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Effects of Phonomotor Treatment on the Reading Abilities of Individuals with Aphasia and Phonological Alexia
No full textA left hemisphere stroke often results in aphasia characterized by impaired reading (Cherney, 2004; Webb & Love, 1983) and phonological processing abilities (Blumstein, Baker, & Goodglass, 1977; den Ouden & Bastiaanse, 2005). Research has shown that treatment focused at the level of the phoneme improves reading abilities in persons with aphasia (PWA) and phonological alexia (Conway et al., 1998; Kendall et al., 1998; Kendall et al., 2003). These findings are theoretically supported by a connectionist model of phonology (Nadeau, 2001), and a multimodal model of phonological processing and reading (Alexander & Slinger, 2004)
Heading and cognitive performance in female collegiate soccer players
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between number of headers and cognitive processing in collegiate female soccer players over the course of a typical soccer season. This study expands upon the current literature by counting headers not only during games, but also during practices. Additionally, cognitive function was assessed at 4 points throughout the season to allow examination of change over time. The primary hypothesis was that performance on a cognitive test would be negatively related to the number of headers during the season
Neural Substrates of Improvement Following Treatment in a Case of Phonological Agraphia/Alexia
Get PDFDamage to left perisylvian regions often results in phonological alexia/agraphia syndromes, which are characterized by disproportionate difficulty reading or spelling novel sequences of phonemes or graphemes (pseudowords) compared to real words. A relatively small literature has documented that a sequence of behavioral treatments directed toward phonological skills and phonology-orthography relations can improve reading and spelling performance on pseudowords, with additional functional benefits for written language skills overall (e.g. Beeson et al., 2010). However, the neural substrates supporting these improvements remain to be elucidated. Because phonological processing is a strongly left-lateralized skill in most literate adults, we hypothesized that neural support for improvement is likely to remain in the left hemisphere. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted pre and post treatment fMRI with an individual with acquired phonological alexia/agraphia due to left hemisphere stroke before and after administration of treatment sequence to improve phonological skills
Propositional Idea Density in written descriptions of health: Potential clinical applications
No full textIn order to assess the effect of word finding difficulties for the spontaneous discourse of people with aphasia, a number of different measures of informativeness have been developed for clinical application (Doyle, Goda, & Spencer, 1995; Nicholas & Brookshire, 1993; Oelschlaeger & Thorne, 1999; Wright, Silverman, & Newhoff, 2003). The main challenges for the assessment of discourse (written or spoken) relate to issues of validity and reliability (AUTHOR DELETED). There is a need for valid and authentic sampling which is personally relevant to individuals and additionally, able to be repeated for the same individual on successive occasions, and comparable to other individuals. The use of a consistent elicitation task that could be widely used for adult populations would be beneficial to both allow comparisons of the same individual over time and also across individuals
Sound Production Treatment: Investigation of Blocked and Random Practice Effects
Get PDFAcquired apraxia of speech (AOS) is a neurologic motor speech disorder that is characterized by slow rate of speech, difficulties in sound production, and disrupted prosody (McNeil, Robin, & Schmidt, 2009). AOS is typically accompanied by aphasia and occurs rarely in its “pure” form, without aphasia (Duffy, 2005). Duffy reported that 22% of stroke survivors, who were diagnosed with aphasia as their primary communication disorder, also had AOS (Duffy, 2007). The relative contributions of aphasia and AOS to overall communication disruption in persons with both disorders are not well understood. Although many persons with aphasia and AOS likely require treatment for both disorders, there has been limited research addressing treatments that have been designed to target these disorders simultaneously.
None of the AOS treatments described in the AOS treatment guidelines included direct treatment for language (Wambaugh et al., 2006). Recently, Youmans, Youmans, and Hancock (2011) modified script training to include feedback for sound production accuracy and articulatory placement; positive findings were reported for three participants with AOS and aphasia. Response Elaboration Training (RET; Kearns, 1985) was modified for persons with aphasia and AOS (Wambaugh & Martinez, 2000; Wambaugh et al., 2012), but did not include specific treatment for apraxic speech production errors. In the current investigation, modified-RET (M-RET) was combined with an established AOS treatment, Sound Production Treatment (SPT, Wambaugh, Kalinyak-Fliszar, West, & Doyle, 1998) to improve language and speech production. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the effects of this novel treatment with three speakers with aphasia and AOS
The Effect of Computerized Verb Network Strengthening Treatment on Lexical Retrieval in Aphasia
Get PDFMost treatment for people with chronic aphasia relies on face-to-face treatment in a clinical setting. However, some people with aphasia may not have access to outpatient centers or transportation. As computers become more prevalent, their usefulness as a therapy tool also increases. Effective computerized telerehabilitation removes transportation concerns while improving the patient’s computer skills, which are vital for modern communication.
Many computerized treatments have been developed for chronic aphasia (Adrian, Gonzalez, Buiza & Sage, 2011; Katz, 2010), including some with promising results, but few have been used via telerehabilitation, so participants must still travel to receive treatment. The purpose of the current study was to adapt Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) (Edmonds & Babb, 2011; Edmonds, Nadeau, & Kiran, 2009), a treatment to aid lexical retrieval in sentence context, for computer use. This Computerized VNeST program (VNeST-C) was used to adminster VNeST via the Internet, allowing the participant to receive treatment without transportation concerns. This study also allowed us to integrate typing of responses into the treatment, thereby potentially improving lexical retrieval in spoken and typing modalities.
Specifically, this study sought to answer three research questions: Will treatment result in improvement in pre- to post-treatment changes in 1) sentence description of pictures containing trained and untrained semantically related verbs in both typed and spoken modalities, 2) confrontation naming of nouns and verbs in typed and spoken modalities, 3) sections of the Western Aphasia Battery - Revised
Word Retrieval Treatments for Aphasia: Connected Speech Outcomes
No full textWe examined changes in connected speech in individuals with aphasia following errorless naming treatment and gestural facilitation of naming administered in a single-participant crossover design. In addition to picture naming, participants completed two connected speech tasks during baseline and after each training phase. Positive training effect sizes in picture naming were associated with increased use of Correct Information Units and substantive nouns in connected speech. Greater use of CIUs and substantive nouns were evident for a questions task over a picture description task. Open-ended questions tended to be more effective than picture description for documenting speech changes associated with treatment
Perceived stress and depression in stroke patients with and without aphasia
Get PDFTherefore, the purpose of the current study is to determine whether perceived stress, neurological functioning, and depressive symptoms are associated in a sample of left hemisphere stroke patients with aphasia (LH) and right hemisphere stroke patients without aphasia (RH). We also explore change over time in these measures
Phonomotor rehabilitation of anomia in aphasia
Get PDFThe purpose of this Phase II clinical rehabilitation research is to investigate whether a phonological treatment, which uses real- and non-words comprised of low phonotactic probability and high neighborhood density phoneme sequences, will improve word retrieval in 26 subjects with left hemisphere lesion and aphasia. The treatment program is a logical advance on existing Phase I and Phase II clinical rehabilitation work (Kendall et al 2003, Kendall et al 2006a, Kendall et al 2006b, Kendall et al 2006c, Kendall et al 2008) and is motivated by an interactive activation model (Dell, 1986) and parallel distributed processing model of phonology (Nadeau, 2001)
Quantitative speech production profiles and focal left hemisphere lesion
No full textThe clinical differentiation between apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia with phonemic paraphasia is based on impressionistic consideration of a varying list of speech properties. The diagnosing clinician is challenged with determining the presence or absence of these disorders by considering the extent to which characteristic features are evident in the speech output and by determining how much relative weight to assign to each. Predictably, the subjective nature of the diagnostic process can translate to limited agreement, even among experienced clinicians (Haley, Jacks, de Riesthal, Abou-Khalil, & Roth, 2012), and the risks of misdiagnosis and diagnostic uncertainty are substantial (Wambaugh, 2006). Additionally it is likely that the adherence to a strictly dichotomous classification system overlooks theoretically and clinically important heterogeneity.
The purpose of this study was to identify a preliminary set of speech production profiles based on naturally occurring variations in individuals with acquired focal brain lesions. To avoid classification circularity, assessments were conducted without consideration of clinical speech diagnosis, and metrics were selected to represent diverse and robust observations about speech properties associated with left hemisphere lesions