Journal of Applied and Natural Science
Not a member yet
2928 research outputs found
Sort by
Yield maximization of direct sown rice (Oryza sativa l.) under water constraint situation
Get PDFMore efficient water management practices need to be adopted for better sustainable rice production grown under traditional areas due to increased water scarcity. Among the different water management practices, efficient new generation water-saving chemicals and organic products were used to conserve water under field condition. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield maximization in direct sown CO51 rice (Oryza sativa L.) under water constraint situation. The main plot treatments comprised of three levels of irrigation viz., Conventional irrigation (M1), Tensiometer based irrigation (M2) and Deficit irrigation (M3), respectively and were tested with four different water conservation practices in sub-plots viz., soil application of water-saving crystals (WSC) @ 5 kg ha-1 (S1), foliar application of drought shield @ 3 litres ha-1 (S2 ), soil application of humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 (S3) and soil application of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 (S4). Experimental results indicated that Tensiometer based irrigation with soil application humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 M2S3) recorded higher number of panicles m-2 (411) and number of filled grains panicle-1 (108.16) in direct-sown rice. However, M2S3 recorded significantly maximum grain yield (6352 kg ha-1) and minimum (3940 kg ha-1) in (M3S4) deficit irrigation applied with FYM @12.5 t ha-1 in the year 2018 Sornavari season, respectively. Thus the Tensiometer based irrigation with soil application of humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 can be a feasible approach for increasing grain yield and conserve water in north eastern region of Tamil Nadu, by promoting water use efficiency method in direct rice cultivation areas.
Biological clock vs Social clock conflict in Adolescents
Get PDFAlteration of day and night is one of the essential circadian rhythms that build the phenomenon of sleep/wake in humans and other animals. Daily rhythms impact different individuals differently. Light exposure and an individual\u27s circadian response are two aspects that create diversity in phenotype. These diverse phenotypes are called chronotypes. Chronotype varies over the life history stages. Chronotype is seen as morning type in children, evening type in adolescents, and again reverts back to the morning type in adults and old-aged individuals. It is observed that adolescents being evening types have bedtime later in comparison to children and adults. Adolescent physiology/ body clock does not allow them to sleep early and school routine/social clock does not let them sleep till late. Thus, their night phase is shrunk and sleep hours are reduced, which hinders their day-time functioning, including mental tasks such as cognition, learning and memory-based exercises, and physical tasks such as physical presence during field and athletic events. These days sleep debt is a critical health concern in the adolescent population. The current review focuses on the adolescent sleep-needs and various factors affecting their healthy sleep. This also encompasses the understanding of biological clocks, their misalignment, disrupters, causes and impact. The present study would be helpful in finding out the difference between the biological clock and social clock of the adolescent population, elaborates the need for sleep education and suggests a solution to this alarming problem of sleep debt in teens
Effect of organic fortified zinc on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek) in typic chromustert
Get PDFZinc is a crucial micronutrient for crop growth and enzymatic regulations. The present study was formulated to reveal the effect of organic fortified Zn composite on growth and yield parameters of green gram in Typic chromustert at Vellakulam village, Kalligudi block, Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. A total of eight treatments with three replications were designed to grow in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments consisted of recommend dose fertilizers (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + various sources organics applied such as vermicompost (1:5), poultry manure (1:5), biochar (1:5), FYM (1:10) incubated with ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University micronutrient mixture enriched with FYM (1:10) for 30 days. Among the treatments, application of RDF (25:50:25 Kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O) + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 incubated with 125 kg Vermicompost (1:5) recorded maximum plant height (64 cm), leaf area index (LAI) (3.11), dry matter production (16.33 g plant-1), pods plant-1 (28.46), grains pod-1 (13.5), test weight (3.48 g), seed yield (950 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1520 kg ha-1) followed by biochar and TNAU MNM shown on par results with each other. The lowest yield parameters were spotted in absolute control. A considerable increase in yield (25 %) was detected when the crop was supplemented with organically fortified Zinc than the commercial ZnSO4. The study concluded that the application of biofortified Zn will deliver higher growth and yield in green gram
Artificial intelligence-powered expert system model for identifying fall armyworm infestation in maize (Zea mays L.)
Get PDFMaize (Zea mays L) is one of the most saleable cereal crops grown worldwide and a dominant staple food in many developing countries. The severe outbreak of fall armyworm in maize causes massive yield loss. Modern technologies, including smartphones, can assist in detecting recognising the fall armyworm infestation in maize. The objective of this study was to develop an automated Artificial Intelligence Powered Expert System (AIPES) for identifying fall armyworm infestation in maize. In addition, it put forward a deep learning-based model that is trained on photographs of healthy and fall armyworm infested leaves, cobs and tassels from a dataset and furnished an application that will be detecting maize fall armyworm infestation using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and Mobile Net V 2 framework model. The study developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based maize fall armyworm infestation detection system using a DCNN (Deep Convolutional Neural Network) to support maize cultivating farmers. The model executed the objective by accurately identifying the fall armyworm infested maize plant and also classified them vis-c-vis the healthier crop. The deep learning models were trained to detect and recognise fall armyworm infection using more than 11000 images of fall armyworm infested leaves, cobs, and tassels. The created application (AIPES for identifying fall armyworm infestation in maize) using CNN detected and recognised the fall armyworm infestation in maize with a 100 per cent training accuracy rate and 87 per cent validation accuracy. So, the detection of maize fall armyworm and the treatment of fall armyworm-infested maize could lead to a higher maize crop yield.
Seasonal incidence and efficacy of botanical insecticides against Painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea genotype RH 725)
Get PDFBagrada hilaris (Burmeister) is a serious pest of Brassica crops in the North-Western region of India, inflicting crop yield losses. Therefore, the present study was conducted on seasonal incidence and management of B. hilaris in Brassica juncea genotype RH 725 at farmer’s field, Kolana village, Aravalli Hills Region, Rewari, Haryana, India during Rabi, 2019-20 and 2020-21. This study laid out the trial in a randomized block design with three replications and six treatments viz., Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 7%, Nimbecidine @ 0.03%, Neem oil @ 5%, NSKE @ 5%, Neem oil @ 7% and control (unsprayed). Observations on the incidence of B. hilaris showed that it appeared from 5th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) (0.34 bugs plant-1) and attained peak during 10th SMW with 5.77 bugs plant-1. The incidence of B. hilaris exhibited significant positive correlation with maximum (r=0.852, p<0.05) and minimum (r=0.900, p<0.05) temperature, rainfall (r=0.763, p<0.05) and wind velocity (r=0.959, p<0.05). Spray of Neem oil @ 7% (83.01 %) was the most effective in reducing the B. hilaris population over control followed by NSKE @ 7% (81.48 %), while NSKE @ 5% (68.85 %) confirmed least effective. Seed yield in different treatments varied from 1440.5 kg ha-1 (NSKE @ 5%) to 1590 kg ha-1 (Neem oil @ 7%) against 1216 kg ha-1 in control. The highest incremental cost-benefit ratio was registered with NSKE @ 7% (1: 7.70) followed by Nimbecidine @ 0.03% (1: 7.41) and NSKE @ 5% (1: 6.25). The present investigation signified that the study on the seasonal incidence of B. hilaris in relation to weather parameters could provide information for planning pest control and management strategies. The botanicals could be used as eco-friendly and economical substitutes for chemical insecticides at farmer’s fields against this insect pest
Melittopalynological studies of Apis dorsata honey samples from Kolar District, Karnataka, India
Get PDFHoneybees, while foraging for nectar on flowers, also gather some pollen which retains in the honey even after extraction. Pollen grains are the essential tools in the analysis of honey. The aim of the present report was to find the Apis dorsata honey floral resources in Kolar district state Karnataka. In the present study, the pollen content of 28 A. dorsata honey samples were collected from 5 different locations of Kolar district, Karnataka, India. Samples were subjected to Melittopalynological studies to identify their honey plant resources and colour, optic density and collection places were documented. A wide variety of pollen types represent their plant sources and their frequency classes were recognized in each honey sample. Among 28 honey samples analysed, 10 samples were identified as multifloral, 18 unifloral with predominant pollen types such as Syzygium cumini, Pongamia pinnata, Eucalyptus sp, Guizotia abyssinica, Psidium guajava and Coriandrum sativum, each count was found above 45%. Pollen spectra indicated a total of 56 pollen types belonging to 27 plant families. Fabaceae was represented as the largest family with 14 species contributing honey production. Among the habit, tree was dominant with 51.78%, followed by herbs (32.14%) and shrubs (16.07%). The economic importance of identified plants with apiculture importance was categorized as medicinal, ornamental, vegetable, timber and oil yielding, weeds, fruits and nuts. A. dorsata depends on wild trees and cultivated plants bloom throughout the year as pollen and nectar source. From the results, it is evident that there is a lot of potential in establishing beekeeping industries in the study area.
A study on chromium accumulation in Labeo rohita in the river Yamuna ecosystem in Mathura-Agra region in Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFAbstract:
The present study revealed the chromium toxicity and its health measures in L. rohita from the Yamuna river at Mathura- Agra region. Samples were taken in triplicate from both sites i.e. Vrindavan (Bihar ghat) and Agra (Renuka Ghat). The study was carried out on Four different organs (i.e. gills, muscles, liver, and kidney) of the fish sample. The sampling was done from Oct 2018 to January 2020. Chromium concentration in different organs of the fish was analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS). The average Cr concentration in gills was highest (9.64 mg/l) at the Mathura site followed byAgra sites (7.78 mg/l) for the month of April 2019. The concentration of Cr was highest in samples taken in the month of April 2019 and it was lowest in October 2018. The significantly high Cr concentration values were observed in the Mathura region than the Agra region for both seasons. In all samples, Cr concentration was above the standards stated by WHO except in the Kidney. In the present study, the bioaccumulation factor showed the chromium concentration in the tissues followed the order of gill > liver > muscle > kidney. HPI, MQI, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis were also done in which HPI was observed very high and there was a positive correlation between all the samples.
Keywords: Chromium, BCF, HPI, MQI, AAS, Fish Organ
Isolation of Chrysosporium indicum from poultry soil for keratinase enzyme, its purification and partial characterization
Get PDFKeratinases are produced by microorganisms as fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria and have the capacity to degrade tough insoluble keratin proteins, including feathers. Feathers are waste produced from the poultry industry worldwide and accumulated as solid waste. Therefore, keratinolytic fungal strains Chrysosporium indicum were isolated by hair baiting method from poultry farm soil of Punjab, India. Isolated C. indicum were screened for proteolytic activity on skimmed milk agar. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FeSEM) analysis confirmed morphological characters as C. indicum. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was studied for the structural and mechanism analysis of feather degraded during keratinase production. Keratinase enzyme was purified 48.03% recovery by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis for desalting and chromatography. Diethylaminoethyl sepharose (DEAE sepharose) and Sephadex-G75 column were used to perform chromatography and partial characterization of the keratinase for temperature, pH, and substrate. The maximum keratinase activity was observed at 500C, at pH 10. The maximum enzyme activity of 289.1 U/ml was observed with keratin powder as substrate and minimum enzyme activity 67.1 U/ml with keratin azure. This is the first report on the purification and characterization of keratinase by C. indicum using DEAE sepharose as affinity chromatography for the purification of the keratinase enzyme.
In vitro propagation of an economically important medicinal plant Lawsonia inermis L. through nodal segments
Get PDFThe present investigation aimed to standardize efficient plant regeneration protocol through in vitro culture by using nodal segment for mass multiplication of Lawsonia inermis an economically important medicinal plant species. Mass multiplication of shoots induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins separately and in different combinations. The medium fortified with 6-Benzylaminopurine ( BAP) 1.0 mg/l + kinetin (KN) 1.5mg/l explained best compared to all other combinations. In vitro raised plantlets were excised and transferred in half strength MS medium supplemented with different growth regulators like Indole Butyric acid ( IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA ) (0.5-3.0 mg/l) in an experiment that gave rise to rooting. The half strength of MS medium additive with IBA in separate and in different combinations with NAA concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/l) supported root development. The best response of rooting was obtained on half MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l IBA. The regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted to pots. Regenerants were transferred to the field conditions and recorded the survival rate.. Among all the carbon sources and gelling agents used, sucrose (3%) in combination with 0.8 per cent agar-agar has proved significantly better. Multiple shoots formation with longer shoots were achieved on medium with 1.0mg/l BAP and 1.5mg/l Kn. Thus, it is possible to develop a large number of plants of L. inermis through shoot bud regeneration which can cater for the need of pharmaceutical as well as other industries
Orientation cues and mechanisms used during avian navigation: A review
Get PDFThe navigational systems of different animal species are by a wide margin less notable as compared to birds. Humans have been interested in how migratory birds discover their way more than thousands of miles for quite a long time. This review summarizes the cues and compass mechanisms applied in orientation and navigation by non-migrants, diurnal and nocturnal migrants. The magnetic compass, landmarks, olfactory, and memory of spatial cues en route were utilized in homing and migration. The equivalent is valid for the sun compass despite the fact that its job during migration might be undeniably less significant than commonly presumed. Stellar compass and celestial rotation, as a result of their nighttime accessibility, appear to influence the direction of nighttime migrants during the course of migration. The celestial cues go through notable changes because of the latitude shift during bird migration. Sunset cues alter their location with seasons and latitudes. The recognizable stars lose height and lastly vanish underneath the horizon, whereas new stars show up. These new ones must be calibrated. As celestial rotation not imparting a reference, it is not unexpected that the magnetic compass turns into the main cue that controls the directional importance of stars and sunset cues. Field studies have revealed that, in certain species, a considerable extent of individuals get back to similar breeding, overwintering, and stopover areas in progressive years. This review proposes that migratory birds have advanced uncommon cognitive capacities that empower them to achieve these accomplishments.