Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Effect of bio-seed priming and nano zinc oxide foliar application on quality and productivity of finger millet + greengram intercropping system
Get PDFA critical stage of the plant\u27s life cycle is germination and insufficient seedling emergence contributes to the lower productivity of finger millet. Priming improves seedling emergence, reduces stand establishment time, and improves seedling germination. There is a need to develop a new technology like Nanotechnology that can precisely detect and deliver the right amount of nutrients or other inputs to safe crops for the environment and maximising productivity. A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season to evaluate the response of effective farming practice for sole finger millet + greengram intercropping system under rainfed conditions to varied levels of bio-seed priming and foliar application of nanoparticles on crop growth and productivity. The results of the experiment revealed that finger millet (Eleusine coracana) intercropped with greengram (Vigna radiata) (2:1) had a significant level (<0.05) increase in growth and yield parameter of finger millet compared to sole finger millet. Application of Prosopis juliflora leaf extract 1 per cent alone + Foliar ZnO nanoparticle @ 500 ppm showed a significant level (<0.05) increase in growth and yield parameter like grain yield (3238.84 kg ha-1), finger millet equivalent yield (FMEY) (3483.84 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7393.83 kg ha-1) compared to Pogamia pinnata leaf extract 1% alone + Foliar ZnO nanoparticle @ 500 ppm. The present study mainly focussed on cropping system, bio seed priming, and foliar application of nano zinc oxide utilized during rainfed conditions to increase uniform germination, drought resistance and improve crop yield along with nutrient content in seeds
Physiological and reproductive fitness cost in Aedes aegypti on exposure to toxic xenobiotics in New Delhi, India
Get PDFAedes aegypti, is a well-known vector of dengue, Chikungunya and Zika at the global level. Primary use of pyrethroids as control interventions has caused the development of a considerable level of immunity in Ae. aegypti. The current study assessed the efficacy of a pyrethroid, ?-cypermethrin on the survival and various life parameters of Ae. aegypti. The larvicidal studies with ?-cypermethrin revealed the respective LC50 and LC90 values as 0.26526 mg/L and 0.60211 mg/L. The impact of LC50 level was assessed on the growth and life attributes; such as gonotrophic cycle, egg development, hatchability, development and survival of immature stages, adult longevity, reproduction rate and generation time; of fourth instar of susceptible (S) and ?-cypermethrin-exposed population (E). The exposed population showed diminished fitness as compared to the susceptible population. The individual female fecundity in susceptible population was recorded as 79.6 with 61.6% hatchability rate as compared to the 28 eggs/female and 25% hatchability in the exposed population. The mean egg hatch time in S strain increased by 2-fold in E strain. The proportion of immature survival observed in S strain was 0.88 for fourth instar to pupa (P/I), 0.94 for pupa to adult (A/P) and an overall 0.83 for fourth larva to adult (A/I), which respectively reduced to 0.32, 0.86 and 0.27 in E strain of Ae. aegypti. Likewise, the net reproductive rate, birth rate and death rate were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in S than in E strain. This study demonstrates the negative impact of ?-cypermethrin on the physiological and reproductive fitness of Ae. aegypti
Changes in blood Cr level and its oxidative status among leather tannery workers of District Kanpur in North India
Get PDFChromium (Cr) sulfate is used in the tannery industry as a basic tanning agent. Workers are directly exposed to the Cr due to unawareness and no safety protocols. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress of Cr in tannery workers of District Kanpur in North India. Two groups of the population were for the study, Group I included 50 directly exposed people employed in tannery industries, whereas Group II included 50 healthy people with no previous exposure to Cr. The concentration of total Cr in blood samples was measured by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Oxidative status was measured by antioxidant enzyme assays such as Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione Reductase (GR). Statistical analysis observed a significant (p<0.001) increase of Cr concentration in Cr-exposed Group compared to controls which were not exposed to Cr. The level of CAT (9.73 ± 1.68 u/mg) was significantly (p<0.001) higher in Cr-exposed group as compared to control (6.00 ± 0.86 u/mg) while GPx (40.02 ± 5.43 u/mg) and GR (5.29 ± 1.59 u/gHg) concentration is significantly (p?0.001) lower in Cr-exposed group compared to control (59.71 ± 5.09 u/mg and 10.77 ± 2.32 u/g Hg, respectively. In Pearson correlation analysis, blood Cr level showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) with oxidative status. In Pearson correlation analysis, blood Cr level showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) with the oxidative status of the exposed population. The outcome of this study may help the early detection of hazardous impact of Cr on tannery workers, which will be crucial for reducing health risk and exposure.
Ameliorative effect of Albizzia procera leaves extract against experimentally induced gastric ulcer models in Wistar albino rats
Get PDFAlbizzia procera belongs to family Fabaceae and has several phytoconstituents like flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, saponins etc. The plant is commonly used in traditional medicines. The objective of the present study was to assess the ameliorative effect of A. procera leaves extract against an experimentally induced gastric ulcer in albino rats. The antiulcer, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties of an ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves was evaluated. When given in a 200 mg/kg oral (per. os) dose, the extract produced 74% and 85% protection index in ethanol-induced ulcer model and pylorus ligation model, respectively. Additionally, the extract also prohibited the formation of haemorrhage and edema, significantly lessened catalase activity (p<0.0001) and the lipid peroxidation level (p<0.0001) in the glandular tissue of Wistar albino rats. Furthermore, the extract also significantly diminished the total acidity(p<0.0001) of the gastric fluid by increasing its pH (p<0.0001). The occupancy of different phytoconstituents in the extract, such as flavonoids and tannins were identified that may be responsible for its gastro-protective activity. All these results provide a basis explaining the antiulcer ability of A. procera being useful in the management of gastric ulcers
Wheat genotypes as assessed by Additive main & multiplicative interactions (AMMI) and Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for stability analysis under rainfed timely sown trials in Northern Hills Zone of India
Get PDFStability analysis of wheat genotypes under rainfed timely sown trials in Northern Hills Zone of India by Additive main & multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis observed highly significant effects of the environment, GxE interaction and genotypes during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The ranking of genotypes had altered with utilization of more number of IPCA’s in AMMI and WAASB measures. Environments contributed about 53%, GxE interaction accounted for 30.5% and Genotypes explained only 5.4% of the total sum of squares due to treatments in the first year. Wheat genotypes HS668, VL2035, VL2036 , HS562 had been selected by Analytic measures of adaptability and Superiority indexes. Different quadrants comprised of a cluster of arithmetic, geometric, harmonic means along with corresponding adaptability measures. Superiority Indexes considering averages grouped separately. This group maintained the right angles with a group of MASV & MASV1 measures. Clustering of Adaptability measures as per arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means placed in a quadrant. Second-year reflected VL2041, HS675, HS676 & HS562, HPW471 genotypes selected by adaptability and superiority indexes. About 68% of the total variation with 38.4% and 30.2% contributions by PC1 & PC2. Adaptability measures maintained the right angle with other stability measures, with the exception of Superiority indexes. There is an additional advantage with these measures to assign variable weights to the yield and stability as per the goal of breeding trials. These indexes have the potential to provide reliable estimates of genotypes in future studies as they are considered more number of significant IPCA’s in biplots
Pesticide residues analysis in farm gate vegetables of agricultural areas in Tumakuru district, Karnataka, India
Get PDFThe main purpose of this experiment was to understand pesticide residues persistence and their toxicity level in vegetables. In the present study pesticide residues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and capsicum (Capsium annuum L.) vegetables cultivated in Tumakuru, Gubbi, Kunigal and Pavagada taluks in Tumkur district were analysed. In methodology, samples of 1 kg each were collected, cut into small pieces, macerated in a grinder and used for the analysis. Pesticides were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed tomato samples of Pavagada recorded acephate (0.346 mg/kg), dichlorvos (0.189 mg/kg), fenvalerate (0.057 mg/kg) and Tumakuru samples recorded phorate (0.072 mg/kg) residues higher than MRLs (Maximum residue levels). Chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin-g and cypermethrin were below detection level (BDL) in all the samples. Cyfluthrin-β recorded highest in Kunigal samples (0.294 mg/kg), Tumakuru and Gubbi samples showed BDL. Deltamethrin was highest in Pavagada (0.296 mg/kg) samples and Tumakuru and Kunigal samples revealed BDL. Pavagada samples (0.026 mg/kg) showed monocrotophos residues higher than MRLs. In capsicum samples, acephate residue was highest in Tumakuru samples (0.333 mg/kg), highest chlorpyrifos (0.153 mg/kg) in Kunigal samples, deltamethrin (0.381 mg/kg), fenvalerate (0.168 mg/kg) and phorate (0.089 mg/kg) residues were higher than MRLs in Pavagada samples. Cyfluthrin-β (0.045 mg/kg) was high in Tumakuru and dichlorvos (0.042 mg/kg) high in Pavagada samples. Cyhalothrin-g, cypermethrin and monocrotophos were BDL in all the samples. An attempt has been made to assess the different pesticides usage and their adverse impacts on vegetables, which are backbone to afford assistance for an extensive array of investigators.
Magmatic origin and petrogenesis characterization of syenite rock from Pakkanadu alkaline complex, Southern Granulite Terrain, India: Implication on emplacement and petrogenetic history
Get PDFThe present study mainly focused on understanding the magmatic origin and petrogenesis characterization based on the Petrography, major, trace and Rare Earth Element (REE) signatures in the alkaline syenite from Pakkanadu alkaline carbonatite complex. The alkaline plutons from South Indian granulite terrain are intruded along with Archaean epidote-hornblende gneisses. The study area was carbonatite complexes of Tamil Nadu and is characterized by a group of rock associations Carbonatite-Syenite-Pyroxenite - Dunite. From Harker various patterns Pakkanadu alkaline complex syenite showed increasing trends of SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O + K2O opposite to decreasing order of CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, TiO2, P2O5 and MnO trend, suggest fractionation of clinopyroxene, hornblende, sphene, apatite and oxide minerals and feldspar that ruled the fractionation. The concentration of trace elements enriched in Large Ion lithophile elements (LILE) (Ba, Sr, and Rb) elements and High Field Strength Elements (HFSEs) indicated that the dyke intrusion by differentiation of magma from a mantle source. Rare earth element (REE) distribution of Light rare earth element (LREE) enriched and High rare earth element (HREE) depleted pattern show strongly fractionated pattern with moderate Eu anomalies. Plots of tectonic discrimination diagrams of Pakkanadu samples fall in the field of syn-COLG field to the VAG syn- COLG field. For the first time, this type of study was carried out in the study region in a detailed manner. The present study significantly exposed the petrography, petrogenesis and magmatic origin process in the Pakkanadu alkaline carbonatite complex.
A review on ecological degradation, its causes and sustainable development in Delhi, India
Get PDFDegradation of natural resources and loss of biodiversity (wildlife flora and fauna) is a global problem that affects our society and hampers the economic and social progress of a country towards sustainable development. In developing countries like India, degradation of natural resources is a major threat to socio-economic development. In general, destruction of the environment, biodiversity and nature, has been a major concern in metropolitan cities. Delhi being a metropolitan city and the capital of India, has been facing this problem since 1980’s. However, the situation was not that bad then. Over the years, the environmental degradation has not only led to the loss of natural flora and fauna of Delhi city but has also become a cause of great concern because of its impact on the health of the common citizens of Delhi. Modernization, industrialization and overpopulation are key factors responsible for bringing about a drastic change in Delhi’s biodiversity and natural resources. Keeping in view their multifarious impacts, the Government of Delhi took some measures to restore the ecosystem of the city. However, we still have a long way to go to bring back the natural flora and fauna of the city, clean air, and the natural resources that have been depleted beyond imagination. Government alone cannot bring about the lost glory of Delhi. Each citizen of Delhi is responsible, and there is a need to join hands together and think in a positive direction to make Delhi a safe living place not only for human beings but also the wildlife that once existed in this majestic city
Effect of packaging material and postharvest calcium treatment on weight loss, decay and biochemical quality of strawberry fruits during storage
Get PDFStrawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruits are highly perishable which lose their marketability within a short period of time, resulting in considerable loss of fruits after harvest. In present study, the packaging materials treatment i.e. polypropylene terephthalate (PET) Punnet and High density polythene (HDPE) crates and calcium compounds (CaCl2 and Ca(No3)2) were examined for the storability and biochemical quality of strawberry (cv. Winter Down) fruits in cold condition (3±1 °C) in comparison to the untreated control fruit in ambient storage for 3, 6 and 8 days storage period. Results revealed that physiological loss in weight (PLW) and fruit decay increased with the advancement of the storage period irrespective of the treatments. Fruits treated with CaCl2 (2%), packed in PET Punnets and stored in cold condition (3±1 °C) showed significantly minimum PLW (6.55, 11.12 and 15 34 %) and fruit decay (7.29, 17.71 and 34.38 %) at 3, 6 and 8 days storage, respectively. Non-treated control fruits at ambient conditions could not maintain their marketability even 3 days of storage and showed relatively high decay losses (25.00, 62.21 and 91.67 % at 3, 6 and 8 days of storage, respectively). Packaging and calcium treatment did not affect the fruit total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugars but was found effective to slow down the decrease of ascorbic acid and acidity contents of the fruit during storage. PET Punnets packaged fruits treated with CaCl2 (2%) under cold conditions retained better shelf-life with better biochemical quality of fruits during storage while untreated control fruits deteriorated rapidly
Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and nutrient uptake to nitrogen and boron fertilization in Typic Ustifluvents soil
Get PDFNitrogen and boron are necessary for the metabolic activities of rice for its growth. With this perspective, a field experiment was conducted in farmer’s field during 2020 at Kuttalam, Mayladuthurai district, Tamilnadu in sandy clay loam(Padugai Series – TypicUstifluvents) to predict the response of rice (Oryza sativa) to different levels of nitrogen(N) and boron (B) application. The treatments consisted of Factor A- Nitrogen levels, 0, 75, 150, 225 kg ha-1 and Factor B- Boron levels 0, 1.5, 3.0 kg ha-1. Fifteen treatments were conducted in a Factorial randomised block (FRBD) design with three replications. The test crop was rice with a variety ADT 46. Concerning nitrogen alone, the highest grain (5344 kg ha-1) and straw yield was recorded in N3(225 kg ha-1). Among the boron levels tested, the highest grain (4695 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6509 kg ha-1) was registered in B1 (1.5 kg ha-1) in rice. The highest total nutrient uptake viz., N(88.2 kg ha-1), P(30.5 kg ha-1), K(105.0 kg ha-1) and B(172mg kg-1) were recorded in N3B1. Among the N alone, the highest total nutrient uptake viz., N(78.1kg ha-1, P(26.3kg ha-1), K (95.8 kg ha-1) and B(156.6 mg kg-1) in N3. Concerning B alone, the highest nutrient uptake viz., N(60.5, kg ha-1) , P(17.8kg ha-1) K(74.9 kg ha-1) and B(112.1mg kg-1) were registered in B1 over other B levels. The highest grain (5631 kg ha-1) was recorded in N3B1 (225 kg N ha-1 and 1.5kg B ha-1) than other interactions. The study concluded that applying nitrogen and boron is required to achieve the maximum yield of rice in sandy clay loam soil