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Optimizing Talent Development for Goalkeepers: Psychological Characteristics, Stressors, and Sustainable Pathways in Elite Soccer
No full textIntroduction Research on talent identification and development has grown significantly, driven by increasing interest from practitioners aiming to optimize these processes in applied settings. However, several challenges persist, including issues such as early selection biases, relative age effects, maturity-related inequalities, language barriers, and the underrepresentation of specific groups, such as female players, para-football athletes, and goalkeepers (Kelly, 2024). Goalkeepers occupy a unique and essential role within soccer teams, requiring specialized training to meet and sustain the demands of elite performance and development (e.g., Otte et al., 2022). The position’s requirements differ fundamentally from those of outfield players, resulting in distinctive developmental pathways and psychological profiles. For instance, goalkeepers face unique challenges, including the need to maintain concentration despite fluctuations in activity, make split-second decisions under pressure, and manage stress during high-stakes moments (e.g., penalty shootouts; Otte et al., 2020; de Castro et al., 2021). Despite their importance, research on the talent development of goalkeepers remains sparse. Therefore, given these gaps, the present study aimed to examine the psychological characteristics and stressors encountered by goalkeepers at various stages of their progression toward elite performance.
Methods Fifty goalkeepers (i.e., 41 males; 9 females) aged 9 to 21 and enrolled in elite training centers participated in the study. Data collection included quantitative and qualitative assessments. First, four validated questionnaires (i.e., D5D, PCDEQ, PFPI, TD12) were used to measure the participant’s psychological characteristics. Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the stressors encountered during the participants’ developmental pathways.
Results The results of the questionnaires revealed distinct findings: goalkeepers displayed lower extraversion scores compared to aspiring outfield players; gender differences were observed, with female goalkeepers exhibiting higher sensitivity, stress vulnerability and organizational tendencies than their male counterparts; dysfunctional personality tendencies were more prevalent among goalkeepers compared to other elite athletes’ populations; and age-related differences were observed regarding the perception of external support, with older participants reporting more nuanced experiences. The semi-structured interviews provided insights on two key stressors: the psychosocial stressors related to club transitions, selection processes and peer pressures; and the physical stressors related to injuries, or delay of physical development. Altogether, the results illustrate different psychological characteristics and stressors according to age groups, suggesting the (a) evolution of these characteristic along the training process, and the (b) distinct challenges faced by goalkeepers as they progress through the stages of talent development.
Discussion/Conclusion These findings underscore the need to consider age-related variations in psychological profiles and stress responses when addressing the route to talent development in this underrepresented area of soccer research. The present study contributes to the literature by providing a greater focus on the goalkeeper position, which remains underrepresented in soccer research. Integrating these insights into training programs and developmental strategies would provide sustainable transfer of scientific knowledge into practice
Bridging Research and Practice: Swiss Olympic’s Approach to Sports Science and Innovation
No full textSwiss Olympic is the umbrella organisation for Swiss sport and supports the national sports federations at various levels, increasingly also in the area of (sports) science. Research, development and innovation are key factors in remaining competitive in the international sports competition.
Since 2018, the funds available for applied sports science have been significantly increased. With a budget of CHF 1.5 million per year, Swiss Olympic\u27s ‘Sports Science’ funding programme is an essential source of funding for Swiss elite sport.
The aim of the ‘Sports Science’ funding programme is to promote practice-oriented (sports) science in the federations. This is to be achieved on the one hand by subsidising scientific staff and on the other by promoting scientific measures and projects.
In addition, the Sports Innovation Hub was launched in 2024 to increase competitiveness through innovative ideas and collaborative approaches. A maximum funding application of CHF 200,000 can be triggered per project. The fundings are awarded exclusively to national member federations of Swiss Olympic through applications.
The ‘embedded scientist’, a (sports) scientist embedded in the federation structure, is proving to be a promising model for conducting the most targeted and practice-oriented research possible due to its proximity to athletes, coaches and officials.
Nevertheless, linking universities, research and business remains a challenge, one of the three key points of Stöckli\u27s (Chef de Mission Swiss Olympic) final statements after the 2024 Summer Olympics.
References
Swiss Olympic. (2021). Ausführungsbestimmungen Sportwissenschaft [Implementation regulations for sport science]. https://www.swissolympic.ch/dam/jcr:267287de-d451-4b10-bfc8-c0b478201283/Ausf%C3%BChrungsbestimmungen_Sportwissenschaft_2021_DE.pdf
Swiss Olympic. (2023). Ausführungsbestimmungen Sports Innovation Hub [Implementation regulations Sports Innovation Hub]. https://www.swissolympic.ch/dam/jcr:e2a34443-f52f-4bbc-a882-656bd074992a/231219_SIH_Ausf%C3%BChrungsbestimmungen_DE_Final.pd
Postcolonial Englishes moving towards/past endonormativity: A survey of literature on attitudes and implications
Full text linkIn each postcolonial multilingual environment, a nativised and standardising form of English is commonly used in the country\u27s educational system, administration, and media, rather than Standard British English (SBE). Despite research indicating that teachers struggle to effectively teach SBE and learners consistently fail to acquire its features, educational authorities in these countries continue to promote SBE. This approach hinders the possibility of embracing flexible language ideologies that could lead to the development of local varieties of English and their acceptance as models for the classroom. In this article, I review the literature on attitudes towards postcolonial nativised Englishes and argue that adopting these Englishes as local standards has significant implications for the local English language teaching industries at sociolinguistic, pedagogic, economic, and policy levels.
 
Two Conjectures on Pindar
Full text linkThese notes propose conjectures on two passages in Pindar (P. 9. 37: μελιάδε’ ὀπώραν; N. 11. 18: αὐδαῖς).Предлагаются две конъектуры к Пиндару (P. 9. 37: μελιάδε’ ὀπώραν; N. 11. 18: αὐδαῖς)
Sardanapal(l)us in Cicero and Philodemus’ On Rhetoric Book 3
Full text linkThe present article examines a reference to the Assyrian king Sardanapal(l)us as a builder of Anchiale and Tarsos in Philodemus’ third book On Rhetoric. The name of Themistocles, possibly as a builder of Athenian walls, can be restored in the same passage. This restoration is backed up by a reference to both Sardanapal(l)us and Themistocles in Cicero’s Letters to Atticus (10. 8), a work that contains Philodemean echoes, as already noted by D. Delattre. However, while Sardanapal(l)us is typically mentioned with negative connotations in Cicero, I argue that, considering the context of the third book of On Rhetoric, Philodemus might have credited Sardanapal(l)us, and possibly also Themistocles, for their efforts in protecting their cities. Furthermore, I criticize M. Schneider’s thesis that the different spellings of Sardanapal(l)us may suggest the existence of more than one Sardanapal(l)i.В статье рассматривается упоминание ассирийского царя Сарданапала как строителя городов Анхиалы и Тарса с их укреплениями в третьей книге О риторике Филодема; в том же контексте можно восстановить имя Фемистокла, вероятно, как строителя афинских стен. Подтверждением этого восстановления служит упоминание Сарданапала вместе с Фемистоклом в одном из писем Цицерона к Аттику (X, 8), – в них, как заметил уже Д. Делатр, видны следы знакомства Цицерона с сочинениями Филодема. В этом пассаже, как и в других случаях у Цицерона, Сарданапал предстает в негативном свете. Однако Филодем, судя по контексту третьей книги О риторике, мог отзываться о стараниях Сарданапал(л)а и, возможно, Фемистокла защитить свои города с одобрением. В статье оспаривается предположение М. Шнейдер, что написание имени Сарданапал с одним или двумя л отражает представление о двух разных царях, носивших это имя
Maximos von Tyros und Apologie des Sokrates
Full text linkThe third speech of Maximus of Tyre “Whether Socrates was right not to speak in his own defence” was little researched, although it is an original text connected with the tradition of Socratic writings. In this article this speech is considered in the light of the tradition of writing Socrates’ Apologies, as well as in the literary context of the I–II centuries AD. The third speech of Maximus can hardly serve as a historical source for the reconstruction of Socrates’ trial, since it is based on the common biographical tradition and does not contain any unique historical data. At the same time, it is wrong to consider this speech as a rhetorical exercise based on a paradoxical thesis, following some researchers (M. Szarmach, J. Puigalli). Maximus does not try to prove that Socrates did not defend himself in court. The main question to which the speech is devoted is why Socrates did not prepare an apology according to the rules of rhetoric. This formulation corresponds quite well to the main idea of Xenophon’s Apologia Socratis: he did not prepare a speech because he had preferred death to life (Xen. Ap. Socr. 1). However, there are no direct references to this text of Xenophon in the third speech. Maximus used material from Plato’s Apologia Socratis, and there are also references to the dialog Gorgias. The argumentation in this speech is built around the opposition between Socrates as a true philosopher and the Athenians who were not worthy to judge him.Третья речь Максима Тирского “Прав ли был Сократ, не защищаясь в суде” мало изучена, хотя представляет собой оригинальный текст, связанный с традицией сократических сочинений. В статье эта речь рассмотрена в свете традиции написания “Апологий Сократа”, а также в литературном контексте I–II вв. н. э. III речь Максима едва ли может служить историческим источником для реконструкции суда над Сократом, так как она основана на расхожей биографической традиции и не содержит каких-либо уникальных исторических сведений. При этом не следует, вслед за некоторыми исследователями (М. Шармах, Ж. Пюигалли), считать эту речь риторическим упражнением, построенным на парадоксальном тезисе. Максим не стремится доказать, что Сократ вовсе не защищался в суде. Главный вопрос, которому посвящена речь, – почему Сократ не подготовил апологию согласно правилам риторики. Такая формулировка вполне соответствует главной идее “Апологии Сократа” Ксенофонта: он не готовил оправдательную речь, так как предпочел смерть жизни (Xen. Ap. Socr. 1). Однако прямых отсылок к этому тексту Ксенофонта в III речи нет. Максим использовал материал “Апологии Сократа” Платона, присутствуют также отсылки к диалогу “Горгий”. Аргументация в этой речи выстроена вокруг противопоставления Сократа как истинного философа и афинян, которые не были достойны его судить
Book Review of Frontiers of Belonging: The Education of Unaccompanied Refugee Youth, by Annika Lems, 2022
No full textBook review of: Lems, Annika. 2022. Frontiers of Belonging: The Education of Unaccompanied Refugee Youth. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Book review of: Lems, Annika. 2022. Frontiers of Belonging: The Education of Unaccompanied Refugee Youth. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Compte-rendu de: Lems, Annika. 2022. Frontiers of Belonging: The Education of Unaccompanied Refugee Youth. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
Violences de masse, autocensure et web diasporique: Quand l’enquête de terrain nous confronte à la question du positionnement en ligne
No full textConducting research among populations affected by mass violence, especially when such violence takes place in colonial contexts, raises ethical and methodological challenges that require reflexivity. Drawing on fieldwork conducted among the Uyghur diaspora of Istanbul between 2021 and 2023 for my PhD on Uyghur bread-making, I propose to address these challenges by examining the question of representation. In this article, I show how the people I met in the field confronted me not only with the issue of the representations, as a researcher, produce, but also with my own online positioning regarding the mass violence they are facing in their homeland.Conducting research among populations affected by mass violence, especially when such violence takes place in colonial contexts, raises ethical and methodological challenges that require reflexivity. Drawing on fieldwork conducted among the Uyghur diaspora of Istanbul between 2021 and 2023 for my PhD on Uyghur bread-making, I propose to address these challenges by examining the question of representation. In this article, I show how the people I met in the field confronted me not only with the issue of the representations, as a researcher, produce, but also with my own online positioning regarding the mass violence they are facing in their homeland.Le fait d’enquêter auprès de populations confrontées à des violences de masse, a fortiori lorsque ces dernières sont commises en situation coloniale, soulève des enjeux éthiques et méthodologiques qui nécessitent de faire preuve de réflexivité. À partir de l’enquête de terrain que j’ai réalisée auprès de la diaspora ouïghoure d’Istanbul entre 2021 et 2023 dans le cadre de ma thèse de doctorat sur la boulangerie ouïghoure, je propose d’interroger ces enjeux en me concentrant sur la question des représentations. Dans le cadre de cet article, je montre comment les personnes que j’ai rencontrées sur le terrain m’ont non-seulement confronté à la question des représentations que je produis en tant que chercheur, mais aussi à celle de mon propre positionnement en ligne vis-à-vis des violences de masse auxquelles elles sont confrontées dans leur localité d’origine
Introduction to the Special Issue Reciprocal Vulnerability: Violence, Privilege, and Solidarity from Fieldwork to Academia
No full textIn this special issue, we seek to uncover the vulnerabilities of researchers in anthropological fieldwork and academia, tracing their political and epistemological potential for the creation of ethnographic knowledge that is based on practices of reciprocity and solidarity. We bring together contributions that explore how anthropologists recover from various experiences of discomfort, harm, and violence by creating bonds of care and support with others, including interlocutors and other researchers, that critically shape and reshape their perspectives and the knowledge they create. Vulnerabilities are powerful and revealing encounters with what makes us human in an entangled and unequal world. Building on reflexive and feminist anthropology, we introduce the concept of “reciprocal vulnerability”, recognizing that vulnerabilities are relational, shifting, and situational experiences and positionalities that can connect people across differences and inequalities, allowing for new forms of exchange and reciprocity to emerge and thrive in fieldwork and anthropology more generally.In this special issue, we seek to uncover the vulnerabilities of researchers in anthropological fieldwork and academia, tracing their political and epistemological potential for the creation of ethnographic knowledge that is based on practices of reciprocity and solidarity. We bring together contributions that explore how anthropologists recover from various experiences of discomfort, harm, and violence by creating bonds of care and support with others, including interlocutors and other researchers, that critically shape and reshape their perspectives and the knowledge they create. Vulnerabilities are powerful and revealing encounters with what makes us human in an entangled and unequal world. Building on reflexive and feminist anthropology, we introduce the concept of “reciprocal vulnerability”, recognizing that vulnerabilities are relational, shifting, and situational experiences and positionalities that can connect people across differences and inequalities, allowing for new forms of exchange and reciprocity to emerge and thrive in fieldwork and anthropology more generally.In this special issue, we seek to uncover the vulnerabilities of researchers in anthropological fieldwork and academia, tracing their political and epistemological potential for the creation of ethnographic knowledge that is based on practices of reciprocity and solidarity. We bring together contributions that explore how anthropologists recover from various experiences of discomfort, harm, and violence by creating bonds of care and support with others, including interlocutors and other researchers, that critically shape and reshape their perspectives and the knowledge they create. Vulnerabilities are powerful and revealing encounters with what makes us human in an entangled and unequal world. Building on reflexive and feminist anthropology, we introduce the concept of “reciprocal vulnerability”, recognizing that vulnerabilities are relational, shifting, and situational experiences and positionalities that can connect people across differences and inequalities, allowing for new forms of exchange and reciprocity to emerge and thrive in fieldwork and anthropology more generally
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