Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Studies on modulation of hemocyte surface antigen through agglutination reaction under arsenic toxicity in edible mudcrab (Scylla serrata)
Get PDFScylla serrata (Crustacea: Decapoda), which is widely spread on the intertidal mudflat of West Bengal, India\u27s Sundarbans Biosphere Reserves, is a potential aqua crop and an economically significant edible species. One of the larger crab groups in the mangrove swamp of the Sundarbans is thought to be this one. The S. serrata\u27s multifaceted immune response is directly tied to its diverse habitat and survival technique. It lives in dangerous surroundings and is constantly in danger of physiological stress brought on by various xenobiotics, such as arsenic. By producing a number of polyclonal antisera in rabbits (New Zealand White, albino), the study attempted to evaluate the surface antigen against crab hemocytes and murine lymphocytes. Control hemocytes and hemocytes treated to 1 ppm expressed very identical reactivity to antihemocyte sera for the agglutination reaction. The control results, however, shifted when exposed to 2 and 3 ppm of sodium arsenite, indicating arsenic-induced hemocyte surface modification. The agglutination reaction from the control sets of hemocytes that reacted with murine anti-lymphocyte sera gradually, shifted as the quantity of sodium arsenite in the medium of the treatment sets increased. The maximum equivalence zone of murine lymphocyte and hemocyte agglutination 98.6% and 99% respectively suggested a potential epitope sharing between two phylogenetically separate species. The situation may lead to a possible alteration of immune status and make opportunity for pathogenic foreign invaders within the mud crab body. Chronic arsenic exposure indicated a steady decline of edible and demandable S. serrata in the natural habitat of Sundarbans
Acceptability of coconut (Cocos nucifera) apple tart filling recipe: Techno guide for Extension program
Get PDFCoconut apple, commonly known as buwa sa lubi which is the coconut (Cocos nucifera) cotyledon, is known to have contained nutritional value, but unfortunately, it is considered a waste product in the Philippines during copra production or even in the market where only coconut flesh is utilized. The present study aimed to use coconut apple as a tart filling using the descriptive -quantitative research method. This experimental study used four tart recipes with varying concentrations of coconut apple, such as 0 g, 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g, added to the tart recipe. The study determined the most preferred concentration of coconut apple added to the filling recipe based on sensory evaluation using descriptive testing of the product’s color, taste, aroma and texture and acceptability rating of the four formulations using 15 food experts and 35 consumers. Out of the four varying concentrations of coconut apple, treatment with 200 g of coconut apple added to the tart filling recipe obtained the highest sensory acceptability of 15 food experts and 50 consumers. The product had a dark brown color, extremely noticeable aroma, extremely tasty and extremely crunchy texture. The most preferred coconut apple tart had a sensory acceptability rating of “like extremely” with the highest mean score of 8.74. The product’s nutritional value was composed of 1.27 % crude ash, 19.8 % total fat, 6.16 % crude protein, 21.3 % moisture and 51.7 % carbohydrates. Based on findings, 200 g of coconut apple as one of the ingredients in tart fillings was adopted as the techno-guide for the extension program
A study on the effect of silver nitrate and 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate pulsing solutions on Lilium cut flowers
Get PDFLilium is one of the most important cut flowers in commercial markets, giving customers ornamental value. Fresh flowers, a highly perishable item, need more care and proper treatment for their longer post-harvest life and due to this, the end users face the post-harvest losses of cut flowers. Such losses can be minimized by using preservative chemical, which plays an important role in increasing the vase life of flowers. To increase the post-harvest life of lilium cut flowers cv. ‘Pavia’, the present investigation was aimed to study the effect of different combinations and concentrations of silver nitrate at 50, 75 and 100 ppm and 8-hydroquinoline citrate at 100, 150 and 200 ppm pulsing solutions with 20 % sucrose. Three replications were completely randomised with 16 treatments and one control. Silver nitrate showed better results in flower bud opening, flower bud opening to complete flowering, flower size, bloom life, dry weight and dry matter percentage. Among the treatment concentrations, AgNO3 at 50 ppm with 20% sucrose showed the most effective result on enhancing the selected parameters and improved flower quality during post-harvest life. Among the treatment combinations, 8-HQC at 100 ppm + AgNO3 at 75 ppm with 20 % sucrose showed better results. These findings will be useful to researchers, farmers, and end users to retain the ornamental value of lilium cut flowers for longer than usual
A Biopesticides and their impact on brinjal Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida)
No full textBrinjal (Solanum melongena) is a precious and nourishing vegetable grown worldwide in tropical and subtropical climates. Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttulaI.) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae),of which nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from the underside of the brinjal leaves resulting in curling and affecting the photosynthesis process. The present study aimed to study the effectiveness of biopesticides and their impact on jassid and its natural enemy in different seasons. The field experiment arranged in randomized block design includes six biorational insecticides such has (T1)-Spinosad 45 % SC @ 0.4ml/l, (T2)-Neem Seed Kernel Extract(NSKE) 1% @ 2ml/l, (T3)-Beauveria bassiana 1x 108 @ conidia/ml @ 10ml/l, (T4)-Metarhizium anisopliae1x 108 conidia/ml @ 10ml/l, (T5)-Verticillium lecanii 1x108 conidia/ml @ 10ml/land (T6)-Untreated plots replicated in four times. It is resulted that all the biorational pesticides performed significantly better than the control. However, among the treatments, application of (T3)-Beauveria bassiana 1x108 conidia/ml @ 10 ml/l and (T2)-Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 1% @ 2 ml/l was found to have significantly better results against jassid,during Rabi(2021) and Kharif season (2022) respectively. For predatory coccinellids,(T2) - Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 1% @ 2 ml/l and(T1)-Spinosad 45 % SC @ 0.4ml/l were found to be better compared to other treatments in Rabi and Kharif season. This research will help to understand the importance of biopesticides with eco-friendly approaches to manage jassid.
Oral microbiota relationship with and without gingivitis in Iraqi patients
Get PDFGingivitis is a common oral disease characterized by inflammation of the gum tissues, predominantly caused by microbial dysbiosis. The study aimed to anticipate that the comparative analysis of oral microbiota in Iraqi patients with and without gingivitis would reveal distinct microbial profiles associated with the disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Iraqi patients aged 18-65, including males and females. One hundred patients and 50 healthy samples were collected from January to May 2023, diagnosed by Vitek 2 compact system and 16SrRNA. Two hundred and thirty five isolates were obtained form both techniques as four groups:Anaerobic gram-positive (Actinomyces odontolyticus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus anginusom, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Clostridium sordelli, Group C streptococcus,Streptococcus saliveris, Clostridium histolyticum, Lactobacillus spp., Anaerococcus prevoti, Gemella morbillorum, Turicella Otitidis , Enterococcus casseliflavus, Anaerobic gram-negative(Fusobacterium nucleatum, Vellionela spp., Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium mortiifirum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intemedia, Fusobacterium varium, Prevotella disiens, Ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterobacter hormaechei), Facultative gram-positive (Bacillus amyloliquefacieneus,Bacillus atrophaeus, Rothia sp., Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus megaterium, Erysipelothrix sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus), and Facultative gram-negative bacteria (Pantoea calida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter pitti). The anaerobic gram-negative bacteria were the most likely to cause gum diseases. On the other hand the confidence intervals for other group could be attributed to oral disease.Furthermore, these findings can contribute to developing diagnostic and treatment strategies for gingivitis in Iraq.
Enhancing herbicides sorption in sodic soils through biochar amendment : A promising approach for sustainable agriculture
Get PDFThis study is essential for assessing the binding capacity of Prosopis wood biochar to commonly used herbicides, Pretilachlor and Pendimethalin. Understanding their sorption dynamics at varying biochar application rates and exposure times is crucial for sustainable and effective herbicide management in intensively farming agricultural fields and for reducing environmental contamination. The Prosopis wood biochar was produced in an earthen kiln at 300-350°C. The batch experiment was conducted to study the sorption potential of biochar additions at rates of 0, 5, and 10 t ha-1. The herbicides were added to the homogenized soil-biochar mixes at zero, whole, twice, and four times the recommended dose. The sorption of the herbicides by soil biochar mixture was studied for 12 and 24 hours. The result showed that Pendimethalin sorption increased with biochar application rate, requiring 24 hours for 95% sorption at 4X dose without biochar (77.95 mg/kg soil) and 12 hours with 10 t/ha biochar (75.82 mg/kg soil). The Kd value increased with biochar application (0.57-77.95 mg/kg soil) and decreased with pendimethalin application (77.95-3.04 mg/kg soil). Maximum sorption (95%) was attained within 12 hours for 1X and 2X rates and 24 hours for 4X rates when biochar was added. This demonstrated that although pendimethalin residue in the soil can be immobilized by adding biochar within 8 hours at lower rates, more than 24 hours were required when pendimethalin was applied at higher rates or repeatedly. Biochar can be used to reduce pendimethalin leaching in agricultural fields, especially sodic soils, at higher application rates.
Analysis of shoreline changes in the severe storm surge region of upper Coromandel coast, India, using Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic information system (GIS)
Get PDFCoastlines have been subject to ongoing vulnerability from natural disasters, resulting in erosion and accretion occurring at varying intervals. The impacts of human activities and alterations in natural processes, including those induced by climate change, exacerbate the existing challenges faced along coastal regions. The present study aimed to analyze the changing shoreline along the Bapatla coastal tract in the upper coromandel coast of Andhra Pradesh due to erosion and accretion using the DSAS toolbar in ArcGIS software. Multiple statistical methods are available in DSAS; the present study confined attention to the end point rate (EPR), linear regression rate (LRR), and net shoreline movement (NSM) for this investigation. The Nizampatnam Mandal had the greatest erosion rate (-16.8 m/yr) and accretion rate (10.5 m/yr), according to EPR, as well as the highest erosion rate (-16.7 m/yr) and accretion rate (10.4 m/yr) according to LRR. As per NSM, between 1990 and 2020, the highest erosion and accretion was seen again in Nizampatnam. The shoreline at Nizampatnam either retreated by as much as -285.2 meters or advanced by 211.1 meters. The research indicated that the Bapatla district\u27s shoreline is susceptible to erosion and accretion. The present investigation revealed that the coastal region of Bapatla district exhibits susceptibility to both erosion and accretion phenomena. The findings of the present study hold significant implications for professionals in the fields of coastal science, engineering, and administration. The findings are of utmost importance in the development of sustainable approaches for coastal management.
Integrated geospatial database design for land use pattern analysis and its impact on local governance: A case study of Manesar Urban Complex, Gurugram, India
Get PDFThe absence of an integrated geospatial database hinders effective decision-making among various stakeholders in national projects and programs. The study aimed to create an integrated geospatial database for the Manesar tehsil, District Gurugram, Haryana. Another objective was to create a land use map to analyze the temporal change in land use patterns and its socioeconomic impact along the surrounding areas. The first stage of the study involved creating an integrated database after interviewing different stakeholders. In the second stage, the satellite imagery was georeferenced using Ground Control Points, and the land use patterns were digitized using Landsat imagery for 1987, 2011, 2014, and 2022. The study suggested that the construction area has grown up to 6% while cultivation has dropped significantly from 76% in 1987 to 50% in 2022. Likewise, the industrial area has grown up to 2% and natural vegetation dropped in coverage from 11% to 4%. The area witnessed a population growth rate of 3.2% per year and a decadal growth rate of 39.7%. Less than 50% of the land in the tehsil is used for agricultural purposes. It estimates that 4% of the tehsil\u27s entire surface was covered by natural vegetation in 2019, down from 11% in 1987. The study recommends the creation of an integrated geospatial database that will help reduce duplication and speed up decision-making in government. This will pave the way for improving e-governance in local bodies. The framework created for developing the database system is universally applicable and can be used appropriately by other states, regions, and the entire country.
Establishing surface sterilization protocol for clonal apple rootstock MM106
Get PDFSurface sterilization is crucial in preparing viable and uncontaminated explants for tissue culture. Utilizing the right sterilizing agent in this procedure can efficiently eliminate the majority of surface contaminants. The present study aimed to establish the best sterilization procedure for clonal apple rootstock MM106 using shoot tips and nodal segments. Two important sterilizing agents, mercuric chloride (ranging from 0.05% to 0.3%) for various durations (2 to 6 minutes) and sodium hypochlorite (ranging from 3.0% to 12%) for different durations (10 to 30 minutes), were employed. The results indicated that the maximum aseptic conditions (80.00% and 80.67%) and survival rates of the cultures (60.66% and 67.33%) for shoot tips and nodal segments, respectively, were achieved through surface sterilization with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 4 minutes, specifically during April, in comparison to March and May of 2021 due to low phenol content and high meristematic activity. The results yielded valuable insights for efficiently propagating clonal apple rootstocks on a local scale, and they have the potential to offer guidance for establishing commercial facilities dedicated to producing these specific clonal apple rootstocks and varieties.
Enhancing salinity stress tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes through foliar application of spermidine
Get PDFChickpea (Cicer arietinum), the 2nd most important legume after dry beans, known for its protein content, is an important crop agronomically as well as economically. The present study aimed to determine the effect of foliar application of spermidine (spd) on various aspects of chickpea genotypes under salt stress. The chickpea genotypes were cultivated under 4 and 8 dSm-1 Cl- dominated salinity followed by the spermidine application of 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Salinity stress inhibited the plant height and root length, reducing plant biomass (fresh and dry weight). Furthermore, it also decreased the chlorophyll and nitrogen content of the plant. Results obtained from spermidine (spd) application indicated that both concentrations of spermidine are good in enhancing the tolerance in chickpea genotypes against salt stress. Spermidine application increased the plant\u27s height as well as biomass. It also enhanced the chlorophyll content (32.93%), increasing the Nitrogen Balance Index (77.37%) at 1.0 mM.It further increased the flavonoid and anthocyanin content in plant leaf. In addition, the application of spermidine retained more moisture (25.81%) and increased seed fiber (13.30%) in all chickpea genotypes at 1.0 mM. It reduces the Cl- ion accumulation and maintains the ionic balance in chickpea seeds. The effect of spermidine application (0.5 and 1.0mM) was more pronounced, but 1.0 mM had a more positive effect in salt-sensitive chickpea genotypes.