., 2021). Thus, federations offer tools and training courses and have started implementing advisory programs supporting voluntary sports clubs\u27 (VSCs\u27) strategic alignment and action (cf. Klenk et al., 2017). However, the effectiveness of external guidance can be limited due to the level of autonomy and independence that VSCs typically show (Nagel & Schlesinger, 2012; Schlesinger et al., 2021). While research has discussed critical interfaces, little is known about what moderates the translation of advisory input to achieve change at club level (cf. Klenk et al., 2017). Hence, this study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of which elements of standardisation in a federation advisory program are relevant for the subsequent implementation in VSCs.
Methods Advisory programs of two Swiss sports federations were analysed using case study methodology in an exploratory research design (Veal & Darcy, 2014). Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with individuals and groups, including program participants and mentors working with the clubs throughout the program. Additionally, observation notes from in-person workshops and meeting notes from exchanges with federation project teams were included. In line with the exploratory research design, data was analysed utilizing an inductive three-step coding process (Urquhart, 2023), and the emerging concepts were then structured along the “critical interfaces” identified by Klenk et al. (2017).
Results Findings show that, in particular, the degree of standardisation imposed on the participating VSCs through some aspects of the program design affects the subsequent knowledge transfer. Clubs perceived elements of standardisation, such as binding time frames for implementation or certification criteria, in advisory programs ambivalently. On the one hand, standardising elements, such as clear criteria, provided guidance and orientation to participating VSCs; on the other hand, a lack of flexibility in the adoption process provoked resistance.
Discussion/Conclusion These findings contribute to understanding knowledge transfer regarding advisory input and allow practitioners in federations to infer essential considerations in the conceptualisation and implementation of advisory programs. Elements of standardisation can guide and facilitate knowledge transfer. However, a certain flexibility supports the adoption of input by VSCs and helps prevent resistance. Further research is needed to clarify how the degree of standardisation affects subsequent structural changes at a VSC level.
References
Klenk, C., Egli, B., & Schlesinger, T. (2017). Exploring how voluntary sports clubs implement external advisory inputs. Managing Sport and Leisure, 22(1), 70–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2017.1386587
Nagel, S., & Schlesinger, T. (2012). Sportvereinsentwicklung: Ein Leitfaden zur Planung von Veränderungsprozessen [Development of sports clubs: A guide to planning change processes] (1. Aufl.). Haupt Verlag.
Schlesinger, T., Klenk, C., & Nagel, S. (2021). Beratung von Sportvereinen. In L. Thieme & T. Wojciechowski (Eds.), Sportverbände: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung [Sports associations: Current state and research perspectives] (pp. 277–293). Hoffmann.
Urquhart, C. (2023). Grounded theory for qualitative research: A practical guide (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Veal, A. J., & Darcy, S. (2014). Research methods in sport studies and sport management: A practical guide. Routledge Taylor & Francis
Humans in Digitized Worlds: Perspectives on Self-Expansion, Outdoor Activities, and Body Perception
No full textThe growing influence of digital media has fundamentally transformed human experience, particularly in relation to physical activity and self-perception. As digital worlds increasingly permeate our daily lives, it becomes essential to examine how these technologies shape our interactions with the environment, our bodies, and our sense of self. This symposium seeks to explore these intersections, highlighting how digital worlds shape our embodied experiences and self-perception. The first presentation examines the philosophical implications of wearable fitness technologies, focusing on how self-tracking devices influence self-knowledge and create potential dissonance between digital feedback and bodily awareness. The second explores the role of digital tools in outdoor activities, presenting a framework to understand their impact on the relationship between humans and nature. The third turns to adolescence, investigating how social media use and physical activity affect body image and interoception. Together, these contributions offer a multidisciplinary perspective on bodies and digital media
Digital technology and the expansion of outdoor experience in outdoor activities
No full textIntroduction After the outbreak of covid-pandemic, the digital age has been highlighted in society, where the divide between indoors and outdoors (and work and private life) has both intensified and blurred. It has become more pronounced as daily life increasingly unfolds within a finely tuned digital infrastructure, making venturing outdoors less taken for granted. At the same time, digital technologies disrupt this infrastructure, causing the boundary between indoors and outdoors to fade. Especially in outdoor activities, digital tools like smartphones, GPS systems, and sports apps have become deeply embedded in the experience of being outdoors. These technologies are no longer mere accessories to outdoor activities, they have become indispensable to how we orient and navigate in natural areas (Kennedy at al. 2024). Still, the outdoor experience also has a certain allure, prompting people to take a break from their smartphones (Helms et al., 2019). For individuals, questions about being outdoors, such as to what extent they rely on digital infrastructures, have become central. People engage with digital technologies in diverse ways, from fully embracing them (complexification) to removing their presence (simplification). This research proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the intersection of technology and outdoor experiences, focusing on how these technologies shape, support, or challenge our relationship with nature.
Methods This research develops a conceptual framework to explore the interaction between digital technologies and the outdoor experience, and how digital tools influence engagement with the outdoor environment. Rather than treating these elements as separate forces, it examines how they influence each other. Using the concept of an ecology of possibilities (Simons 2022), this research explores the potential of the digital infrastructure in outdoor activities. The goal is to identify ways in which digital tools can strengthen the appeal of outdoor activities and deepen the experience.
Results This research shows that digital technologies can enhance and replace traditional outdoor functions, expanding human capabilities. By responsibly integrating digital tools, we can enrich nature experiences and create new possibilities for outdoor activities
Implementation of Compensation-Sensitive Shot-Style-Feedback of Aiming Point Training Data at the Swiss Shooting Federation
No full textIntroduction The practical application of scientific knowledge is essential for improving performance in Olympic air rifle shooting. At the Swiss Shooting Federation, for example, we have implemented an innovative training concept based on our research into compensation-sensitive shot styles and the importance of individual movement phases (Tartaruga & Kredel, 2021, 2022, 2024).
Methods We have been collecting SCATT training sessions from athletes via email and utilizing a MATLAB script that waits for and automatically analyses incoming data. The analysis is performed according to the methods proposed in our study, including the use of a validated movement phase segmentation algorithm of aiming point trajectory data and the identification of compensation-sensitive shot styles based on this data. We consider athlete-specific preferences and compare current data with results from the last ten years to provide a social and normative reference orientation.
Results Through individualised analysis of shooting data, coaches can develop tailored training plans that address the specific needs of each athlete and receive immediate feedback on the technical impact of recent training sessions on different technical characteristics. Comparison of historical data also provides valuable insight into performance development across disciplines, gender, and age for specific technical characteristics. These insights are used to optimize coaches’ education programs by providing a generalised understanding of the technical development of young athletes in shooting. Furthermore, some technical characteristics even have predictive validity for real shooting performance and therefore appear to be suitable for talent identification.
Discussion/Conclusion The integration of compensation-sensitive shot-styles and the consideration of individual preferences have led to a higher acceptance of the tailored feedback reports than the previous more generalised reports. In the future, we plan to extend these approaches by applying them to other disciplines within the shooting sports. In addition, we would like to scientifically validate specific training interventions to promote successful shot styles, with the aim to provide evidence-based training recommendations in the future.
In our view, this project serves as a good example of how challenging real-world problems brought up by coaches and embedded scientists can be jointly structured and solved at federation and university level, and how their solution can ultimately lead to practical tools reshaping and improving a federation’s process landscape.
References
Tartaruga, D., & Kredel, R. (2021). Prognose der Wettkampfleistung anhand von Techniktests im olympischen Luftgewehrschiessen [Prediction of competition performance based on technical tests in Olympic air rifle shooting]. Magglinger Trainertagung, 10. https://www.swissolympic.ch/dam/jcr:26fcf124-ce21-4b1f-9abb-bb5caf3f7011/Book_of_Posters_2021_A4h_def.pdf
Tartaruga, D., & Kredel, R. (2022, March 29). Shooting styles in Olympic air-rifle shooting. 25. Sportwissenschaftlicher Hochschultag der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft: Sport, Meer & Mehr – Sportwissenschaft in gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung, Online (Kiel). https://doi.org/10.48350/169324
Tartaruga, D., & Kredel, R. (2024). Effects of inter- and intraindividual compensation-sensitive shot styles on performance in Olympic air rifle shooting. Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS), 9(1), Article 006. https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.9ciss00
Sport values and sustainability?
No full textIntroduction United Nations call for all nations to act together towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and recalls that this collective transformation requires the development of shared values into citizens that are in line with SDGs. Sport is particularly highlighted in this perspective as it is supposed to intrinsically convey values associated to sustainability that would be internalized by practitioners. To go beyond this ideology, this study aims to review empirical findings establishing the values intrinsically salient in sport, their internalization or not by practitioners and the processes explaining this internalization.
Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review through Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and ERIC database using values of sport, sport values, sporting values, and athletic values keywords (n=7992). 32 studies published between 1990 and 2023 were retained. These papers comprised empirical qualitative and quantitative studies on sport values and their development in sport. Inclusion criteria were notably comprised of participants’ physical involvement in sport (e.g., physical education students, athletes, coaches), and rigorous research practices (MMAT, Hong et al., 2018). Data extraction followed a three-steps process resulting in descriptive data (e.g., sport type, participants), an in-depth analysis of sport values (e.g., terminology, type), and processes explaining value development in sport.
Results Analyses revealed 79 sport values, with 13 of them representing 50% of total occurrence (i.e., fairness, winning, obedience, health and fitness, contract maintenance, achievement, skills, public image, honesty, sportspersonship, hedonism, caring, leadership). Some of these sport values were found to be in conflict with athletes’ personal values (e.g., winning). The values developed by practitioners during sport differed based on gender, age, and the type of sport. Finally, the processes highlighted to explain these differences and which stakeholders (e.g., coaches, PE teachers) could grasp to support the development of values are (1) sports practice climate (e.g., social climate, competitive environment), (2) the influence of agents of socialization (e.g., peers, coach), and (3) the social norms made salient consciously or not during practice.
Discussion/Conclusion Sport values, defined as the values intrinsically attached to the sport environment are diverse. Some can support SDGs (e.g., health and fitness, caring) but sport intrinsic values are not necessarily in line with SDGs (i.e., leadership, obedience, achievement), international organizations principles (IOC, 2024), nor with athletes and sport enthusiasts’ visions. Moreover, sport intrinsic values are not automatically accepted and developed by practitioners. To develop values that serve sustainability, stakeholders like coaches, PE teachers, and sports programs coordinators need to (1) consider sports characteristics and the way they orient the climate of practice, (2) be aware of the role of value socialization agents, and (3) pay attention to the norms and values (they make) salient during sport practice.
References
Hong, Q. N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., ... & Pluye, P. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Education for Information, 34(4), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-180221
The International Olympic Committee. (2024). Olympic values – Excellence, respect and friendship. https://olympics.com/ioc/olympic-values
Effects of olive leaf extract on exercise performance and muscle mitochondrial response in young healthy adults
No full textIntroduction Sprint interval training (SIT) can elicit similar or even higher skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) despite a lower training volume. We have previously shown that this is at least partially driven by improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation after a single session of SIT but not MICT [1]. Olive leaf extract (OLE) is a natural compound that triggers mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and activates PDH in mouse skeletal muscle [2]. Here we tested the hypothesis that OLE would contribute to exercise performance improvement by increasing muscle mitochondrial response and PDH activation in human participants performing MICT.
Methods In a crossover (OLE vs. placebo), double-blind study, eleven healthy males performed a single session of MICT (1h at 50% maximal aerobic power). Knee extensor neuromuscular tests and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 24 hours after (24h Post) MICT.
Results Compared to placebo, OLE reduced average heart rate in MICT while the extent and origin of knee extensor fatigability was unchanged. Targeted investigation of selected proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway showed an overall decrease of expression immediately after exercise but did not reveal any differences between placebo and OLE. The Pre to Post change in PDH activity was different with a decrease in placebo versus an increase in OLE. Transcriptomic analyses showed a potentiation of the exercise effect on mitochondrial genes by OLE 24h after exercise. In addition, OLE potentiated several pathways involved in inflammation and immune response immediately after exercise.
Discussion/Conclusion Altogether, these results suggest that OLE can modulate skeletal muscle response to exercise and pave the way for future investigations aiming to investigate the chronic effect of combining OLE and exercise training.
References
Zanou, N., Dridi, H., Reiken, S., Imamura de Lima, T., Donnelly, C., De Marchi, U., et al. (2021). Acute RyR1 Ca²⁺ leak enhances NADH-linked mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Nature Communications, 12(1), 7219. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27422-1
Gherardi, C., Rossi, L., Bianchi, M., & Ferri, P. (2024). Mitochondrial calcium uptake declines during aging and is directly activated by oleuropein to boost energy metabolism and skeletal muscle performance. Cell Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.10.02
Verändertes Arbeiten und Lernen des Bildungspersonals in der beruflichen Bildung – Folgen für die Professionalisierung
No full textDer Beitrag berichtet über Veränderungen des Arbeitens und Lernens des Bildungspersonals in der beruflichen (Weiter-)Bildung. Dabei wird gezeigt, in welcher Form sich Phänomene, die unter den Stichworten «New Work» und «New Learning» prominent auch populärwissenschaftlich verhandelt werden, für das Bildungspersonal in der beruflichen Bildung darstellen. Grundlage hierfür sind ein Literaturreview sowie darauf aufbauend eigene empirische Erhebungen in Form von Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten und Gruppendiskussionen. Die Befunde werden schliesslich im Hinblick auf die Frage diskutiert, welche Folgen sich für die Professionalisierung des lehrenden Personals in der beruflichen Bildung ergeben
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